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1902 Submissions

[399] viXra:1902.0508 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-28 06:04:36

A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PART 5/10.

Authors: Stephen C. Pearson.
Comments: 42 Pages.

This particular submission contains a copy [PART 5/10] of the author's original paper and is therefore a continuation of his previous submission, namely - "A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PART 4/10", which has been published under the 'VIXRA' Mathematics subheading:- 'Functions and Analysis'.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[398] viXra:1902.0507 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-28 06:06:26

Immunizing Quantum Computers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 79 Pages.

The research group of Jonathan Home, professor at the Institute for Quantum Electronics at ETH Zurich, has now realised such a qubit encoded in an oscillator. [46] "It's known that as the temperature lowers, the superconductivity is enhanced," Chen said. "The fact that much more supercurrent flowed at even lower temperatures for our device was evidence that it is flowing around these protective surfaces." [45]
Category: Quantum Physics

[397] viXra:1902.0505 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-28 07:54:08

Dark Matter in Small Galaxies

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

Dark matter particles may scatter against each other only when they hit the right energy, say researchers in Japan, Germany, and Austria in a new study. [33] A team led by the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe constructed a map of dark matter throughout the history of the universe by analysing images of more than ten million galaxies. [32] Key components for the sky-mapping Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), weighing about 12 tons, were hoisted atop the Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) near Tucson, Arizona, and bolted into place Wednesday, marking a major project milestone. [31]
Category: Astrophysics

[396] viXra:1902.0504 [pdf] replaced on 2020-12-04 12:12:44

On a Heuristic Point of View about Newton’s Laws, Mach’s Principle and the Theory of Relativity

Authors: Friedrich-Karl Boese
Comments: 25 Pages.

It will be shown that Newton’s theory already implies a maximum velocity with which a massive particle can travel if the universe is included into the consideration (according to Mach’s principle). The resulting formulas for the velocity dependence of the particle’s mass and it’s energy are identical with those of SR. The constancy of the speed of light does not have to be postulated for this purpose, but comes rather as one of the results. The results suggest also that the speed of light (in “vacuum”) is not a natural constant. One can also conclude that the “action at a distance” – property of Newton’s law of gravity is not in contradiction to the local character of nature as described by the theory of relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[395] viXra:1902.0503 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-28 08:21:50

Superconducting and Magnetic States

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 29 Pages.

Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory have developed a method to accurately measure the "exact edge" or onset at which a magnetic field enters a superconducting material. [19] TU Wien has now made a major advance towards achieving this goal and, at the same time, has furthered an understanding of why conventional materials only become superconducting at around -200°C [18]
Category: Condensed Matter

[394] viXra:1902.0502 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-28 08:44:31

Mechanism Repairs DNA Damage

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 75 Pages.

Researchers from the University of Copenhagen have identified a specific mechanism that protects cells from natural DNA errors that could permanently damage the genetic code and lead to diseases such as cancer. [41] DNA damage is occurring in our cells all the time due to external agents, such as exposure to sun, or internal agents, like reactive oxygen species. To detect and repair DNA lesions, cells have evolved DNA damage response. [40]
Category: Physics of Biology

[393] viXra:1902.0501 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-28 09:02:20

Planet Orbital Eccentricity Disproves the Solar Group Current Description

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 15 Pages.

The basic challenge in the solar group study is the current description which contradicts with the solar planets data …. Simply the solar group current description is unreal…! The planet doesn’t move by gravity, and no big bang is found in the universe origin..! Solar Planet motion can't be independent from other planets motions, on the contrary the planets motions work as gears motions, each planet causes the other planet to move! In fact it's hard to examine this situation… the solar group current description is created based on the direct observation, regardless any planet data… which creates approximately a pure imaginary description… This imaginary description is created also because of the basic definitions absence…(No definitions for …. distance, time, Energy, Force, Matter, Gravity, Light Nature, Field etc..). to see much we need to examine the eclipse phenomena Example For Explanation – Total Solar Eclipse Why the total solar eclipse is occurred? i.e. Why we see the sun disc= the moon disc? The answer is known.. because (Sun Diameter / Moon Diameter) = (Earth Orbital Distance / Earth Moon Distance) Why? …..Why the diameters rate = the distances rate? Is there a relationship between the planet diameter and his orbital distance? Or Planet orbital distance is defined by gravity …?! Let's try to answer 1st Critic / Mercury – Venus – Earth ….. these 3 planets order lead us to conclude that, there's some relationship between the planet diameter and his orbital distance With a clear rule "Greater Diameter needs Greater Orbital Distance" And/ There's a similar order (but reversed). Let's see it Jupiter – Saturn – Uranus – Neptune – Pluto The previous order tells us a reversed rule "Greater Diameter needs Shorter Orbital Distance" Something is occurred with Mars which caused the rule to be reversed after Mars! But/ Uranus Diameter is Greater Than Neptune Diameter, Where Neptune Mass is Greater Than Uranus… that tells us the solar planets order is done depending on the diameter and not on the mass! disproving the gravity concept! 2nd Critic/ If the planet moves by gravity, and defines his orbital distance by the gravitation equation, which depends on the masses, Why Jupiter Isn't In Place Of Mercury? According to the gravitation equation (m/r2)? The told answer is because of the initial points!! And why we accept the gravitation equation based on that if there's no any proof for it?! 3rd Critic/ More data may help to see much better - 1092x Mercury Diameter 4879 km= 57.9 mkm Mercury Orbital Distance -1092 x Earth Diameter 12756 km= 149.6 mkm (Earth Orbital distance) -1092 x Saturn diameter 120536 km= 1433.5 mkm (Saturn Orbital Distance) -1092 x Mars diameter 6792 = 80.5 mkm (Earth – Mars distance) (2.8%) Not all planets follow directly this same equation (D= R *1092, Where D= planet orbital distance R = Planet diameter) So it can't be considered a proof for the claim But I found the previous 3 critics are strong indications lead to the conclusions Conclusions/ 1-There's A Relationship Between The Planet Diameter And his Orbital Distance 2-Mars causes Disturbance For This Relationship The previous conclusions offer a new vision with different description… how the planet diameter can have a relationship with the orbital distance?! here we face the difficult question what's the space? I answer "the Space is Energy" and we know that the matter is energy (E=mc2)… so that may help to find a relationship between the diameter and orbital distance… Then the next question will be "what event has occurred for Mars?" but the next question will be more complex… if some event occurred with Mars in the history how can we know that? My solar group alternative description is: 1.The solar group is one trajectory of Energy, each planet is a point on this same Trajectory. 2.The same Energy is seen in space and matter forms This description we should discuss deeply in this paper … So this paper offer 2 main points 1st Part -This paper uses the planet eccentricity data to show that the planet motion and orbital distance can't be found by any gravity force…. the concept was imaginary… 2nd Part -I provide an alternative description for the solar group
Category: Astrophysics

[392] viXra:1902.0499 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-28 09:47:12

A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PART 6/10.

Authors: Stephen C. Pearson.
Comments: 42 Pages.

This particular submission contains a copy [PART 6/10] of the author's original paper and is therefore a continuation of his previous submission, namely - "A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PART 5/10", which has been published under the 'VIXRA' Mathematics subheading:- 'Functions and Analysis'.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[391] viXra:1902.0498 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-28 10:12:43

The Mass of the Neutron Reviewed: The Role of Two New Quarks Instead of One

Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 2 Pages.

Abstract: Reviewing my recent work concerning the mass of the neutron, it is becoming evident that both the up and the down quark of the neutron have been revised: both have been slightly altered in mass to accurately produce the observed mass of the neutron. This means that 8 quark types exist instead of 6, as expected for E8 symmetry
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[390] viXra:1902.0497 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-28 11:24:31

Physical Mathematics and the Fine-Structure Constant

Authors: Michael A. Sherbon
Comments: 7 Pages. Journal of Advances in Physics 14 (3):5758-64 (2018)

Research into ancient physical structures, some having been known as the seven wonders of the ancient world, inspired new developments in the early history of mathematics. At the other end of this spectrum of inquiry the research is concerned with the minimum of observations from physical data as exemplified by Eddington’s Principle. Current discussions of the interplay between physics and mathematics revive some of this early history of mathematics and offer insight into the fine-structure constant. Arthur Eddington’s work leads to a new calculation of the inverse fine-structure constant giving the same approximate value as ancient geometry combined with the golden ratio structure of the hydrogen atom. The hyperbolic function suggested by Alfred Landé leads to another result, involving the Laplace limit of Kepler’s equation, with the same approximate value and related to the aforementioned results. The accuracy of these results are consistent with the standard reference. Relationships between the four fundamental coupling constants are also found.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[389] viXra:1902.0496 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-28 11:53:12

A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PART 7/10.

Authors: Stephen C. Pearson.
Comments: 42 Pages.

This particular submission contains a copy [PART 7/10] of the author's original paper and is therefore a continuation of his previous submission, namely - "A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PART 6/10", which has been published under the 'VIXRA' Mathematics subheading:- 'Functions and Analysis'.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[388] viXra:1902.0495 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-28 11:31:59

About Arrow of Time

Authors: Ilgaitis Prūsis, Peteris Prūsis
Comments: 4 pages, 3 figures

All laws of physics are time-invariant. Quantum mechanical experiments show time reversibility in micro-scale conditions. Everyday experience demonstrates that time flows only from past to future and never back. This conundrum of physics has not been solved until now. The article discloses an explanation of nature of time based on the statement that time itself does not exist. Time is one characteristic of movement as such.
Category: Classical Physics

[387] viXra:1902.0494 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-28 12:08:14

The Origin of the Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic-Ray Particles

Authors: Fran De Aquino
Comments: 2 Pages.

In this paper, we show that the extremely-high energies of some cosmic-ray particles can be related to the strong increase of their gravitational masses when they have been generated.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[386] viXra:1902.0493 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-28 12:30:18

A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PART 8/10.

Authors: Stephen C. Pearson.
Comments: 42 Pages.

This particular submission contains a copy [PART 8/10] of the author's original paper and is therefore a continuation of his previous submission, namely - "A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PART 7/10", which has been published under the 'VIXRA' Mathematics subheading:- 'Functions and Analysis'.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[385] viXra:1902.0492 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-28 15:18:28

A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PART 9/10.

Authors: Stephen C. Pearson.
Comments: 42 Pages.

This particular submission contains a copy [PART 9/10] of the author's original paper and is therefore a continuation of his previous submission, namely - "A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PART 8/10", which has been published under the 'VIXRA' Mathematics subheading:- 'Functions and Analysis'.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[384] viXra:1902.0491 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-28 15:55:02

A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PART 10/10.

Authors: Stephen C. Pearson.
Comments: 31 Pages.

This particular submission contains a copy [PART 10/10] of the author's original paper and is therefore a continuation of his previous submission, namely - "A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PART 9/10", which has been published under the 'VIXRA' Mathematics subheading:- 'Functions and Analysis'.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[383] viXra:1902.0490 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-28 18:06:31

An Abbreviated People’s History of Social Health in the Modern United States.

Authors: Tariq Khan
Comments: 3 Pages.

A short list of major social, cultural, mental health, medical health, and environmental events by decade since 1950 that had a significant impact on the lives of everyday Americans.
Category: Social Science

[382] viXra:1902.0489 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-02 07:58:35

Comparison of Particle Model Based on Virtual Spacetime and Quark Model and the Discussion of Charged Higgs Bosons

Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 28 Pages.

This paper explores why the particle model based on virtual spacetime is consistent with the results of the quark model. The biggest problem with the quark model is why the quark has a fractional charge, but it cannot be detected. From the condition of the Dirac charge quantization, the fractional charge does not satisfy the charge quantization condition, so it is impossible to observe it in real spacetime. Otherwise we will be able to detect the magnetic monopole. However, quark's fractional charge constructs different baryon structures and is supported by strong experimental evidence. This shows that the quark's fractional charge is reasonable. At least there is strong indirect support. Therefore, any newly created particle model should at least have a quark model as a subset. It can be seen from the analysis of this paper that the virtual spacetime particle model contains the quark model and can predict the all predicted results of quark models. But the virtual spacetime particle model has a larger range and can predict new particles that the quark model cannot predict. By analyzing the meson model in the virtual spacetime particle model, we find that in addition to the currently discovered Higgs boson, there are two Higgs bosons with positive and negative charges in nature. The Bosons are positive and negative particles, and their energy range is at the range of 110~140GeV, which should be found on LHC and other colliders.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[381] viXra:1902.0488 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-27 06:41:13

A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PART 1/10.

Authors: Stephen C. Pearson.
Comments: 42 Pages.

This particular submission contains (inter alia) a copy [PART 1/10] of the author's original paper, which was completed on 5th March 2001 and thus comprises a total of 316 handwritten foolscap pages. Bearing in mind that it is a sequel to the author's previous set of submissions, namely - "An Introduction to Functions of a Quaternion Hypercomplex Variable - PARTS 1/6 to 6/6", its purpose is to enunciate various definitions and theorems, which pertain to the following topics, i.e. (a) the classification of quaternion hypercomplex functions; (b) further calculus of quaternion hypercomplex functions; (c) series expansions of quaternion hypercomplex functions. Many of the concepts presented therein are analogous to well established notions from real and complex variable analysis with any divergent results being due to the non-commutativity of quaternion products.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[380] viXra:1902.0487 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-27 08:19:46

Snapshot Hear the Quantum World

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 71 Pages.

Observing these counterintuitive happenings in larger objects has always been difficult, but University of Queensland physicists – part of an Austrian/UK research team – have created a new technique to make the observation of quantum movement much easier. [42] Their work, published in the journal Optica, could have implications for the future of information security, bio-medical science and other fields of study where sophisticated advances are increasingly relying on the ability to incorporate and measure the properties of quantum systems. [41]
Category: Quantum Physics

[379] viXra:1902.0485 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-27 08:57:46

Spiking Artificial Intelligent Devices

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

The software program works best when patched in to programs meant to train new artificial-intelligence equipment, so Whetstone doesn't have to overcome learned patterns with already established energy minimums. [26] New work leveraging machine learning could increase the efficiency of optical telecommunications networks. [25] Physicists in the US have used machine learning to determine the phase diagram of a system of 12 idealized quantum particles to a higher precision than ever before. [24]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[378] viXra:1902.0484 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-27 10:26:48

Shox96 - Guaranteed Compression for Short Strings

Authors: Arundale R., Charumathi A., Harsha N.
Comments: 12 Pages.

None of the lossless entropy encoding methods so far have addressed compression of small strings of arbitrary lengths. Although it appears inconsequent, space occupied by several independent small strings become significant in memory constrained environments. It is also significant when attempting efficient storage of such small strings in a database where while block compression is most efficient, retrieval efficiency could be improved if the strings are individually compressed. This paper formulates a hybrid encoding method with which small strings could be compressed using context aware static codes resulting in surprisingly good ratios and also be used in constrained environments like Arduino. We also go on to prove that this technique can guarantee compression for any English language sentence of minimum 3 words.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[377] viXra:1902.0483 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-27 10:33:16

A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions Additional Remarks Pertaining to Part 1/10.

Authors: Stephen C. Pearson.
Comments: 8 Pages.

This particular submission is an addendum to the author's previous submission, namely - "A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PART 1/10", which has been published under the 'VIXRA' Mathematics subheading:- 'Functions and Analysis'.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[376] viXra:1902.0481 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-27 10:10:17

Dynamic Diffraction Direct Detector

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

Advances in electron microscopy – using electrons as imaging tools to see things well beyond the reach of conventional microscopes that use light – have opened up a new window into the nanoscale world and brought a wide range of samples into focus as never before. [37] "We put the optical microscope under a microscope to achieve accuracy near the atomic scale," said NIST's Samuel Stavis, who served as the project leader for these efforts. [36]
Category: Condensed Matter

[375] viXra:1902.0480 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-27 10:39:57

Computer Network Disease Therapies

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 71 Pages.

When Greg Bowman presents a slideshow about the proteins he studies, their 3-D shapes and folding patterns play out as animations on a big screen. [39] Researchers at the University of Helsinki uncovered the mechanisms for a novel cellular stress response arising from the toxicity of newly synthesized proteins. [38] Scientists have long sought to develop drug therapies that can more precisely diagnose, target and effectively treat life-threatening illness such as cancer, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. [37]
Category: Physics of Biology

[374] viXra:1902.0479 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-27 10:58:06

Mechanism Behind DNA Damage

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

DNA damage is occurring in our cells all the time due to external agents, such as exposure to sun, or internal agents, like reactive oxygen species. To detect and repair DNA lesions, cells have evolved DNA damage response. [40] When Greg Bowman presents a slideshow about the proteins he studies, their 3-D shapes and folding patterns play out as animations on a big screen. [39] Researchers at the University of Helsinki uncovered the mechanisms for a novel cellular stress response arising from the toxicity of newly synthesized proteins. [38]
Category: Physics of Biology

[373] viXra:1902.0478 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-27 12:41:38

A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PART 2/10.

Authors: Stephen C. Pearson.
Comments: 42 Pages.

This particular submission contains a copy [PART 2/10] of the author's original paper and is therefore a continuation of his previous submission, namely - "A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PART 1/10", which has been published under the 'VIXRA' Mathematics subheading:-'Functions and Analysis'.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[372] viXra:1902.0475 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-27 12:50:06

Cern no Longer up-to-Date: Back to the Big Bang is Nonsense!

Authors: Dan Visser
Comments: 8 Pages.

The universe never started with a Big Bang. In five original drawings is shown how an higher order universe, called the RTHU, an abbreviation of Rotating Torus Hologram Universe, generates a Big Bang universe as a hologram. This hologram seemingly fools us with an expanding universe increasingly faster. Remarkably the hologram is physically accepted as real reality, however, instead of a Big Bang generating a Big Bang-universe, the RTHU generates a lot of Big Bang holograms at the same time and shifted relative to each other. That is a different definition of parallel. It means these holograms enable transportation from one to the other. This is the future way for travelling without making use of relativistic space-time. In new technology we leave space-time, travel through the RTHU and calculate where to enter space-time again.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[371] viXra:1902.0474 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-27 12:48:24

Universal Quantum Entangler

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 78 Pages.

Now Yale researchers have developed a "universal entangler" that can link a variety of encoded particles on demand. [46] "It's known that as the temperature lowers, the superconductivity is enhanced," Chen said. "The fact that much more supercurrent flowed at even lower temperatures for our device was evidence that it is flowing around these protective surfaces." [45]
Category: Quantum Physics

[370] viXra:1902.0473 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-27 13:05:13

A Possibility of CPT Violation in the Standard Model

Authors: S.A. Larin
Comments: 7 Pages.

It is shown that there is a possibility of violation of CPT symmetry in the Standard Model which does not contradict to the famous CPT theorem. To check this possibility experimentally it is necessary to increase the precision of measurements of the proton and antiproton mass difference by an order of magnitude.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[369] viXra:1902.0472 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-27 14:44:08

A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PART 3/10.

Authors: Stephen C. Pearson.
Comments: 42 Pages.

This particular submission contains a copy [PART 3/10] of the author's original paper and is therefore a continuation of his previous submission, namely - "A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PART 2/10", which has been published under the 'VIXRA' Mathematics subheading:-'Functions and Analysis'.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[368] viXra:1902.0470 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-27 15:22:11

Two-Colouring of a Map

Authors: Volker W. Thürey
Comments: 4 Pages.

We provide a charaterization of maps which are colourable with two colours
Category: Topology

[367] viXra:1902.0469 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-27 20:47:44

Resemblance of Graphs of Dark Energy’s Rate of Expansion and Link Counts of Fully-Meshed Networks.

Authors: Tariq Khan
Comments: 2 Pages.

“…if complexity does underlie spatial volume in black holes, Susskind envisions consequences for our understanding of cosmology in general. "It's not only black hole interiors that grow with time. The space of cosmology grows with time," he said. "I think it's a very, very interesting question whether the cosmological growth of space is connected to the growth of some kind of complexity. And whether the cosmic clock, the evolution of the universe, is connected with the evolution of complexity. There, I don't know the answer."" -- Interview with Dr. Leonard Susskind in Quanta Magazine, https://www.quantamagazine.org/why-black-hole-interiors-grow-forever-20181206
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[366] viXra:1902.0466 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-28 05:25:15

A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PART 4/10.

Authors: Stephen C. Pearson.
Comments: 42 Pages.

This particular submission contains a copy [PART 4/10] of the author's original paper and is therefore a continuation of his previous submission, namely - "A Supplementary Discourse on the Classification and Calculus of Quaternion Hypercomplex Functions - PART 3/10", which has been published under the 'VIXRA' Mathematics subheading:- 'Functions and Analysis'.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[365] viXra:1902.0465 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-01 09:46:13

Landauer's Principle as a Consequence of the Shannon-Hartley Theorem

Authors: Vladimir Aksayskiy
Comments: 1 Page.

Communication and information in the world of black bodies. The message, in contrast to the information, obeys the Landauer principle, according to which any generator, transmitter, and receiver of a message is a source of thermal radiation, which in the case of electromagnetic communication is conveniently considered in terms of the Planck black body model. In this case, the Shannon-Hartley theorem leads to the well-known formulation of the Landauer principle.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[364] viXra:1902.0463 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 08:13:39

Nuclear Orbital for Emc Effect

Authors: Domenico Oricchio
Comments: 1 Page.

I try to explain the European Muon Collaboration effect using nuclear orbital, equivalent to the molecular orbital theory.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[363] viXra:1902.0462 [pdf] replaced on 2019-06-15 09:53:02

Further Proofs for the 1-Photon Path Entanglement Communications Scheme

Authors: Remi Cornwall
Comments: 8 Pages. Maths sorted out, new proof put in about faux rank 3 systems made from rank 2 components.

The author had previously set out devices to communicate over space-like intervals, with a full proof for the 2 photon device and only a partial proof for the 1-photon device. The 2-photon device exploits entangled pairs; the 1-photon device utilises path-entanglement. The 1-photon device is fully analysed, then similarities (and differences) are drawn to the 2-photon device to show the holes in the No-communications Theorem: the creation operators representing the sum of paths through the device can be mapped outside the device and quantum state reduction/measurement is a space-like operation. A common misconception on faux rank-3 systems made from rank-2 components is elucidated, avoiding the criticism and null result obtained by naively taking the partial trace.
Category: Quantum Physics

[362] viXra:1902.0461 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 11:18:38

Neutrinos in Clustering of Galaxies

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

This new measurement constitutes an interesting confirmation of the standard cosmological model which links the production of neutrinos one second after the Big Bang to the clustering of galaxies billions of years later. [36] The history of the universe is predicated on the idea that, compared to today, the universe was hotter and more symmetric in its early phase. [35] The universe consists of a massive imbalance between matter and antimatter. [34]
Category: Astrophysics

[361] viXra:1902.0460 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 11:58:29

Demystifying the Quantum World

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

Their work, published in the journal Optica, could have implications for the future of information security, bio-medical science and other fields of study where sophisticated advances are increasingly relying on the ability to incorporate and measure the properties of quantum systems. [41] For the first time, the team created quantum-correlated pairs made up of one visible and one near-infrared photon using chip-based optical components that can be mass-produced. [40]
Category: Quantum Physics

[360] viXra:1902.0458 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 12:19:20

New Material for Secure Computing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 76 Pages.

Reporting today in the journal Nature, a team of physicists and engineers led by University of Texas at Austin physics professor Xiaoqin Elaine Li report they have created a material with light-emitting properties that might enable hack-proof communications, guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics. [44] Future technologies based on the principles of quantum mechanics could revolutionize information technology. But to realize the devices of tomorrow, today's physicists must develop precise and reliable platforms to trap and manipulate quantum-mechanical particles. [43]
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[359] viXra:1902.0457 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 13:15:43

Immunizing Quantum Bits

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 77 Pages.

"It's known that as the temperature lowers, the superconductivity is enhanced," Chen said. "The fact that much more supercurrent flowed at even lower temperatures for our device was evidence that it is flowing around these protective surfaces." [45] Reporting today in the journal Nature, a team of physicists and engineers led by University of Texas at Austin physics professor Xiaoqin Elaine Li report they have created a material with light-emitting properties that might enable hack-proof communications, guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics. [44]
Category: Quantum Physics

[358] viXra:1902.0456 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 13:39:14

Short-Wavelength Spin Waves Control

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

That means that chips that work with spin waves don't necessarily need a predefined architecture, but they can later be changed and adapted to fulfill new tasks." [18] Hydrogen fuel cells are a promising technology for producing clean and renewable energy, but the cost and activity of their cathode materials is a major challenge for commercialization. [17] Rice University scientists have created a rubbery, shape-shifting material that morphs from one sophisticated form to another on demand. [16] Researchers at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, together with collaborators from the Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science at Columbia University, have developed a system to convert one wavelength of light into another without the need to phase match. [15]
Category: Condensed Matter

[357] viXra:1902.0455 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-02 06:12:35

Open Letter To Professor Richard David Gill, PhD

Authors: Ilija Barukčić
Comments: 19 pages. Copyright © 2019 by Ilija Barukčić, Jever, Germany. All rights reserved. Published 15.3.2019 by Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 9(2), 125-143. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2389

Aristotle’s law of contradiction and Einstein’s special theory of relativity ABASTRACT Objective: The aim of this study is to re-evaluate the relationship between Aristotle’s law of contradiction and Einstein’s special theory of relativity. Methods: In order to clarify the relationship between Aristotle’s law of contradiction and Einstein’s special theory of relativity, several different approaches were chosen and appropriate theorems were developed. Results. It was possible to provide the proof that Aristotle’s law of contradiction is observer dependent but does not contradict Einstein’s special theory of relativity. Furthermore, a derivation of Aristotle’s law of contradiction from the identity law (principium identitatis) was provided. Conclusions Aristotle’s law of contradiction and Einstein’s special theory of relativity are compatible with each other. Keywords: principium identitatis, principium contradictionis, causality, Einstein’s special theory of relativity
Category: Quantum Physics

[356] viXra:1902.0452 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 21:51:47

Displacement And Wavelength In Non-Inertial Reference Frame

Authors: Eric Su
Comments: 2 Pages. All comments are welcome. Please include your email address and a short list of your publications.

The parity symmetry in physics connects the motions in two different reference frames. By examining the displacements in both reference frames, the length of the displacement can be shown to be conserved in both reference frames. For two frames in relative inertial motion, the displacement is conserved in all inertial reference frames. For two frames free to accelerate, the displacement is conserved in all non-inertial reference frames. The length of a displacement is conserved in all reference frames. The wavelength of a wave is conserved in all reference frames. The frequency varies with reference frame in Doppler effect. Therefore, the speed of light varies with reference frame. Light travels at different speed in different reference frame.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[355] viXra:1902.0448 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 23:58:12

On The Model Of Hyperrational Numbers With Selective Ultrafilter

Authors: Armen Grigoryants
Comments: 6 Pages.

In standard construction of hyperrational numbers using ultrapower we assume that the ultrafilter is selective. It makes possible to assign real value to any finite hyperrational number. So, we can consider hyperrational numbers with selective ultrafilter as extension of traditional real numbers. Also proved the existence of strictly monotonic or stationary representing sequence for any hyperrational number.
Category: Set Theory and Logic

[354] viXra:1902.0447 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-27 02:34:16

Hawking Radiation Doesn’t Exist. Black Holes do not Have Temperature

Authors: Adrian Ferent
Comments: 303 Pages. © 2014 Adrian Ferent

“Hawking radiation doesn’t exist” Adrian Ferent “Dark Matter does not have temperature” Adrian Ferent “Gravitons from Black holes transform Matter and ‘heat’ in Dark Matter.” Adrian Ferent “In Ferent Quantum Gravity (FQG) Black holes are not cold or hot, Black holes are Dark Matter and do not have Temperature” Adrian Ferent “Virtual particles do not exist in Ferent Quantum Gravity, virtual particles exist in Quantum Field theory.” Adrian Ferent “Event horizons do not exist in Ferent Quantum Gravity, event horizons exist in Einstein General Theory of Relativity. At Event horizons there are only Gravitons without Hawking radiation.” Adrian Ferent You learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists that Black holes are very cold. They are cold because they absorb everything including all heat. Bigger Black holes, they absorb more stars, planets…they become colder; because your professors, the greatest scientists did not understand Gravitation, Black holes and Dark Matter. “In Ferent Quantum Gravity (FQG) Black holes are not cold or hot, Black holes are Dark Matter and do not have Temperature” Adrian Ferent Hawking radiation doesn’t exist! Hawking radiation is blackbody radiation that is predicted to be released by Black holes, due to quantum effects near the event horizon. Temperature of a black hole is inversely proportional to its mass, such that: Hawking radiation temperature: T = k / M The power of the Hawking radiation from a solar mass black hole turns out to be minuscule: 9 x 10^(-29) W. For a black hole of one solar mass, we get an evaporation time of 2×10^67 years, much longer than the age of the Universe. Hawking and all the scientists did not understand Gravitation and Black holes. “Black holes are Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “Dark Matter does not have temperature” Adrian Ferent “Gravitons from Black holes transform Matter, ‘heat’ in Dark Matter.” Adrian Ferent Dark Matter has another structure, based on Ferent length lF = 1.296 × 10^(-69) m much smaller than Planck length lP = 1.616199×10^(-35) m. Dark Matter does not emit, reflects, absorbs light. “Dark Matter is not ‘invisible’, is not ‘transparent’ Matter.” Adrian Ferent “Light will not cross Dark Matter because the Gravitons from Dark Matter will transform light in Dark Matter.” Adrian Ferent “Light will not cross Dark Matter because Dark Matter density is higher than Planck density.” Adrian Ferent Hawking Radiation: black holes will generate virtual particles right at the edge of their event horizons. The most common kind of particles is photons. A pair of these virtual particles appear right at the event horizon, one half of the pair as negative energy drops into the black hole, while the other as photon is free to escape into the Universe. “Virtual particles do not exist in Ferent Quantum Gravity, virtual particles exist in Quantum Field theory.” Adrian Ferent “Event horizons do not exist in Ferent Quantum Gravity, event horizons exist in Einstein General Theory of Relativity. At Event horizons there are only Gravitons without Hawking radiation.” Adrian Ferent Ferent wave equation of the graviton: Ψ – the wave function of the graviton String theory and Loop Quantum Gravity are wrong theories because both of them predict Hawking radiation. All Gravitation theories based on Einstein gravitation theory are wrong, from example String theory, Loop Quantum Gravity. 174. I am the first who discovered that Hawking radiation doesn’t exist 175. I am the first who discovered that Dark Matter does not have temperature 176. I am the first who discovered that Gravitons from Black holes transform Matter and ‘heat’ in Dark Matter 177. I am the first who discovered that in Ferent Quantum Gravity (FQG) Black holes are not cold or hot, Black holes are Dark Matter and do not have Temperature 178. I am the first who discovered that event horizons do not exist in Ferent Quantum Gravity, event horizons exist in Einstein General Theory of Relativity. At event horizons there are only Gravitons without Hawking radiation
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[353] viXra:1902.0445 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-25 05:47:46

Selfgan-not a Gan But Punch Itself

Authors: Hecong Wu
Comments: 5 Pages.

In my research, I modified the basic structure of GAN, let G and D train together, and use dynamic loss weights to achieve a relatively balanced training.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[352] viXra:1902.0444 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-26 08:55:44

On the Equivalence of Closed Figures and Infinitely Extended Lines and the Conclusions Drawn from it

Authors: Madhur Sorout
Comments: 13 Pages.

This paper is mainly focused on the equivalence of closed figures and infinitely extended lines. Using this principle, some major conclusions can be drawn. The equivalence of closed figures and infinitely extended lines is mainly based on the idea that closed figures and infinitely extended lines are equivalent. One of the most significant conclusions drawn from this equivalency is that if any object moves along a straight infinitely extended line, it will return back to the point, where it started to move, after some definite time. This principle of equivalence of closed figures and infinitely extended lines may lead us to understand the physical reality of infinities.
Category: Geometry

[351] viXra:1902.0443 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-25 06:48:51

Optical Quantum Micro-Combs

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Compact quantum devices could be incorporated into laptops and mobile phones, thanks in part to small devices called quantum optical micro-combs. [31] Taking their name from an intricate Japanese basket pattern, kagome magnets are thought to have electronic properties that could be valuable for future quantum devices and applications. [30] A team of Cambridge researchers have found a way to control the sea of nuclei in semiconductor quantum dots so they can operate as a quantum memory device. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems—donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[350] viXra:1902.0442 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-25 07:18:29

Machine Learning Optical Networks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

New work leveraging machine learning could increase the efficiency of optical telecommunications networks. [25] Physicists in the US have used machine learning to determine the phase diagram of a system of 12 idealized quantum particles to a higher precision than ever before. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning—a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data—with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[349] viXra:1902.0441 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-25 07:40:07

Toward New Thought for the Unified Theory of Electromagnetic Field and Gravitational Field (Ⅲ) (Quantum Electrodynamics in KR Space, Lagrangian of Unified Theory of Field and Experimental Verification of Theory)

Authors: Ho Dong Jo, Chol Song Kim
Comments: 17 Pages.

In this paper, we analyzed the difficulties of Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory and Einstein’s gravitational theory in detail, built a unified theory of field including consistent nonlinear electromagnetic theory and gravitational theory on the basis of new starting postulates, and extended these results into quantum electrodynamics. In this process, we accepted a new geometrical space in which metric tensor and all main physical functions becomes implicit function, called “KR space” conforming to our starting postulates, and normalization of implicit functions in order to connect all physical functions defined in this space with real world. Here, we naturally unraveled problem of radiation reaction, a historical difficult problem of Maxwell-Lorentz theory, established new quantum electrodynamics without renormalization procedure and also predicted some new theoretical consequences which could not find in traditional theories.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[348] viXra:1902.0440 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-25 07:54:00

X-ray Communicate in Space

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

This is where the concept of X-ray communications (XCOM) come into play, which offer even more in the way of advantages than lasers. For one, X-rays have much shorter wavelengths than both radio waves and lasers and can broadcast in tighter beams. [36] In a new study published Aug. 17 in Nature Communications, Nemsak, Fadley, Schneider and colleagues demonstrate the use of new techniques in X-ray spectroscopy to illuminate the internal structure of manganese-doped gallium arsenide. [35]
Category: Astrophysics

[347] viXra:1902.0439 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-25 08:07:46

X-ray Observations of Galactic Center

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

Monitored in the radio since its discovery and more recently in the infrared and the X-ray, Sgr A* appears to be accreting material at a very low rate, only a few hundredths of an Earth-mass per year. [37] This is where the concept of X-ray communications (XCOM) come into play, which offer even more in the way of advantages than lasers. For one, X-rays have much shorter wavelengths than both radio waves and lasers and can broadcast in tighter beams. [36] In a new study published Aug. 17 in Nature Communications, Nemsak, Fadley, Schneider and colleagues demonstrate the use of new techniques in X-ray spectroscopy to illuminate the internal structure of manganese-doped gallium arsenide. [35]
Category: Astrophysics

[346] viXra:1902.0438 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-25 08:32:47

Polaritons Repulsive Photons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 71 Pages.

Light particles normally do not "feel" each other because there is no interaction acting between them. Researchers at ETH have now succeeded in manipulating photons inside a semiconductor material in such a way as to make them repel each other nevertheless. [41] The researchers harnessed the power of polaritons, particles that blur the distinction between light and matter. [40] A new study by researchers at the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) may explain this disparity. In the work, the OIST researchers measured electrical current across a two-dimensional plane. [39]
Category: Condensed Matter

[345] viXra:1902.0435 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-04 12:28:25

General Schwarzschild Solution in Rindler Space-time

Authors: Sangwha Yi
Comments: 5 Pages.

We studied only about Rindler space-time in long time. This knowledge lead that we can combine Schwarzschild solution and an accelerated frame. Our article’s aim is that we find the general Schwarzschild solution include an uniformly accelerated frame.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[344] viXra:1902.0434 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-25 18:28:09

Elastic Blockchain: A Solution for Massive Internet Service Abuse

Authors: Junhao Li
Comments: 2 Pages. Apparently, arxiv moderators do not like ideas which make their own research useless.

Internet service abuse is a significant threat for service providers, internet users, and even national security. In this short article, I present elastic blockchain, an architecture for solving massive internet abuse. For webmasters, elastic blockchain lowers the cost of service abuse prevention and may even benefit from service abuse. For regular users, it provides a more user-friendly way to prove their goodwill than doing Turing tests. For attackers and water armies, it increases their cost of attacks dramatically, so they are less likely to do that.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[343] viXra:1902.0433 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-25 21:37:12

2019 Therthal Arikkai

Authors: Acharya sennimalai Kalimuthu
Comments: 02 Pages. NA

Idhu 2019 aam Aandu Therthal Arikkai
Category: Economics and Finance

[342] viXra:1902.0432 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-25 22:16:51

Zero Expresses Non-possibility

Authors: Saburou Saitoh
Comments: 9 Pages. In this paper, as one important property of zero, we will simply show that zero expresses non-possibility.

In this paper, as one important property of zero, we will simply show that zero expresses non-possibility.
Category: General Mathematics

[341] viXra:1902.0431 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-25 23:11:53

Higher Order Sequence Of Primes {Version 2}

Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi
Comments: 3 Pages.

In this research manuscript, the author has presented a novel notion of Higher Order Prime Numbers.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[340] viXra:1902.0430 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-16 15:42:09

On the Usefulness of Philosophical Terminological Rigorousness in Quantum Mechanics

Authors: A. V. Grigorov
Comments: 2 Pages.

A lot of the confusion with regards to the meaning of Quantum Mechanics arises from improper use of language (in the philosophical sense). The following brief discussion demonstrates how this could be avoided, and the benefits of using more philosophically rigorous language and concepts.
Category: Quantum Physics

[339] viXra:1902.0429 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 00:50:56

The Richardson Nobelian Experiment in Magnetic Field

Authors: Miroslav Pardy
Comments: 8 Pages. original article

The Richardson thermal effect is considered for the situation where the thermal electrons are inserted into the homogenous magnetic field. The electron flow in magnetic field produces the synchrotron radiation. We calculate the spectral distribution of the synchrotron photons.
Category: Condensed Matter

[338] viXra:1902.0428 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 01:54:26

Quantum Entangled Photons of Colors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

For the first time, the team created quantum-correlated pairs made up of one visible and one near-infrared photon using chip-based optical components that can be mass-produced. [40] Now scientists at MIT and Harvard University have for the first time studied this unique, theoretical lens from a quantum mechanical perspective, to see how individual atoms and photons may behave within the lens. [39]
Category: Quantum Physics

[337] viXra:1902.0427 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 04:00:56

Graphite Quantum Surprise

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 73 Pages.

Researchers at The University of Manchester in the UK, led by Dr. Artem Mishchenko, Prof Volodya Fal'ko and Prof Andre Geim, have discovered the quantum Hall effect in bulk graphite—a layered crystal consisting of stacked graphene layers. [42] Light particles normally do not "feel" each other because there is no interaction acting between them. Researchers at ETH have now succeeded in manipulating photons inside a semiconductor material in such a way as to make them repel each other nevertheless. [41]
Category: Condensed Matter

[336] viXra:1902.0426 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 04:17:17

Faster Read Quantum Memory

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

Joni Ikonen, a Ph.D. student at Aalto University, has developed a new method that helps do just that. Until now, the method used to read information from a qubit was to apply a short microwave pulse to the superconducting circuit containing the qubit and then measure the reflected microwave. [32] Compact quantum devices could be incorporated into laptops and mobile phones, thanks in part to small devices called quantum optical micro-combs. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[335] viXra:1902.0425 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 04:35:05

Laser-Driven Electron Acceleration

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

Combining a first laser pulse to heat up and "drill" through a plasma, and another to accelerate electrons to incredibly high energies in just tens of centimeters, scientists have nearly doubled the previous record for laser-driven particle acceleration. [39] Femtosecond lasers are capable of processing any solid material with high quality and high precision using their ultrafast and ultra-intense characteristics. [38] To create the flying microlaser, the researchers launched laser light into a water-filled hollow core fiber to optically trap the microparticle. Like the materials used to make traditional lasers, the microparticle incorporates a gain medium. [37]
Category: Quantum Physics

[334] viXra:1902.0424 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-26 04:51:10

2-D Materials Trap Particles

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 75 Pages.

Future technologies based on the principles of quantum mechanics could revolutionize information technology. But to realize the devices of tomorrow, today's physicists must develop precise and reliable platforms to trap and manipulate quantum-mechanical particles. [43] Researchers at The University of Manchester in the UK, led by Dr. Artem Mishchenko, Prof Volodya Fal'ko and Prof Andre Geim, have discovered the quantum Hall effect in bulk graphite—a layered crystal consisting of stacked graphene layers. [42]
Category: Quantum Physics

[333] viXra:1902.0423 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-01 09:55:56

Gravitons and Spacetime Get Ruled Out with Simple Logic

Authors: Seamus McCelt
Comments: 3 Pages.

If "gravity" is actually "gravitons" - that means the gravitons from the center of the earth must be making it all they way to the surface unfettered.
"Gravitons" must be able to pass right through matter.
But that also means the gravitons would pass right through you and anything else on the surface. You would float away - so, that cannot be correct.

If gravitons from the center of the earth did NOT reach the surface - they would NOT have an effect on surface matter of the earth nor anything further out in space - like the moon, period.

Gravitons ~ ~ must be able to pass right through matter ● to reach the surface of matter.

~ ~ ● ~ ~ ( ~ ● ~ ) ~ ~ ● ~ ~

But, that means gravitons have NO effect on mass. They pass right through matter.
"Gravitons" CANNOT be responsible for gravity.

● if gravitons pass through matter: they cannot affect matter. Pooof, no gravity.
● if gravitons DO NOT pass through matter: they cannot have the long distance reach of gravity. Pooof, no gravity.

NOTE: "Curved Spacetime" also gets ruled out in the same exact way, plus a bunch of other ways.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[332] viXra:1902.0421 [pdf] replaced on 2023-03-28 00:35:02

"AI" Physics - Energy Fields (Part 1)

Authors: Brian Strom
Comments: 23 Pages. Some diagrams updated.

In this paper on AI Physics, Artificial Intelligence is used to analyse simple experiments on energy fields (presently referred to as magnetic and electromagnetic fields). The AI searches for trends and patterns in the behavior of energy fields and the interactions between energy fields. The AI first observes the similarities between energy fields surrounding conductors, solenoids, permanent magnets and rotating bodies (such as the Earth). It examines the interactions between various energy fields, proposes new experiments, and predicts results. The AI concludes that energy fields will turn or move, if free to do so, to reduce the net field between them. From the behavior of permanent magnets, it is assumed that this movement will also reduce the total energy of the combined energy fields to a minimum.
Category: Classical Physics

[331] viXra:1902.0420 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-16 19:40:23

Interference Fringes Offset in the Lloyd’s Experiment

Authors: Radi I. Khrapko
Comments: 1 Page. Submitted to JMO

It is shown that a rotation of the Lloyd mirror causes a shift in the interference pattern.
Category: Classical Physics

[330] viXra:1902.0416 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-24 14:15:15

Technische Anwendungen Zur Umwandlung Der Rotationsenergie Der Erde in Elektrische Energie in Theorie Und Praxis Teil 13

Authors: Robert Stach
Comments: 12 Pages.

Aufgezeigt werden Möglichkeiten zur Umwandlung der Rotationsenergie der Erde in elektrische Energie. Die technischen Anlagen nutzen das Prinzip der Präzession. Unter Beibehaltung der Masse weichen dabei die Kreisel der Gravitationskraft aus. Während dieser Bewegung erhalten die Kreisel einen deutlichen Zuwachs an potenzieller Energie, ohne das dafür der Betrag der Gravitationskraft aufgebracht werden muss. Entsprechend dem Drehimpulserhaltungssatzes verkleinert sich dabei die Winkelgeschwindigkeit der Erdrotation und damit auch die Rotationsenergie der Erde. Die Rotationsenergie der Erde verringert sich somit durch eine technisch bedingte Wechselwirkung mit ihrem Erdschwerefeld. Begonnen wird mit den Anlagen der Ringheiligtümer, welche mit wahrscheinlich sehr großen und sehr langsam rotierenden Kreisel ausgestattet waren.
Category: Astrophysics

[329] viXra:1902.0415 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-24 14:32:57

Hybridization Theory of L. Pauling, Chemical Bond and Quantum Mechanics.

Authors: Bezverkhniy Volodymyr Dmytrovych, Bezverkhniy Vitaliy Volodymyrovich.
Comments: 10 Pages.

The theory of hybridization of atomic orbitals of L. Pauling is analyzed using the principle of quantum superposition. It is shown that the principle of quantum superposition, and therefore quantum mechanics as a whole, is in insurmountable contradiction with the theory of hybridization of atomic orbitals. Since the concept of σ- and π-bonds automatically follows from the theory of hybridization, the classical chemical description of single, double and triple bonds (based on σ- and π-bonds) is also in insurmountable contradiction with the principle of quantum superposition.
Category: Quantum Physics

[328] viXra:1902.0413 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-24 15:52:34

Stationary Momentum and the Moment of Momentum in the Field of a Rotating Dipole

Authors: Radi I. Khrapko
Comments: 14 Pages. In Russian. Submitted to "Physics-Uspekhi"

Attention is drawn to the fact that speed and mass are not needed for the existence of momentum, mass flux, and momentum flux, generally speaking. However, a centripetal force is needed for a momentum flux along a curved path even in the absence of speed. In relation to the electromagnetic field of a rotating dipole, it is shown that the known angular momentum flux is not radiation, it is not associated with energy and has an orbital character. Regardless of this flux, there is a spin radiation, not noticed by modern electrodynamics.
Category: Classical Physics

[327] viXra:1902.0412 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-16 20:01:03

Formalny Dowód, że Matematyka, na Której Opiera Się Szczególna Teoria Względności Jest Błędnie Interpretowana (In Polish)

Authors: Roman Szostek
Comments: 34 Pages. This article presents formal proof that STR is a wrong theory (in Polish).

W artykule został przedstawiony formalny dowód tego, że matematyka, na której opiera się Szczególna Teoria Względności (STW) jest współcześnie błędnie interpretowana. Dowód opiera się na analizie znaczenia jakie ma parametr e(v). Zrozumienie znaczenia tego parametru było możliwe dzięki analizie ogólnej postaci transformacji, dla której transformacja Lorentza jest jedynie szczególnym przypadkiem. Jeżeli e(v) ≠ 0 wtedy zegary są w układach inercjalnych rozsynchronizowane. Pomiary, np. jednokierunkowej prędkości, przy pomocy takich zegarów nie dają rzeczywistych wartości.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[326] viXra:1902.0411 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-24 16:54:07

Multifractal Foundation of Effective Field Theory

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 3 Pages. First draft, abstract and plan of work only.

It was recently shown that, regardless of initial conditions, the long-run of multi-variable Renormalization Group flows is prone to end up on strange attractors. In this context, multifractals (MF) become suitable means for the characterization of effective field theories, in particular the Standard Model of particle physics (SM). It is known that typical MF’s are studied using concepts such as singularity spectrum and Rényi entropy. Exploiting the definition of canonical mass dimension, here we show that the separation of gauge and the Higgs bosons from fermions stems from the underlying geometry of the singularity spectrum. Our analysis supports the view that, near the electroweak scale, SM emerges as topological condensate of multifractal dimensions and that Dark Matter is a manifestation of Cantor Dust.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[325] viXra:1902.0409 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-24 21:44:41

Toward New Thought for the Unified Theory of Electromagnetic Field and Gravitational Field (Ⅱ) (Theory of Classical Field in KR Space)

Authors: Ho Dong Jo, Chol Song Kim
Comments: 22 Pages.

In this paper, we analyzed the difficulties of Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory and Einstein’s gravitational theory in detail, built a unified theory of field including consistent nonlinear electromagnetic theory and gravitational theory on the basis of new starting postulates, and extended these results into quantum electrodynamics. In this process, we accepted a new geometrical space in which metric tensor and all main physical functions becomes implicit function, called “KR space” conforming to our starting postulates, and normalization of implicit functions in order to connect all physical functions defined in this space with real world. Here, we naturally unraveled problem of radiation reaction, a historical difficult problem of Maxwell-Lorentz theory, established new quantum electrodynamics without renormalization procedure and also predicted some new theoretical consequences which could not find in traditional theories.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[324] viXra:1902.0407 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-25 01:31:23

2019 Indian Parliament Election Manifesto

Authors: Acharya Sennimalai Kalimuthu[ Anantha Anantha ]
Comments: 01 Pages. NA

This is the Covering Letter for the article which has been previously submitted.
Category: Economics and Finance

[323] viXra:1902.0406 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-25 03:49:20

Distribution od Prime Numbers.

Authors: Dariusz Gołofit
Comments: 8 Pages.

If we elimate an ordered subset from the ordered set, we will receive a subset od orderly character.
Category: Number Theory

[322] viXra:1902.0405 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-25 03:54:25

Power od the Set of Prime Numbers.

Authors: Dariusz Gołofit
Comments: 12 Pages.

If we elimate an ordered subset from the ordered set, we will receive a subset od orderly character.
Category: Number Theory

[321] viXra:1902.0404 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-25 05:12:29

2019 Indian Parliamanet Election Manifesto

Authors: Acharya Sennimalai Kalimuthu[ Anantha Anantha ]
Comments: 05 Pages. NA

This is an election manifesto 2019 to Indian parliament.
Category: Economics and Finance

[320] viXra:1902.0403 [pdf] replaced on 2019-09-30 12:20:05

Human Structure from an Esoteric Point of View

Authors: Somsikov A.I.
Comments: 12 Pages. -

Mutual arrangement of thin and dense bodies. Since ancient times it has been believed that a human being consists of two qualitatively different parts, body and soul, also called dense and thin body. The dense body is easy to perceive and observe under normal lighting, and the thin body is not observable, although it seems to be perceived under special conditions as an apparition. Like something that seems to be non-existent has appeared. As a result, its very existence may be denied. But the air is also invisible because of its low density, but we do not doubt its material nature, even if it is thin.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[319] viXra:1902.0401 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-16 08:32:36

Three-Dimensional Quadrics in Conformal Geometric Algebras and Their Versor Transformations

Authors: Eckhard Hitzer
Comments: 16 Pages. published in Adv. of App. Cliff. Algs., 29:46, pp. 1-16, 2019. DOI: 10.1007/s00006-019-0964-1, 1 table.

This work explains how three dimensional quadrics can be defined by the outer products of conformal geometric algebra points in higher dimensions. These multivector expressions code all types of quadrics in arbitrary scale, location and orientation. Furthermore, a newly modified (compared to Breuils et al, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00006-018-0851-1.) approach now allows not only the use of the standard intersection operations, but also of versor operators (scaling, rotation, translation). The new algebraic form of the theory will be explained in detail.
Category: Geometry

[318] viXra:1902.0399 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-23 09:44:45

Toward New Thought for the Unified Theory of Electromagnetic Field and Gravitational Field ( Ⅰ ) (Starting Postulates and Lagrangian for Unified Theory of Field)

Authors: Ho Dong Jo, Chol Song Kim
Comments: 25 Pages.

In this paper, we analyzed the difficulties of Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory and Einstein’s gravitational theory in detail, built a unified theory of field including consistent nonlinear electromagnetic theory and gravitational theory on the basis of new starting postulates, and extended these results into quantum electrodynamics. In this process, we accepted a new geometrical space in which metric tensor and all main physical functions becomes implicit function, called “KR space” conforming to our starting postulates, and normalization of implicit functions in order to connect all physical functions defined in this space with real world. Here, we naturally unraveled problem of radiation reaction, a historical difficult problem of Maxwell-Lorentz theory, established new quantum electrodynamics without renormalization procedure and also predicted some new theoretical consequences which could not find in traditional theories.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[317] viXra:1902.0398 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-02 03:26:20

On Highly Relativistic Deep Electrons

Authors: Jean-Luc Paillet, Andrew Meulenberg
Comments: 16 Pages. To be published in JCMNS 29 (2019)

We address a number of questions relating to the progress of our study on the relativistic-electron deep orbits (EDOs): - How to combine different EM potentials having two possible versions (attractive and repulsive), while rejecting unrealistic energies? - What about the angular momentum of the deep electrons? How is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation satisfied in these EDOs? - From where is extracted the high kinetic energy (of order 100 MeV) of the deep-orbit electrons? - What is the behavior of the effective potential Veff as a function of distance to the nucleus? - What is the order of magnitude of the radiative corrections for the EDO’s? - What is the relation between EDO solutions of the Dirac equation and the high energy resonances (with high binding energies) corresponding to a semi-classical local minimum of energy?
Category: Mathematical Physics

[316] viXra:1902.0396 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-23 17:35:29

Integrable Neural Networks: Paradigm Shift

Authors: Eddie Witten Jr
Comments: 69 Pages.

We study integrable deformations of convolutional neural networks. We obtain the non-perturbative S-matrix of QCD and prove the Riemann hypothesis.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[315] viXra:1902.0395 [pdf] replaced on 2022-01-27 07:08:56

On the ABC Conjecture: The Iron Law of Sines, or Using Collatz Conjecture to solve the ABC Conjecture

Authors: Nicholas R. Wright
Comments: 7 Pages.

This proof identifies the three solutions to the three ABC-conjecture formulations. Given that the ABC-conjecture’s relevance to a slew of unsolved problems, other equations will be proven by inspection. Aside from the ABC conjecture, this proof will solve for a hypothetical Moore graph of diameter 2, girth 5, degree 57 and order 3250 (degree-diameter problem); the Collatz conjecture; and the Beal conjecture. Discussion and conclusion will review a unifying solution by spectral graph theory.
Category: Number Theory

[314] viXra:1902.0394 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-23 20:30:32

Considerations, for the Beautiful

Authors: Tariq Khan
Comments: 3 Pages.

"For over a thousand years Roman conquerors returning from the wars enjoyed the honor of triumph, a tumultuous parade. In the procession came trumpeters, musicians and strange animals from conquered territories, together with carts laden with treasure and captured armaments. The conquerors rode in a triumphal chariot, the dazed prisoners walking in chains before him. Sometimes his children robed in white stood with him in the chariot or rode the trace horses. A slave stood behind the conqueror holding a golden crown and whispering in his ear a warning: that all glory is fleeting." - Gen. George C. Patton
Category: Social Science

[313] viXra:1902.0392 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-24 01:39:48

Probing DNA Using UTM Related Concepts Based on HOL/Scala/JVM/Jikes RVM in the Context of Investigating Theoretical Aspects of Gene Therapy.

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 2 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

Probing DNA Using UTM Related Concepts Based on HOL/Scala/JVM/Jikes RVM in the Context of Investigating Theoretical Aspects of Gene Therapy.
Category: Physics of Biology

[312] viXra:1902.0391 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-24 01:53:32

Communication Dimensions of Matter, Energy and Information

Authors: Vladimir Aksayskiy
Comments: 2 Pages.

The article provides some thoughts about the physical meaning of information. On the basis of human empirical knowledge, a frivolous equation of the dimensional connection of matter to energy and information is proposed. From the equation it follows that in a closed system information has the dimension of the square of the impulse. In an open, evolving system, information has the dimension of the square of force. Within the framework of this interpretation, knowledge is power, ready for action. In addition, it becomes possible to more clearly distinguish information from the message. The message, in contrast to information, obeys the Landauer principle, according to which any generator, transmitter, and receiver of a message is a heat source within the framework of a black body model.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[311] viXra:1902.0390 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-16 21:21:15

Twin Prime Conjecture Proof

Authors: ZhangAik, Leet_Noob
Comments: 2 Pages.

The elementary proof to the twin conjecture.
Category: Number Theory

[310] viXra:1902.0388 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-24 03:47:39

A Potential Resolution for the Labour and Civil Servant Problem in the Industrialized Information Society of Europe.

Authors: Johan Noldus
Comments: 4 Pages.

The problem of European politics and transmigration is addressed.
Category: Social Science

[309] viXra:1902.0387 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-24 04:56:34

Quantum States and Energy Levels in Hydrogen Atom

Authors: Daniele Sasso
Comments: 17 Pages.

In this paper we will calculate energy levels of electron relative to hydrogen atom making use of the four quantum numbers of the deterministic quantum model. Calculations prove in a few situations quantum states with different quantum numbers can have the same value of total energy and a few sub-levels of a more external level can precede sub-levels of more internal levels. Calculations prove also the electron in the fundamental state 1s1, in order to jump to the state 5q10 needs a photon with energy E=13.08 eV= 20.93۰10-19 J, that is in the ultraviolet band.
Category: Quantum Physics

[308] viXra:1902.0386 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-22 06:21:37

Diversity of Ensembles for Data Stream Classification

Authors: Mohamed Souhayel Abassi
Comments: 9 Pages.

When constructing a classifier ensemble, diversity among the base classifiers is one of the important characteristics. Several studies have been made in the context of standard static data, in particular when analyzing the relationship between a high ensemble predictive performance and the diversity of its components. Besides, ensembles of learning machines have been performed to learn in the presence of concept drift and adapt to it. However,diversity measureshave not received much research interest for evolving data streams. Only a few researchers directly consider promoting diversity while constructing an ensemble or rebuilding them in the moment of detecting drifts. In this paper, we present a theoretical analysis of different diversity measures and relate them to the success of ensemble learning algorithms for streaming data. The analysis provides a deeper understanding of the concept of diversity and its impact on online ensemble Learning in the presence of concept drift. More precisely, we are interested in answering the following research question; Which commonly used diversity measures are used in the context of static-data ensembles and how far are they applicable in the context of streaming data ensembles?
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[307] viXra:1902.0385 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-22 08:31:27

Proton's Pressure Distribution

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

For the first time, MIT physicists have calculated a proton's pressure distribution, and found that the particle contains a highly pressurized core that, at its most intense point, is generating greater pressures than are found inside a neutron star. [30] The nuclear force that holds protons and neutrons together in the center of atoms has a non-central component—the tensor force, which depends on the spin and relative position of the interacting particles. [29] Physicists at the TU Darmstadt and their collaboration partners have performed laser spectroscopy on cadmium isotopes to confirm an improved model of the atomic nucleus. [28]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[306] viXra:1902.0384 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-22 08:54:42

Laser-Driven Particle Accelerator

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

Researchers at LMU have built the first-ever laser-driven particle accelerator that can generate pairs of electron beams with different energies. [43] These measurements provide a rich source of information on the QCD processes that bind heavy quarks into hadrons. For more information about the results visit the CMS webpage. [42] Experiments in astrophysics and nuclear and particle physics are crucial to analyse how the universe works. [41]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[305] viXra:1902.0383 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-22 10:16:58

Magnetization Reversal by Electric Field

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology have achieved magnetization reversal in cobalt-substituted bismuth ferrite by applying an electric field. [31] A team of scientists has discovered the first robust example of a new type of magnet—one that holds promise for enhancing the performance of data storage technologies. [30] Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have been attracting a lot of attention recently. This is because of the increased demand for faster, longer-lasting and lower-energy IT systems, and the need for higher data storage capacity. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[304] viXra:1902.0382 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-22 10:46:24

Spatiotemporal Signal Networks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Past studies have found that a variety of complex networks, from biological systems to social media networks, can exhibit universal topological characteristics. [32] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology have achieved magnetization reversal in cobalt-substituted bismuth ferrite by applying an electric field. [31] A team of scientists has discovered the first robust example of a new type of magnet—one that holds promise for enhancing the performance of data storage technologies. [30] Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have been attracting a lot of attention recently. This is because of the increased demand for faster, longer-lasting and lower-energy IT systems, and the need for higher data storage capacity. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[303] viXra:1902.0381 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-22 11:05:47

Wave Reflections with Metamirrors

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

The experimental validation reported in this study by Díaz-Rubio et al. is the first implementation of an anomalous reflective acoustic metamirror that could overcome the efficiency limits of the previous GSL-based designs. [27] Physicists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have "flash-frozen" a flat crystal of 150 beryllium ions (electrically charged atoms), opening new possibilities for simulating magnetism at the quantum scale and sensing signals from mysterious dark matter. [26]
Category: Condensed Matter

[302] viXra:1902.0380 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-19 11:12:51

It is Easier to Verify the Solution Than to Find it - I

Authors: Valdir Monteiro dos Santos Godoi
Comments: 10 Pages. In portuguese.

Introducing the concepts of variable languages and languages with semantic we presented an original proof of the famous P versus NP problem of Computer Science. This proof don't implies that the NP-complete problems not belongs to P, so the P versus NP-complete problem remains open, as well as it is possible (perhaps) to solve the SAT problem in polynomial time.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[301] viXra:1902.0377 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-23 04:00:18

Topological Quantum Magnet

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Taking their name from an intricate Japanese basket pattern, kagome magnets are thought to have electronic properties that could be valuable for future quantum devices and applications. [30] A team of Cambridge researchers have found a way to control the sea of nuclei in semiconductor quantum dots so they can operate as a quantum memory device. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems—donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27]
Category: Quantum Physics

[300] viXra:1902.0376 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-23 04:25:50

Neural Network Recognize Images

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Physicists from Petrozavodsk State University have proposed a new method for oscillatory neural network to recognize simple images. Such networks with an adjustable synchronous state of individual neurons have, presumably, dynamics similar to neurons in the living brain. [27] Navid Borhani, a research-team member, says this machine learning approach is much simpler than other methods to reconstruct images passed through optical fibers, which require making a holographic measurement of the output. [26]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[299] viXra:1902.0375 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-23 04:36:07

Gravitational Wave Event

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 24 Pages.

An international research team including astronomers from the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, Germany, has combined radio telescopes from five continents to prove the existence of a narrow stream of material, a so-called jet, emerging from the only gravitational wave event involving two neutron stars ever observed. [20] The improvement will see the twin observatories — located near Hanford, Washington and Livingston, Louisiana in the US – double their sensitivity to gravitational waves. [19]
Category: Astrophysics

[298] viXra:1902.0374 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-23 04:49:25

Higher Order Sequence Of Primes

Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi
Comments: 2 Pages.

In this research manuscript, the author has presented a novel notion of Higher Order Prime Numbers.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[297] viXra:1902.0373 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-23 04:58:58

Toxic Mitochondrial Proteins

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 68 Pages.

Researchers at the University of Helsinki uncovered the mechanisms for a novel cellular stress response arising from the toxicity of newly synthesized proteins. [38] Scientists have long sought to develop drug therapies that can more precisely diagnose, target and effectively treat life-threatening illness such as cancer, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. [37] Skin cells taken from patients with a rare genetic disorder are up to ten times more sensitive to damage from ultraviolet A (AVA) radiation in laboratory tests, than those from a healthy population, according to new research from the University of Bath. [36]
Category: Physics of Biology

[296] viXra:1902.0372 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-23 05:14:04

Deep Ultraviolet LEDs

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

Deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV-LEDs) made from aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) efficiently transfer electrical energy to optical energy due to the growth of one of its bottom layers in a step-like fashion. [25] A variety of laser-based techniques can be used to produce colorful artwork on metals. [24] An international team of researchers led out of Macquarie University has demonstrated a new approach for converting ordinary laser light into genuine quantum light. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[295] viXra:1902.0371 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-21 07:40:13

The Role of Radiated Non-Linear Electromagnetic Waves from Initial Dnas in Formation of the Little Brain, Neural Circuits and Other Decision Centers: Determining Time of Death by Considering Evolutions of Waves of Death

Authors: Alireza Sepehri
Comments: 22 Pages.

In this research, we find that after formation of initial DNAs of chick embryo, they exchange electromagnetic signals with medium and each other. In fact, each gene of these DNAs act like the reciever or sender of radio waves. To control the process of transferring information, some circuits are emerged that each circuit depends on the activity of one gene. Because of various types of emitted waves, each neuron has several types of terminals in dendrite and axon to receive and send these waves. Before formation of neurons, initial informations are transmitted by blood molecules. Because of the role of blood molecules in transferring initial information, first circuits are formed on the heart and build the little brain . However, eventually, some circuits are emerged on the head which construct the brain. We bring some reasons for the existence of the little brain. We connect a chick embryo to an scope and observe evolutions of waves during formation of the little brain and the main brain. In absence of brain, the little brain emit some signals, while by passing time and formation of brain, the interaction between these systems leads to an increase in radiated waves. Then, we put two shell-less cultures of chick embryos in an inductor, apply a magnetic field to both of them and show that little brains of these systems interact with each other and change the value of output magnetic field and currents. Next, we consider signals of the little brain of the birds during removing their heads. We find that always, brain send some signals to the little brain and inform it of the end of life. However, if removing is done suddenly, these waves couldnt be exchanged and heart continue to work. This produce some hopes to cure patients.
Category: Mind Science

[294] viXra:1902.0370 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-21 09:48:48

The G-connections

Authors: Antoine Balan
Comments: 1 page, written in english

We define the notion of G-connections over vector fiber bundles with action of a Lie group G.
Category: Geometry

[293] viXra:1902.0369 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-21 10:11:40

Alpha Particle Condensates in Oxygen

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 45 Pages.

When the nucleus gets nearly enough energy to disintegrate into alpha particles, the alpha particles can arrange themselves in the lowest possible quantum energy level, forming a Bose-Einstein condensate. [31] A careful re-analysis of data taken at the Department of Energy's Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility has revealed a possible link between correlated protons and neutrons in the nucleus and a 35-year-old mystery. [30]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[292] viXra:1902.0368 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-21 10:48:17

Neutron Decay and Neutrino Problem

Authors: Ilgaitis Prūsis, Peteris Prūsis
Comments: 3 pages

In contemporary physics, it is assumed that the decay of neutrons is a proof of electron neutrino existence. The article has shown that in this case a mass defect of a proton may have a different cause, i.e., a negative mass of a positron. The hypothesis of an electron neutrino is not necessary.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[291] viXra:1902.0367 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-21 11:04:40

Regulating Neural Stem Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 64 Pages.

The use of stem cells to repair organs is one of the foremost goals of modern regenerative medicine. [35] Using new technology to reveal the 3-D organization of DNA in maturing male reproductive cells, scientists revealed a crucial period in development that helps explain how fathers pass on genetic information to future generations. [34] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Down syndrome is the most common birth defect, occurring once in every 700 births. [33]
Category: Physics of Biology

[290] viXra:1902.0366 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-21 11:23:53

Qualitative Model Microscopic Jumps

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

A team of researchers from Universite de Lyon and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique has developed a qualitative model to describe microscopic "jumps" that happen when adhesive tape is unwound from a roll. [22] University of Illinois Professor Harry Hilton brought together several mathematical and physical theories to help look at problems in more unified ways and solve physical engineering problems. [21] A team of physicists from RUDN, JINR (Dubna), and the University of Hamburg (Germany) developed a mathematical model for describing physical processes in hybrid systems that consists of atoms and ions cooled down to temperatures close to absolute zero. [20]
Category: Condensed Matter

[289] viXra:1902.0365 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-21 11:42:57

Genetic Disease Protection

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

Skin cells taken from patients with a rare genetic disorder are up to ten times more sensitive to damage from ultraviolet A (AVA) radiation in laboratory tests, than those from a healthy population, according to new research from the University of Bath. [36] The use of stem cells to repair organs is one of the foremost goals of modern regenerative medicine. [35] Using new technology to reveal the 3-D organization of DNA in maturing male reproductive cells, scientists revealed a crucial period in development that helps explain how fathers pass on genetic information to future generations. [34]
Category: Physics of Biology

[288] viXra:1902.0361 [pdf] replaced on 2020-01-01 20:04:03

In the Proof of the "Principle of Relativity of Poincare" there is a Logical Error.

Authors: Genrih Leonidovich Arutyunov
Comments: 1 Page.

The article "In the Proof of the" Principle of Relativity of Poincare "there is a Logical Error" is erroneous. This article was written hurriedly and without due thought, taking into account the Poincare theory that I presented, and in case Poincare has a mistake in a simple logic. As follows from my subsequent articles, Poincarehas no mistake at the indicated location
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[287] viXra:1902.0357 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-22 00:17:05

Universal Forecasting Scheme For Any Time Series Sequence Using The Ananda-Damayanthi-Radha-Rohith Rishi Sequence Trends Of Any Set Of Positive Real Numbers {Version 2)

Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi
Comments: 8 Pages.

In this research investigation, the author has detailed the Theory Of Universal Forecasting Scheme For Any Time Series Sequence Using The Ananda-Damayanthi-Radha-Rohith Rishi Sequence Trends Of Any Set Of Positive Real Numbers.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[286] viXra:1902.0356 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-22 01:33:23

Disease-Sensing Nanomaterials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 67 Pages.

Scientists have long sought to develop drug therapies that can more precisely diagnose, target and effectively treat life-threatening illness such as cancer, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases. [37] Skin cells taken from patients with a rare genetic disorder are up to ten times more sensitive to damage from ultraviolet A (AVA) radiation in laboratory tests, than those from a healthy population, according to new research from the University of Bath. [36] The use of stem cells to repair organs is one of the foremost goals of modern regenerative medicine. [35]
Category: Physics of Biology

[285] viXra:1902.0355 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-22 02:32:47

Quantum Dances of Semiconductor

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

A team of Cambridge researchers have found a way to control the sea of nuclei in semiconductor quantum dots so they can operate as a quantum memory device. [29] Researchers successfully integrated the systems—donor atoms and quantum dots. [28] A team of researchers including U of A engineering and physics faculty has developed a new method of detecting single photons, or light particles, using quantum dots. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[284] viXra:1902.0353 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-22 03:07:00

Coldest Quantum Gas Molecules

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 24 Pages.

JILA researchers have made a long-lived, record-cold gas of molecules that follow the wave patterns of quantum mechanics instead of the strictly particle nature of ordinary classical physics. [15] Physicists at ETH Zurich have developed an experimental platform for studying the complex phases of a quantum gas characterized by two order parameters. [14] Now, a team at JQI led by postdoctoral researcher Seiji Sugawa and JQI Fellow Ian Spielman have succeeded in emulating a Yang monopole with an ultracold gas of rubidium atoms. [13]
Category: Quantum Physics

[283] viXra:1902.0352 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-22 03:29:14

Quantum Dot Clone-Like Photons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

In the global quest to develop practical computing and communications devices based on the principles of quantum physics, one potentially useful component has proved elusive: a source of individual particles of light with perfectly constant, predictable, and steady characteristics. [27] Recent research from Kumamoto University in Japan has revealed that polyoxometalates (POMs), typically used for catalysis, electrochemistry, and photochemistry, may also be used in a technique for analyzing quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence (PL) emission mechanisms. [26] Researchers have designed a new type of laser called a quantum dot ring laser that emits red, orange, and green light. [25]
Category: Quantum Physics

[282] viXra:1902.0351 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-22 04:22:01

Gravitational Wave Hubble Constant

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 23 Pages.

Simulations by an international team of researchers have shown that new measurements of gravitational waves could finally resolve the discrepancy in Hubble’s constant reported using different measurement techniques. [20] The improvement will see the twin observatories — located near Hanford, Washington and Livingston, Louisiana in the US – double their sensitivity to gravitational waves. [19] A group of scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute (NBI) at the University of Copenhagen will soon start developing a new line of technical equipment in order to dramatically improve gravitational wave detectors. [18]
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[281] viXra:1902.0350 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-20 06:43:54

Universal Forecasting Scheme For Any Time Series Sequence Using The Ananda-Damayanthi-Radha-Rohith Rishi Sequence Trends Of Any Set Of Positive Real Numbers

Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi
Comments: 7 Pages.

In this research investigation, the author has detailed the Theory Of Universal Forecasting Scheme For Any Time Series Sequence Using The Ananda-Damayanthi-Radha-Rohith Rishi Sequence Trends Of Any Set Of Positive Real Numbers.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[280] viXra:1902.0349 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-20 07:17:11

The Electric Universe by Electric Dark Matter Big Bang Black Holes of Quantum FFF Theory.

Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 29 Pages.

The Electric Universe theory (EU) for years is a well-known “out of the box” model and subject of criticism for professionals in the field. Examples of some criticized subjects of EU: 1, The introduction of an all-pervasive Ether, 2, the non-expansion of the universe, 3, General relativity (GR) is wrong, 4, dipole gravity, etcetera. However, Quantum FFF Theory has similar but more complex “out of the box” assumptions described as follows: 1, The Zero Point Energy (ZPE) based oscillating Axion-Higgs Ether created by the explosion of the Electric Dark Matter Big Bang Black Hole, 2, The pulsating cyclic super symmetric raspberry shaped multiverse, 3, Einstein Rosen bridges are the same as EPR entanglement between CP symmetric universal bubbles. 4, Gravity/Mass related variable lightspeed, (LASOF) Local Anti-Symmetric Oscillating Vacuum Frame 5, The Bell interpretation of Special Relativity, (real relativistic length contraction) 6, Multiple directional dual pressure gravity, (dipole gravity) 7, Black holes repel fermions and but eat bosons and the vacuum. 8, All particles and fields are based on real 3D rigid strings, transformable by mutual collision. Reason for a more detailed comparison and extension of the Electric Universes model.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[279] viXra:1902.0348 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-20 07:31:03

Machine Learning Heavy Nuclei

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 22 Pages.

A collaboration between the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) and the Department of Statistics and Probability (STT) at Michigan State University (MSU) estimated the boundaries of nuclear existence by applying statistical analysis to nuclear models, and assessed the impact of current and future FRIB experiments. [9] A trio of students from the University of Glasgow have developed a sophisticated artificial intelligence which could underpin the next phase of gravitational wave astronomy. [8]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[278] viXra:1902.0346 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-20 08:02:54

Compressed Material Conducts Heating

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

In the latest wrinkle to be discovered in cubic boron arsenide, the unusual material contradicts the traditional rules that govern heat conduction, according to a new report by Boston College researchers in today's edition of the journal Nature Communications. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22]
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[277] viXra:1902.0345 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-24 19:26:10

Memristor Circuit Equations with Periodic Forcing

Authors: Makoto Itoh
Comments: 114 Pages.

In this paper, we show that the dynamics of a wide variety of nonlinear systems such as engineering, physical, chemical, biological, and ecological systems, can be simulated or modeled by the dynamics of memristor circuits. It has the advantage that we can apply nonlinear circuit theory to analyze the dynamics of memristor circuits. Applying an external source to these memristor circuits, they exhibit complex behavior, such as chaos and non-periodic oscillation. If the memristor circuits have an integral invariant, they can exhibit quasi-periodic or non-periodic behavior by the sinusoidal forcing. Their behavior greatly depends on the initial conditions, the parameters, and the maximum step size of the numerical integration. Furthermore, an overflow is likely to occur due to the numerical instability in long-time simulations. In order to generate a non-periodic oscillation, we have to choose the initial conditions, the parameters, and the maximum step size, carefully. We also show that we can reconstruct chaotic attractors by using the terminal voltage and current of the memristor. Furthermore, in many memristor circuits, the active memristor switches between passive and active modes of operation, depending on its terminal voltage. We can measure its complexity order by defining the binary coding for the operation modes. By using this coding, we show that the memristor's operation modes exhibit the higher complexity, in the forced memristor Toda lattice equations and the forced memristor Van der Pol equations. Furthermore, the memristor has the special operation modes in the memristor Chua circuit.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[276] viXra:1902.0344 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-20 10:46:26

Quantum Engine Performance

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

Now, researchers in the UK and Israel have created miniscule engines within a block of synthetic diamond, and have shown that electronic superposition can boost their power beyond that of classical devices. [24] In the latest wrinkle to be discovered in cubic boron arsenide, the unusual material contradicts the traditional rules that govern heat conduction, according to a new report by Boston College researchers in today's edition of the journal Nature Communications. [23]
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[275] viXra:1902.0343 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-20 11:12:17

Power Transfer Mechanism Using Probes

Authors: Sumedha
Comments: 3 Pages. Space based power transfer

The failure of power systems in most of the satellite missions is the reason behind mission failure. Since the power transfer method using another satellite by the method of rendezvous and docking can be introduced considering the concept of the surrounding particle conditions.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[274] viXra:1902.0342 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-20 11:27:57

Flash-Freeze Crystal

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Physicists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have "flash-frozen" a flat crystal of 150 beryllium ions (electrically charged atoms), opening new possibilities for simulating magnetism at the quantum scale and sensing signals from mysterious dark matter. [26] Karimi's team has successfully built and operated the first-ever quantum simulator designed specifically for simulating cyclic (ringed-shaped) systems. [25] A new Tel Aviv University study explores the generation and propagation of excitons in 2D materials within an unprecedented small time frame and at an extraordinarily high spatial resolution. [24]
Category: Quantum Physics

[273] viXra:1902.0341 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-20 11:44:10

Matter-Wave Diffraction Planes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

Researchers at Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), in Korea, and Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, in Germany, have recently conducted a study investigating matter-wave diffraction from a periodic array of half planes. [27] Physicists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have "flash-frozen" a flat crystal of 150 beryllium ions (electrically charged atoms), opening new possibilities for simulating magnetism at the quantum scale and sensing signals from mysterious dark matter. [26]
Category: Quantum Physics

[272] viXra:1902.0340 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-20 12:57:25

Correlated Nucleons Mystery

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

A careful re-analysis of data taken at the Department of Energy's Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility has revealed a possible link between correlated protons and neutrons in the nucleus and a 35-year-old mystery. [30] The nuclear force that holds protons and neutrons together in the center of atoms has a non-central component—the tensor force, which depends on the spin and relative position of the interacting particles. [29]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[271] viXra:1902.0339 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-20 13:17:52

Superconduction Have to be Cold

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

TU Wien has now made a major advance towards achieving this goal and, at the same time, has furthered an understanding of why conventional materials only become superconducting at around -200°C [18] The emerging field of spintronics leverages electron spin and magnetization. [17] The first known superconductor in which spin-3/2 quasiparticles form Cooper pairs has been created by physicists in the US and New Zealand. [16]
Category: Quantum Physics

[270] viXra:1902.0338 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-05 11:08:54

The Aether

Authors: Jeremy Fiennes
Comments: 51 Pages.

The existence of the electromagnetic aether is argued from two standpoints. Conceptual, based on the nature of physical waves. And practical: the various experimental measurements that demonstrate it. Possible reasons for the strange nulli¬fication of the positive 1887 Michelson-Morley aether-wind result are discussed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[269] viXra:1902.0337 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-05 11:05:12

Einstein's Terrible Twins and Other Tales of Relativistic Woe

Authors: Jeremy Fiennes
Comments: 83 Pages.

Einstein's Special Relativity is based on two fundamental assumptions, the so-called 'Einstein postulates'. The second 'constant speed of light' postulate predicts that two inertial observers – for instance two twins in spaceships free-floating in outer space – will each see the other's clock running slower than his own. The first 'relativity' postulate says that both their perceptions are equally valid, effectively correct. The logical incoherence of this makes a nonsense of the postulates, and by exten¬sion of Special Relativity itself. The positive 1887 Michelson-Morley result confirms this experimentally, falsifying both Einstein's postulates. In spite of which, more than a century later Special Relativity is still an official scientific doctrine, and Einstein a scientific genius. The article derives the technical aspects of Relativity; and then looks at the historical, political, social and per¬sonal factors that led up to the present situation. The approach is concep¬tual and 98% non-mathematical. Companion articles look at the related topics of the aether and spacetime.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[268] viXra:1902.0336 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-05 11:12:13

Space, Time, Universes

Authors: Jeremy Fiennes
Comments: 24 Pages.

The first part of the article looks at the concepts of 'space' and 'time' in general, suggesting workable definitions. The second part develops diagrammatic repres¬¬en¬¬tations for 1-, 2- and 3-d static and expanding universes. It ends with dis¬cus¬sions of gravity and time travel.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[267] viXra:1902.0335 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-21 00:02:51

Hubble Law, Doppler Effect, and the Model of “HOT” Universe: Errors in Cosmology

Authors: Temur Z. Kalanov
Comments: 19 Pages.

The critical analysis of the foundations of cosmology is proposed. The unity of formal logic and rational dialectics is the correct methodological basis for the analysis. The main results of the analysis are as follows: (1) the Hubble law represents the formal-logical error because the Hubble formula contradicts to the correct definition of the speed of motion of the material object; (2) the Doppler effect represents the physical error because the speed of motion of the photon does not depend on the speed of motion of the radiating atom. The correct explanation of the red shift is that the frequency shift of the radiation is the result of a shift in the energy spectrum of the radiating atom; (3) the theory of “hot” Universe represents the physical error because the Universe is the “cold” Universe at any point of time. The correct explanation is that the background radiation is described by the Planck function (Planck's formula). The Planck function (Planck's formula) characterizes the equilibrium state of the isolated and closed macroscopic system “photon gas + gas of radiating atoms” (where temperature is the statistical temperature of the radiating atom). Consequently: (a) the Universe represents the isolated and closed system at any point of time; (b) the total energy of the Universe is a conserved quantity at any point of time; (c) the low temperature of substance in the Universe is a conserved quantity at any point of time. These results signify that the correct physical theory of the Universe cannot be created.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[266] viXra:1902.0334 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-21 02:18:14

Spacetime Transcription of Physical Fields

Authors: Vu B Ho
Comments: 9 Pages.

In this work we discuss possible relationships between physical fields and substructures of the spatiotemporal manifold. We show that physical fields are possibly formed according to designed patterns from the substructures of spacetime in a process may be termed as spacetime transcription. We will formulate and illustrate how spacetime transcriptions can be formulated for the case of the electromagnetic and Dirac field. Even though the formulation in this work is rather suggestive, and a rigorous representation would require a comprehensive development in terms of geometrical and topological dynamics in differential geometry and topology, the work initiates a new approach to establishing intimate relationships between physical fields and spacetime structures.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[265] viXra:1902.0333 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-21 02:20:43

A Geometric Interpretation of the de Broglie Wavelength

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle
Comments: 5 Pages.

While the de Broglie wavelength pops up in various fundamental quantun-mechanical equations, a solid geometric interpretation of it has so far evaded us. This paper (part of an upcoming) book may help to crack the nut.
Category: Quantum Physics

[264] viXra:1902.0331 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-28 02:16:07

On the Experimental Study of Nonlocality in Quantum Physics

Authors: V.A. Kuz`menko
Comments: 3 Pages.

It is proposed to continue the experimental study of the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect in order to identify the nonlocal properties of the memory of quantum systems.
Category: Quantum Physics

[263] viXra:1902.0330 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-21 04:46:17

Necessity of Unification of Physical Fields and Knotty Points in Classical Theory of Field

Authors: Ho Dong Jo, Chol Song Kim
Comments: 10 Pages.

We showed, through a simple example for creation and annihilation of particles well known in physics, why classical fields and further all physical fields must be unified. Also, we considered the difficulties of the present electromagnetic field theory and gravitational field theory in the view that the total energy of matter and all fields produced by it must be finite and be conserved. Unified field theory to be built in the future should be a true theory in which all those difficulties were removed.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[262] viXra:1902.0329 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-21 04:58:51

Neutron Scattering Research

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

Scientists using neutron scattering methods to look at the behavior of materials under stress or during phase changes and chemical reactions can view processes from new angles using event-based data. [17] The mineral sample was synthesized by Florida State University graduate student Lianyang Dong. [16] Scientists at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, recently reengineered their data processing, demonstrating that 16 million atoms were entangled in a one-centimetre crystal. [15]
Category: Condensed Matter

[261] viXra:1902.0327 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-18 06:31:53

Vortex Gradient Formula

Authors: Sandro Antonelli
Comments: 4 Pages.

We expound the gradient of Vorticity tensor formula in general coordinates as treated in relativistic mechanics
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[260] viXra:1902.0326 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-20 04:49:03

Comment on “Flat Rotation Curve Without Dark Matter: the Generalized Newton’s Law of Gravitation”

Authors: M.E. Hassani
Comments: 4 Pages ; 4 References

In a relatively recent article by Arbab I. Arbab (Astrophys. Space Sci. 355, 343, 2015), the author claimed that the problem of flat rotation curve could be solved in the context of the so-called‘generalized Newton's law of gravitation’ without resorting to the dark matter. However, the present comment proves more conclusively that the proposed formulae and the calculations are physico-mathematically wrong. Consequently, the author's claim is mathematically and physically highly questionable.
Category: Astrophysics

[259] viXra:1902.0325 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-19 05:42:38

Quantized Heating in Quantum Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22] "We studied two systems: a Bose-Einstein condensate with 100,000 atoms confined in a cavity and an optomechanical cavity that confines light between two mirrors," Gabriel Teixeira Landi, a professor at the University of São Paulo's Physics Institute (IF-USP), told. [21]
Category: Quantum Physics

[258] viXra:1902.0324 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-19 07:29:00

Laser Light into Quantum Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

An international team of researchers led out of Macquarie University has demonstrated a new approach for converting ordinary laser light into genuine quantum light. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[257] viXra:1902.0323 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-19 08:11:26

Nano-Droplets Controlling Membrane

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

Researchers at Eindhoven University of Technology now have a clear picture of the entire process. Membrane formation turns out to start with nano-droplets in the water with a higher concentration of soap-like molecules. [33] An international research team has found a way to make light frequency conversion at the nanoscale 100 times more efficient. [32] The precision of measuring nanoscopic structures could be substantially improved, thanks to research involving the University of Warwick and QuantIC researchers at the University of Glasgow and Heriot Watt University into optical sensing. [31]
Category: Condensed Matter

[256] viXra:1902.0322 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-19 09:26:18

Cross Entropy of Belief Function

Authors: Fan Liu, Yangxue Li, Yong Deng
Comments: 12 Pages.

Dempster-Shafer evidence theory as an extension of Probability has wide applications in many fields. Recently, A new entropy called Deng entropy was proposed in evidence theory. There were a lot of discussions and applications about Deng entropy. However, there is no discussion on how to apply Deng entropy to measure the correlation between the two evidences. In this article, we first review and analyze some of the work related to mutual information. Then we propose the extension of Deng Entropy: joint Deng entropy, Conditional Deng entropy and cross Deng entropy. In addition, we prove the relevant properties of this entropy. Finally, we also proposed a method to obtain joint evidence.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[255] viXra:1902.0321 [pdf] replaced on 2020-08-14 13:34:06

Anhadnaad Energy Field Theory of Universe

Authors: Satnam Singh
Comments: 16 Pages.

Quantum Mechanics is the most successful scientific theory of microcosm ever proposed which has completely changed our view of the world. It has completely rejected the objective reality and determinism and embraced the indeterminism and probabilistic nature of underlying microcosm. Explanation of Ultraviolet Catastrophe in Black Body Radiation by Max Planck and of Photoelectric Effect by Albert Einstein on the basis of Quantum Hypothesis triggers the failure of Classical Mechanics and the rise of Quantum Mechanics on the world screen. Einstein, one of the founders of Quantum Mechanics, disliked the loss of determinism in measurement and thought that there should be a local hidden variable theory underlying the Quantum mechanics. But he could not succeed in finding one. Louis deBroglie and David Bohm proposed a hidden variable theory called Pilot Wave theory which was rejected by the contemporary physics community by saying that it only added unnecessary mathematics and also it can’t explain anything else which was not known before. In this paper, author has tried to uncover those local hidden variables pointed out by Albert Einstein. According to this theory, the Universe is being governed by the hidden energy field called Anhadnaad Energy Field (ANEF) which is responsible for its origin, existence and working. Universe is either continuously being created or continuously being destroyed through continuation or discontinuation of Anhadnaad respectively by the Supreme Cosmic Consciousness of the Eternal Existence which is the most Fundamental Reality. Quantum Mechanics is based on the assumption of wave-particle duality of matter as well as radiations. The Pilot Wave theory on the other hand proposed a model in which a real wave physically guides a real particle. While ANEF is based on the assumption that both the guiding waves as well as the particles are real which, unlike Pilot Wave theory, interact with each other in totally different manner in which a wave can’t push a particle directly rather it vibrates the medium (NIRGUNA) which results into induced vibratory as well as translational motion of the particles as per the mathematical equation given in the paper which also explains the Ultraviolet Catastrophe in Black Body Radiation Experiment and Photoelectric Effect without considering the quantum hypothesis.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[254] viXra:1902.0319 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-19 15:37:22

Relative Measurement Theory the Unification of Experimental and Theoretical Measurements

Authors: Kenneth R Krechmer
Comments: 14 Pages.

The discontinuous, non-causal and instantaneous changes due to a measurement that appear in quantum mechanics (QM) theory are not consistent with a classical understanding of physical reality, but are completely confirmed by experiments. Relative measurement theory explains why. This paper presents the first formal development of an experimental measurement which includes the uncertainty due to calibration and resolution. The uncertainty due to calibration and resolution, previously considered experimental artifacts, is shown to be equal to the uncertainty that appears in QM theory and experiment. When the calibration to a reference and resolution effects are considered, all the QM measurement discontinuities are consistent with classical explanations.
Category: Quantum Physics

[253] viXra:1902.0318 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-19 19:10:16

Book Proface and Catalog::Foundations of Virtual Spacetime Physics

Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 8 Pages. 1 Figure

This book introduces the theory of virtual spacetime physics. Starting from the establishment of Maxwell equations based on virtual spacetime, the new Maxwell equations are solved step by step. And obtained a series of new and meaningful results. These results are consistent with the existing theories of quantum mechanics, quantum field theory and general relativity. Although the virtual spacetime is added, the whole theory becomes more concise. Some phenomena and problems that cannot be explained by old theories can be easily solved, and the physical picture is clearer. And just like the introduction of imaginary Numbers in mathematics, it can make some of the seemingly complicated problems in elementary mathematics very simple. The reader only needs to have the elementary knowledge of general university higher mathematics to be able to read this book, then deeply understands the current physics development the most cutting edge knowledge.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[252] viXra:1902.0316 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-20 01:51:46

Quantum Particles Resolution

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

A new Tel Aviv University study explores the generation and propagation of excitons in 2D materials within an unprecedented small time frame and at an extraordinarily high spatial resolution. [24] An international team of researchers led out of Macquarie University has demonstrated a new approach for converting ordinary laser light into genuine quantum light. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22]
Category: Quantum Physics

[251] viXra:1902.0315 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-20 02:39:53

Constant $ e \cdot C / 2 \pi \hspace{2} \alpha $ Determines\\ Magnetic Flux Quantum in Charged Leptons

Authors: U. Kayser-Herold
Comments: 6 Pages.

The constant $ e \cdot c / 2 \pi \hspace{2} \alpha $ is a common characteristic of charged leptons ($e, \mu, \tau $) resulting from their identical fraction $\hat{m}/\lambda_{C}$ of magnetons $\hat{m}$ to Compton-wavelengths $\lambda_{C}$, in spite of their largely differing $\hat{m}$ and $\lambda_{C}$. However the physical interpretation of this constant remained uncertain, but now clarified: It is proven that $ e \cdot c / 2 \pi \hspace{2} \alpha $ is an alternative and equivalent definition of the magnetic flux quantum $ h/2 \hspace{2} e$ which makes up the dipole-fields of charged leptons.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[250] viXra:1902.0314 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-20 04:56:29

Quantum Light Simulator

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 41 Pages.

Karimi's team has successfully built and operated the first-ever quantum simulator designed specifically for simulating cyclic (ringed-shaped) systems. [25] A new Tel Aviv University study explores the generation and propagation of excitons in 2D materials within an unprecedented small time frame and at an extraordinarily high spatial resolution. [24] An international team of researchers led out of Macquarie University has demonstrated a new approach for converting ordinary laser light into genuine quantum light. [23]
Category: Quantum Physics

[249] viXra:1902.0313 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-20 05:24:53

Single-Laser Metal Paint

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

A variety of laser-based techniques can be used to produce colorful artwork on metals. [24] An international team of researchers led out of Macquarie University has demonstrated a new approach for converting ordinary laser light into genuine quantum light. [23] Beyond the beauty of this phenomenon, which connects heating processes to topology through an elegant quantization law, the results reported in this work designate heating measurements as a powerful and universal probe for exotic states of matter. [22]
Category: Condensed Matter

[248] viXra:1902.0312 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-18 13:39:44

Practical Quantum Secure Direct Communication

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 72 Pages.

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is an important branch of quantum communication, based on the principles of quantum mechanics for the direct transmission of classified information. [43] The deluge of cyberattacks sweeping across the world has governments and companies thinking about new ways to protect their digital systems, and the corporate and state secrets stored within. [42] The Pentagon on Friday said there has been a cyber breach of Defense Department travel records that compromised the personal information and credit card data of U.S. military and civilian personnel. [41]
Category: Quantum Physics

[247] viXra:1902.0310 [pdf] replaced on 2020-11-09 10:22:35

A Demonstration of the Titius–Bode Law, the Number of Saturn’s Rings and the Radius of the Fine-ring by Using the Kerr-newman Solution of the Relativity Theory

Authors: Fumitaka Inuyama
Comments: 12 Pages.

The beautiful Titius-Bode law about Solar planetary orbits discovered in 1766, is considered that it is a mathematical coincidence rather than an "exact" law, because it has not yet been physically proved. However, if we consider the disturbance restoration and the stability of the asteroid belt orbit, there must be some underlying logical necessity. Planetary orbits are often computed by Newtonian mechanics with the kinetic energy and the universal gravitation energy. Nevertheless, applying the principle of energy-minimum to the Newtonian mechanics leads to the result that the stable orbital radius is only one value, which is totally incompatible with actual phenomena. This discrepancy must result from the shortage of elements which rule over the planetary orbits. Other elements to rule over the planetary orbits are the electric charge energy and the rotation energy, both of which are guided by the Kerr-Newman solution (discovered in 1965) of the general relativity theory (discovered in 1915). Here, I mathematically demonstrated the Titius-Bode law, and also calculated the number of Saturn’s rings, maximum 31 and the radius of the Fine-Ring, for the first time by applying the principle of energy-minimum to the complicated energy equation which adopts mass, electric charge and rotation elements of the central core star and solving the sole differential equation.
Category: Astrophysics

[246] viXra:1902.0309 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-03 02:31:23

A New Light Estimation of Dark Matter, Dark Energy and the Ternary Space-Times, Based on the Special Theory of Relativity

Authors: Fumitaka Inuyama.
Comments: 13 Pages.

Published studies have stated that the mass of dark matter and the mass of dark energy are approximately five times and fourteen times greater in mass, respectively, than ordinary substances such as atoms. However, it has not been successfully realized until today to detect and thus to prove the existence of  dark matter and dark energy. There should be some fundamental problems to be addressed and the universal space-time itself must have its own hidden characteristics. I estimated here in this article the universal space-time by using the special theory of relativity i.e. the combined velocity and the increasing mass. The results suggest that “the ternary space-times” created in the inflationary epoch during the very early universe exist in the modern universe and that each of these space-times has its own specific light velocity.
Category: Astrophysics

[245] viXra:1902.0308 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-19 01:30:39

Exotic Spiraling Electrons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

Rutgers and other physicists have discovered an exotic form of electrons that spin like planets and could lead to advances in lighting, solar cells, lasers and electronic displays. [30] Scientists used spiraling X-rays at the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) to observe, for the first time, a property that gives handedness to swirling electric patterns – dubbed polar vortices – in a synthetically layered material. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[244] viXra:1902.0307 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-19 01:42:38

The Coming Greek Empire of the Endtimes

Authors: Leon Elshout
Comments: 1 Page.

Which country will dominate the world in 2030, two thousand years after the resurrection? Is it China, Russia, India or USA? No, the Bible tells us it is Greece (Daniel 7:6; Revelation 13:2). Which makes the Atlantis story a lot clearer. By leon elshout. 19 feb. 2019, aurichalcum (at) protonmail.com (roodgoudvanparvaim.nl, roodgoudvanparvaim.wordpress.com, flipsnack.com/roodgoudvanparvaim,
Category: Religion and Spiritualism

[243] viXra:1902.0306 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-19 04:58:09

Particles Bombard Exoplanets

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

These particles are produced by stellar flares or by shock waves driven by magnetic events in the stellar corona. [36] Researchers have investigated wave-particle interactions between energetic electrons and chorus waves evolving in the space surrounding the Earth using the scientific satellite Arase and, simultaneously, transient auroral flashes by the ground-based global observation network. [35]
Category: Astrophysics

[242] viXra:1902.0305 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-18 07:56:10

Quantum Systems Talk

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 74 Pages.

Researchers at the University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory have invented an innovative way for different types of quantum technology to "talk" to each other using sound. [44] Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is an important branch of quantum communication, based on the principles of quantum mechanics for the direct transmission of classified information. [43]
Category: Quantum Physics

[241] viXra:1902.0303 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-18 11:37:09

Metasurface Reflect Unusual Directions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 20 Pages.

Researchers at Aalto University have developed new metasurfaces for the arbitrary manipulation of reflected waves, essentially breaking the law to engineer the reflection of a surface at will. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13] Brown University researchers have demonstrated for the first time a method of substantially changing the spatial coherence of light. [12]
Category: Condensed Matter

[240] viXra:1902.0302 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-18 12:05:29

Light-Based Drug-Discovery Molecules

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 22 Pages.

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells are widely studied for the conversion of solar energy into chemical fuels. [15] Researchers at Aalto University have developed new metasurfaces for the arbitrary manipulation of reflected waves, essentially breaking the law to engineer the reflection of a surface at will. [14] In new research, scientists at the University of Minnesota used a first-of-its-kind device to demonstrate a way to control the direction of the photocurrent without deploying an electric voltage. [13]
Category: Condensed Matter

[239] viXra:1902.0301 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-18 12:58:54

3-D Arrangement of DNA

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 62 Pages.

Using new technology to reveal the 3-D organization of DNA in maturing male reproductive cells, scientists revealed a crucial period in development that helps explain how fathers pass on genetic information to future generations. [34] According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Down syndrome is the most common birth defect, occurring once in every 700 births. [33] Healing is a complex process in adult skin impairments, requiring collaborative biochemical processes for onsite repair. [32]
Category: Physics of Biology

[238] viXra:1902.0299 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-17 12:30:43

Intelligence is Unmeritable by Grades and Testified by Mere Verity of Humanity Patriotism.

Authors: AR. Scholar
Comments: 3 Pages.

Intelligence and verification for this - where are scholars going, and how so our profession have driven us to be. Here we present a transparent recount of a personal scholar loose (yet sensible) thoughts and lessons about intelligence, and the state or processes and treatment to qualify for intelligence and to live with wise bandits based on the ultimate present of scholar 'lifecycle' that many have benefited from, and also for much individuals have been victimized from; as this paper formatted and communicated in a 'letter form' to those unskilful practitioners.
Category: Education and Didactics

[237] viXra:1902.0298 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-17 12:15:55

Low Hanging Fruit: Flat Earth vs. Stellar Metamorphosis vs. Establishment Dogma's Forming Mars in Zero Time

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 4 Pages.

A few ideas are brought to light showing how different flat Earth theory is compared to stellar metamorphosis. The author then extends the difference and explains that flat Earth theory is similar to the nebular hypothesis, and both are juxtaposed to stellar metamorphosis. The purpose of this paper is not to make fun of or ridicule flat Earth believers, it is simply to show how different it is from stellar metamorphosis. What will be found is that the same mental persistence in believing Earth to be flat by flat Earthers is present in establishment dogma's belief that stars and planets are mutually exclusive constructs, and is based off a perceptual issue of time. It is important to note that both establishment dogma and flat Earthers ignore evidence that contradicts their worldview due to problems of spatial awareness tied with ego and time comprehension tied with ego. In essence the people who believe stars to be mutually exclusive of planets are the new "Flat Earthers", but for a different vector of spatial reasoning, the one involving the comprehension and understanding of deep time.
Category: Astrophysics

[236] viXra:1902.0297 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-17 13:16:53

Money Whirling Theory

Authors: Chuanli Chen
Comments: 9 Pages.

This is the overview of the whole theory
Category: Economics and Finance

[235] viXra:1902.0296 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-18 00:54:16

Moea Framework Interaction with Bio-CPP in the Context of Nucleic Acids/polypeptide Bio-Informatics & Computing Towards Using – Java/jvm/jikes Rvm/c++/genetic Algorithms.

Authors: DNT Kumar
Comments: 3 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

MOEA Framework interaction with Bio-CPP in the context of Nucleic Acids/Polypeptide Bio-Informatics & Computing towards Using – Java/JVM/Jikes RVM/C++/Genetic Algorithms.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[234] viXra:1902.0295 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-18 03:33:11

Black Hole Mass Lost By Both Thermodynamics and Hydrodynamics Effects

Authors: Ragil Brand Ndongmo Tsafack, Saleh Mahamat, Thomas Bouetou Bouetou, Timoleon Crepin Kofane
Comments: 4 Pages. 1 figure, comments welcome

We purpose a new approach of black hole mass decreasing, which takes into account thermodynamics and hydrodynamics processes, in the presence of quintessence and phantom dark energies. Accordingly, we insert some terms into the Schwarzschild metric in order to obtain a new expression of the black hole mass. Further, we show that by the thermodynamics process, the second-order phase transition does not occur when we take into account phantom energy, except for complex entropies or relativistic time. At the end, we show a new principle to analyze black holes coalescence into a space-time, dilated by dark energy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[233] viXra:1902.0294 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-16 06:41:57

Gravitational Wave Daily Detection

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 21 Pages.

The improvement will see the twin observatories — located near Hanford, Washington and Livingston, Louisiana in the US – double their sensitivity to gravitational waves. [19] A group of scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute (NBI) at the University of Copenhagen will soon start developing a new line of technical equipment in order to dramatically improve gravitational wave detectors. [18] A global team of scientists, including two University of Mississippi physicists, has found that the same instruments used in the historic discovery of gravitational waves caused by colliding black holes could help unlock the secrets of dark matter, a mysterious and as-yet-unobserved component of the universe. [17]
Category: Astrophysics

[232] viXra:1902.0293 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-16 07:20:31

Defend Against Cyberattacks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

The deluge of cyberattacks sweeping across the world has governments and companies thinking about new ways to protect their digital systems, and the corporate and state secrets stored within. [42] The Pentagon on Friday said there has been a cyber breach of Defense Department travel records that compromised the personal information and credit card data of U.S. military and civilian personnel. [41] Quantum secure direct communication transmits secret information directly without encryption. [40]
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[231] viXra:1902.0291 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-16 09:34:13

Why The Solar Planet Motion Trajectory is An Ellipse?(revised)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 13 Pages.

Why The Solar Planet Motion Trajectory is An Ellipse?(revised) The paper provides a heavy claim…let's summarize its idea as clear as possible: -The ellipse trajectory of Planet motion is produced by interaction of 2 forms of motions trajectory square and circular..! i.e. -Ellipse Trajectory = Square trajectory + Circular trajectory What does that mean? -The planet motion real trajectory is a square! -This square we should see as circular because of Earth motion! -The interaction between these 2 forms produces the ellipse (Kepler 1st Law is correct) But -If the direct observation shows the trajectory as an ellipse!, based on what I claim about the square form?! To see clearly as possible we have to answer 3 questions: 1-Why the planet motion trajectory is A Square? 2-Why we see the square trajectory as Circular One? 3-Why these 2 forms get interaction? Why the final trajectory isn't square or circular? Let's start with question No.2 Why we see the square trajectory as Circular One? The answer is so simple, we may remember the rock which Einstein have left to drop from the train… where Einstein saw the rock motion trajectory as straight line but the people on platform saw the rock motion trajectory as a curved trajectory… So Why the square is seen as circular? Because of Earth Motion Is this a sufficient answer? Of course Not! Why? Because of Earth motion velocity! What's Earth velocity? To see clearly as possible we need to discuss our old question…. How the matter is created? The classical vision tells the matter is found regardless any other factor! Is it true..? I have another vision to define the matter existence…. Let's summarize it: 1-The human mind contains electromagnetic waves (travel by c velocity) 2-I suppose The Realization Process in human mind depends on c velocity 3-Special Theory of Relativity tells us, if 2 observers travel with the same velocity (Even if both travel by light velocity, No difference in velocity is found), for that each of both will see the other as matter (particle) - but if there's a difference in velocity between 2 observers = light velocity, so each of them will see the other as light beam (wave) 4-In Young Experiment (Double Slit Experiment), the light coherence produces bright fringes and dark fringes 5-I claim that, the solar group is created by a coherence of 2 light beams 6-We see The Bright Fringes as Matters (because our mind realization process works by the light velocity by which bright fringes travel) (That's why we have body… our bodies are made of bright fringes but we see them as matters) 7-We see the dark fringes as distances or space (that's why the space is Energy)…………etc
Category: Astrophysics

[230] viXra:1902.0290 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-16 11:25:20

Gravity is a Wrong Idea of Physics

Authors: Gephy Adachi
Comments: 2 Pages. Review of the Tamura theory

Gravity does not exist. This must be replaced by the idea of buoyancy, which is described with Archimedes’ principle. I introduce the notable idea “Tamura’s theory” in this paper and we must reconsider the fundamental physics with the idea.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[229] viXra:1902.0289 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-16 10:57:29

Platinum Treatment of Cancer Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

Researchers at ETH Zurich recently demonstrated that platinum nanoparticles can be used to kill liver cancer cells with greater selectivity than existing cancer drugs. [31] “PPRIG was set up by NPL in 2012 to progress UK deployment of high-energy proton therapy,” explained Russell Thomas, senior research and clinical scientist at NPL and chair of PPRIG. [30] Researchers have moved closer to the real-time verification of hadron therapy, demonstrating the in vivo accuracy of simulations that predict particle range in the patient. [29]
Category: Physics of Biology

[228] viXra:1902.0288 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-16 11:23:44

Genetic Programming

Authors: Domenico Oricchio
Comments: 1 Page.

I try to write a program that evolve in the time
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[227] viXra:1902.0287 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-16 11:23:46

Particles Switch Back and Forth

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

Three years ago, when Richard Robinson, associate professor of materials science and engineering, was on sabbatical at Hebrew University in Israel, he asked a graduate student to send him some nanoparticles of a specific size. [34] An efficient new method to find out whether a material hosts topological states or not could help increase the number of known topological materials from a few hundred to thousands. [33] With their insensitivity to decoherence, Majorana particles could become stable building blocks of quantum computers. [32]
Category: Condensed Matter

[226] viXra:1902.0286 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-16 11:34:11

The Lag Effect of the Gravitational Field as the Cause of the Curved Form of the Milky Way.

Authors: Bezverkhniy Volodymyr Dmytrovych, Bezverkhniy Vitaliy Volodymyrovich.
Comments: 7 Pages.

Using gravitational field lag effect we can explain why the Milky Way galaxy has a curved shape of a “Chair”. Galaxies what having the form of a flat disk due to the effect of the field lag have an increased energy of gravitational interaction, to reduce this energy, galaxies take a curved shape of the “Galaxy-Chair”. This phenomenon resembles a decrease in energy in the cyclohexane molecule, where the most stable conformation is also the “Chair” conformation, which is almost identical in shape to the curved Milky Way.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[225] viXra:1902.0285 [pdf] replaced on 2019-05-06 17:40:35

Error in Michelson and Morley Experiment

Authors: Eric Su
Comments: 3 Pages. All comments are welcome. Please include your email address and a short list of your publications.

Michelson and Morley carried out an experiment in 1887 to determine if the theory of ether is correct. The experiment shows that the speed of light is constant in all directions. However, an error in this experiment was introduced by the calculation of the elapsed time for light to travel between two moving mirrors in the rest frame of ether. Both Michelson and Morley assumed that the speed of light is not altered upon reflection by a moving mirror. This critical error produced a small variation in the distance traveled by the light between mirrors in the rest frame of ether. As a result, Lorentz transformation was proposed to explain the concept of length contraction.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[224] viXra:1902.0284 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-20 10:25:59

Cold Plasma Electric Compression Fusion

Authors: chan Rasjid Kah Chew
Comments: 5 Pages.

All experiments of fusion of hydrogen (except the LENR type) are done at high temperatures. The main models being the Tokamak magnetic confinement and the Inertial Confinement models. The new design proposed here is based on a novel idea not attempted before. It uses direct electric field compression of a cold deuterium plasma (which may even be near 0 K) to undergo nuclear fusion. At high temperatures, the only reaction possible is fusion to helium-3, a neutron and gamma-rays of a definite energy. A direct fusion of deuterium-deuterium to a lone helium-4 nucleus without the production of a neutron is possible provided the initial deuterium carries no kinetic energy; this means such a reaction may happen only near absolute zero temperatures. So far, this reaction at cold temperature has not been contemplated by the nuclear fusion community. This fusion design is simple and most research laboratories would have the resources and technology to experiment with this new design.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[223] viXra:1902.0283 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-16 15:24:00

The Symplectic Laplacian

Authors: Antoine Balan
Comments: 1 page, written in english

We construct a symplectic Laplacian which is a differential operator of order 1 depending only on a connection and a symplectic form.
Category: Geometry

[222] viXra:1902.0280 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-17 02:23:26

Skin Bioactive Glass-Gold Nanoparticles

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

Healing is a complex process in adult skin impairments, requiring collaborative biochemical processes for onsite repair. [32] Researchers at ETH Zurich recently demonstrated that platinum nanoparticles can be used to kill liver cancer cells with greater selectivity than existing cancer drugs. [31] “PPRIG was set up by NPL in 2012 to progress UK deployment of high-energy proton therapy,” explained Russell Thomas, senior research and clinical scientist at NPL and chair of PPRIG. [30]
Category: Physics of Biology

[221] viXra:1902.0279 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-17 03:32:56

Divergence Measure of Belief Function

Authors: Yutong Song, Yong Deng
Comments: 3 Pages.

it is important to measure the divergent or conflicting degree among pieces of information for information preprocessing in case for the unreliable results which come from the combination of conflicting bodies of evidence using Dempster's combination rules. However, how to measure the divergence of different evidence is still an open issue. In this paper, a new divergence measure of belief function based on Deng entropy is proposed in order to measure the divergence of different belief function. The divergence measure is the generalization of Kullback-Leibler divergence for probability since when the basic probability assignment (BPA) is degenerated as probability, divergence measure is equal to Kullback-Leibler divergence. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed divergence measure.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[220] viXra:1902.0278 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-17 04:20:29

Down Syndrome DNA

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Down syndrome is the most common birth defect, occurring once in every 700 births. [33] Healing is a complex process in adult skin impairments, requiring collaborative biochemical processes for onsite repair. [32] Researchers at ETH Zurich recently demonstrated that platinum nanoparticles can be used to kill liver cancer cells with greater selectivity than existing cancer drugs. [31]
Category: Physics of Biology

[219] viXra:1902.0277 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-17 04:30:47

Laser-Induced Graphene

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 77 Pages.

Laser-induced graphene (LIG), a flaky foam of the atom-thick carbon, has many interesting properties on its own but gains new powers as part of a composite. [46] A team of researchers based at The University of Manchester have found a low cost method for producing graphene printed electronics, which significantly speeds up and reduces the cost of conductive graphene inks. [45] Graphene-based computer components that can deal in terahertz “could be used, not in a normal Macintosh or PC, but perhaps in very advanced computers with high processing rates,” Ozaki says. This 2-D material could also be used to make extremely high-speed nanodevices, he adds. [44]
Category: Condensed Matter

[218] viXra:1902.0275 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-15 08:29:39

Largest-Ever LHC Data Sample

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 62 Pages.

These measurements provide a rich source of information on the QCD processes that bind heavy quarks into hadrons. For more information about the results visit the CMS webpage. [42] Experiments in astrophysics and nuclear and particle physics are crucial to analyse how the universe works. [41] A team of researchers at the University of Chicago has developed a circuit platform for the exploration of quantum matter made of strongly interacting microwave photons. [40]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[217] viXra:1902.0274 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-15 09:10:58

Laser Pulses and Quantum Computing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory have discovered a means of controlling the surface conductivity of a three-dimensional (3-D) topological insulator, a type of material that has potential applications in spintronic devices and quantum computing. [42] With enhanced understanding of this system, the Quantum Dynamics Unit aims to improve upon the industry standard for qubits – bits of quantum information. [41]
Category: Quantum Physics

[216] viXra:1902.0273 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-15 10:05:39

Spintronics by Straintonics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Now, teams from France, Spain and Germany have demonstrated the feasibility of another approach at the nanoscale: "We can induce magnetic order on a small region of our sample by employing a small electric field instead of using magnetic fields," Dr. Sergio Valencia, HZB, says. [34] In 2017, University of Utah physicist Valy Vardeny called perovskite a "miracle material" for an emerging field of next-generation electronics, called spintronics, and he's standing by that assertion. [33] Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology proposed new quasi-1-D materials for potential spintronic applications, an upcoming technology that exploits the spin of electrons. [32] They do this by using "excitons," electrically neutral quasiparticles that exist in insulators, semiconductors and in some liquids. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[215] viXra:1902.0272 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-15 10:24:12

Diamond Spins Measurement Technique

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

A new method to read out the spin states of individual negatively-charged nitrogen vacancy (NV–) centres has been developed by researchers in Europe and Japan. [35] Now, teams from France, Spain and Germany have demonstrated the feasibility of another approach at the nanoscale: "We can induce magnetic order on a small region of our sample by employing a small electric field instead of using magnetic fields," Dr. Sergio Valencia, HZB, says. [34] In 2017, University of Utah physicist Valy Vardeny called perovskite a "miracle material" for an emerging field of next-generation electronics, called spintronics, and he's standing by that assertion. [33]
Category: Quantum Physics

[214] viXra:1902.0271 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-15 10:43:57

Anti-Laser Masquerading Absorber

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 68 Pages.

Researchers at Duke University have discovered that a perfect absorber of electromagnetic waves they described in a 2017 paper can easily be tweaked into a sort of "time-reversed laser" known as a coherent perfect absorber (CPA). [43] Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Ames Laboratory have discovered a means of controlling the surface conductivity of a three-dimensional (3-D) topological insulator, a type of material that has potential applications in spintronic devices and quantum computing. [42] With enhanced understanding of this system, the Quantum Dynamics Unit aims to improve upon the industry standard for qubits – bits of quantum information. [41]
Category: Quantum Physics

[213] viXra:1902.0270 [pdf] replaced on 2020-09-17 13:53:48

Properties of Dark-Matter Particles

Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 3 Pages.

To ensure invariance of the basic physical constants, spacetime can not expand. The Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST) shows that when in the Einstein spacetime the gravitational pressure surpassed the dynamic pressure, it produced a stable boundary and it considerably increased the local spacetime density which is a necessary condition for the production of dark matter (DM) particles with a mass of 727.43 MeV. The vast majority of such DM particles decayed into single DM loops.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[212] viXra:1902.0269 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-15 12:39:20

Cyclical Model of Human History as the Result of Gene Pool Forces Shaping Societies to Ensure Variation.

Authors: Tariq Khan
Comments: 3 Pages.

Discussing Nature as utilizing various human psychological types from psychopaths to altruistic martyrs as tools or mechanisms to ensure variation in human gene pools. Variation that is required once stagnation occurs from a cyclical model of competition for scarce resources involving tribes and societies in an eternal movement from balance, to segmentation, competition, imbalance, stagnation, teamwork, war, and repeating back to balance.
Category: Social Science

[211] viXra:1902.0268 [pdf] replaced on 2019-10-30 20:38:24

Neutrino Mass Replaces Planck Mass as Fundamental Particle

Authors: Ankur S. Bhatt, F.M. Becker
Comments: 8 Pages.

The following derivation shows that the neutrino mass effectively replaces the Planck mass as a fundamental particle associated to Newton's Gravity Law. The neutrino mass is deduced from the cosmic microwave background and matches a previous obtained experimental value. Using a ratio of forces between two Planck mass pairs in comparison to two neutrino pairs, a proportion to the dimension of the Planck length and a Rindler horizon is formed. The work done on the two pairs are equivalent using this proportion. Additionally, it has been concluded that the cosmic diameter, as a particle horizon, can be written in terms of fundamental constants using Wien's displacement law and the Cosmic Microwave Background temperature.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[210] viXra:1902.0267 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-15 22:53:40

Understanding Lysosomes Using HOL based on R-D Mechanisms & CA Formalisms.

Authors: DNT Kumar
Comments: 3 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

Understanding Lysosomes Using HOL based on R-D Mechanisms & CA Formalisms.
Category: Biochemistry

[209] viXra:1902.0266 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-02 05:36:21

Inverse Electric-Nuclear Field

Authors: Michael Tzoumpas
Comments: 9 Pages.

The electrically charged particles cause electrical induction of positive and negative units in the dynamic space, with result inverse electric fields are created. So, the nuclear force is interpreted as an electric force, 100 times stronger than the maximum electric force of the outer electric field that extends beyond the potential barrier. Moreover, the braking radiation emitted from rapidly moving electrons as they are passing close to the nucleus is confirmed.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[208] viXra:1902.0265 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-16 04:10:48

Direct-Write Quantum Calligraphy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

In contrast with conventional light emitting diodes which emit billions of photons simultaneously to form a steady stream of light, an ideal SPE generates exactly one photon on demand, with each photon indistinguishable from another. [35] Now, teams from France, Spain and Germany have demonstrated the feasibility of another approach at the nanoscale: "We can induce magnetic order on a small region of our sample by employing a small electric field instead of using magnetic fields," Dr. Sergio Valencia, HZB, says. [34] In 2017, University of Utah physicist Valy Vardeny called perovskite a "miracle material" for an emerging field of next-generation electronics, called spintronics, and he's standing by that assertion. [33]
Category: Quantum Physics

[207] viXra:1902.0264 [pdf] replaced on 2021-05-13 21:08:05

Discovery of A New Transport Mechanism and Physical Origin of Hume-Rothery Rules

Authors: Yuanjie Huang
Comments: 32 Pages.

Transport of solute atoms in a solvent is of paramount importance for people to understand corresponding functions of alloys, doped-semiconductors and so on. In this work, utilizing Yuheng Zhang equation, a new transport mechanism was discovered and a simple analytical theory was constructed for the vital and widespread segregation phenomena in various areas. First, the theory successfully point out that solubility of solute atoms in a solvent exhibits temperature, electronegativity difference, atomic size and valence electron concentration dependence, clarifying physical origins of the famous Hume-Rothery rules for terminal solid solution in metallurgy. Second, this theory indicates that equilibrium partition coefficient upon solidification may arise from Haiyan Zang potential and may be determined by a basic principle that spatial gradient of electrochemical potential for any type of charged particles is always zero at equilibrium state. Third, the theory may uncover physical working principles of both precipitant and extractant. Fourth, the theory reveals that stress-induced segregation of solutes in a solvent may originate from the stress-induced electric potential which may further affect stress corrosion process, as agrees with experimental observations. Overall, these theoretical discoveries may help people gain more deep understanding of related segregation phenomena and find important applications in various areas.
Category: Condensed Matter

[206] viXra:1902.0263 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-08 20:25:50

Next Infinite is Zero

Authors: Toshiro Takami
Comments: 4 Pages.

Have you ever received emails from the future or letters from the future? It is a person who is thinking of making a time machine seriously. If you put a letter to the past in the Tesla coil (the space must be reversed in the coil) and put a stamp, Japan should definitely put it in the post even if it is on the way (In the Showa era when it was once peaceful). In that way, I would like to write a warning letter to the past.
Category: General Mathematics

[205] viXra:1902.0262 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-16 04:52:32

Symmetry Indicators of Topological Materials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

An efficient new method to find out whether a material hosts topological states or not could help increase the number of known topological materials from a few hundred to thousands. [33] With their insensitivity to decoherence, Majorana particles could become stable building blocks of quantum computers. [32] A team of researchers at the University of Maryland has found a new way to route photons at the micrometer scale without scattering by building a topological quantum optics interface. [31]
Category: Quantum Physics

[204] viXra:1902.0261 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-16 05:08:58

Holography the Time

Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Comments: 3 Pages.

We propose a more general formula for the Bousso limit in the form of a surface integral
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[203] viXra:1902.0260 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-16 05:13:55

Upward Trajectory Proton Therapy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

“PPRIG was set up by NPL in 2012 to progress UK deployment of high-energy proton therapy,” explained Russell Thomas, senior research and clinical scientist at NPL and chair of PPRIG. [30] Researchers have moved closer to the real-time verification of hadron therapy, demonstrating the in vivo accuracy of simulations that predict particle range in the patient. [29] A biomimetic nanosystem can deliver therapeutic proteins to selectively target cancerous tumors, according to a team of Penn State researchers. [28] Sunlight is essential for all life, and living organisms have evolved to sense and respond to light. [27]
Category: Physics of Biology

[202] viXra:1902.0259 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-14 05:56:45

LED in Reverse Cool Computers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

In a finding that runs counter to a common assumption in physics, researchers at the University of Michigan ran a light emitting diode (LED) with electrodes reversed in order to cool another device mere nanometers away. [42] With enhanced understanding of this system, the Quantum Dynamics Unit aims to improve upon the industry standard for qubits – bits of quantum information. [41]
Category: Quantum Physics

[201] viXra:1902.0258 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-14 07:38:50

Merging Neutron Stars

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

The opportunity to measure the gravitational waves of two merging neutron stars could offer answers to some of the fundamental questions about the structure of matter. [42] Experiments in astrophysics and nuclear and particle physics are crucial to analyse how the universe works. [41] A team of researchers at the University of Chicago has developed a circuit platform for the exploration of quantum matter made of strongly interacting microwave photons. [40]
Category: Astrophysics

[200] viXra:1902.0257 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-14 08:24:08

MAN1: Tracking the Crypter and the Actor

Authors: Jason Reaves
Comments: 24 Pages. Malware Research; PE Cryptor

In the world of malware crypters and packers are often time considered throwaway by researchers, it’s also fairly common to use them as training tools for junior personnel. In a way most obfuscations are treated as training, learning or for games like CTF(Capture The Flag). So it’s probably not surprising that lots of researchers don’t pay much attention to these layers. These layers can be used especially when you find some of the more sophisticated ones that tend to stick around for longer periods of time. While probably not as useful as tracking an actor to a backend system, these malware artifacts can provide valuable clues, serving as tools, techniques and procedures (TTPs) in tracking the ongoing operations of a specific threat actor across a wide range of operations and groups. In this case, we focus on MAN1, a sophisticated crypter dating back to 2014 that's still in use today.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[199] viXra:1902.0256 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-14 08:24:29

What is a Black Hole?

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

Physically, a black hole is defined by the presence of a singularity, i.e., a region of space, bounded by an 'event horizon', within which the mass/energy density becomes infinite, and the normally well-behaved laws of physics no longer apply. [33] While current gravitational wave observations aren't yet sensitive enough to observe the effect, this will certainly become an important target of future experiments. [32] One of the most cataclysmic events to occur in the cosmos involves the collision of two black holes. [31]
Category: Astrophysics

[198] viXra:1902.0255 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-14 08:55:17

High-Speed Surveillance in Solar Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 68 Pages.

A research team at Osaka University has developed an improved method for producing microscope images that can spot speedy electrons zipping through nanomaterials used in solar panels. [43] Complex, three-dimensional (3-D) structures are regularly constructed using a reliable commercial method of 3-D laser micro- and nanoprinting. [42] A team led by University of Utah physicists has discovered how to fix a major problem that occurs in lasers made from a new type of material called quantum dots. [41]
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[197] viXra:1902.0254 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-14 09:27:17

Machine Learning Plant's Secrets

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 32 Pages.

Plants are master chemists, and Michigan State University researchers have unlocked their secret of producing specialized metabolites. [21] Marculescu, along with ECE Ph.D. student Chieh Lo, has developed a machine learning algorithm—called MPLasso—that uses data to infer associations and interactions between microbes in the GI microbiome. [20] A team of researchers from the University of Muenster in Germany has now demonstrated that this combination is extremely well suited to planning chemical syntheses—so-called retrosyntheses—with unprecedented efficiency. [19]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[196] viXra:1902.0253 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-14 11:04:26

An MHCE8S Flow Diagram Emphasizing Peculiar Z-Boson Phenomena and the Existence of One New Quark

Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 4 Pages. I may not have much more to add to MHCE8S theory: others need to carry on!

Abstract: A forward- time, reverse-time cycle of the 4th cycle of an MHCE8S universe emphasizing peculiar Z-boson dating phenomena and one new quark making 7 in all.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[195] viXra:1902.0252 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-16 09:18:45

Meaning of the 5th Dimension According to the Theory of Total Relativity: Stress Material Medium

Authors: Pablo Hernan Pereyra
Comments: 5 Pages.

The significance of the 5th Dimension is demonstrated as a variable related to the Stress material medium and its relation with the conservation of energy of the internal forces of matter. The Stress tensor of the continuous medium is obtained using the properties of the Quantum tensor according to Total Relativity Theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[194] viXra:1902.0250 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-14 16:59:49

Why The Solar Planet Motion Trajectory is An Ellipse?

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 12 Pages.

Why The Solar Planet Motion Trajectory is An Ellipse? 1-Solar planet motion real trajectory is a square 2-This square trajectory is seen by us as circular trajectory 3-The 2 forms of trajectories (square and circular) get interaction together and produce the ellipse as the planet motion final trajectory. 4-The square and circular trajectories interaction is done by Uranus and Neptune effects… 5-Saturn is the main player in the solar group geometry 6-Planet Eccentricity supports this claim
Category: Astrophysics

[193] viXra:1902.0247 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-15 03:36:58

Investigation of Biofield Treated Vitamin D3 to Improve Immunity of Bone Cells in MG-63 Cell Line.

Authors: Inthirani Arul, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Sambhu Charan Mondal, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 10 Pages.

The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing-based vitamin D3 and DMEM on bone health in human bone osteosarcoma cells (MG-63). Test items (vitamin D3 and DMEM), were divided into two parts. One part of each sample was received the Biofield Energy Treatment by Inthirani Arul and those samples were denoted as Biofield Treated (BT) samples, while other parts of each sample were referred as untreated test items (UT). Cell viability revealed that test samples were found as safe in tested concentrations. ALP was significantly increased by 260% in BT-DMEM + BT-TI group at 0.1 µg/mL compared to UT-DMEM + UT-TI group. Moreover, collagen level was significantly increased by 102.94% and 52.94% in UT-DMEM + BT-TI and BT-DMEM + BT-TI groups, respectively at 0.1µg/mL than UT-DMEM + UT-TI group. Further, collagen level was significantly increased by 114.94%, 114.03%, and 152.33% in UT-DMEM + BT-TI, BT-DMEM + UT-TI, and BT-DMEM + BT-TI groups, respectively at 1µg/mL than untreated. Besides, percent of bone mineralization was significantly enhanced by 82.95% and 119.55% in UT-DMEM + BT-TI and BT-DMEM + BT-TI groups, respectively at 10µg/mL than untreated. Moreover, it was significantly increased by 166.44% and 212.49% in BT-DMEM + UT-TI and BT-DMEM + BT-TI groups, respectively at 50µg/mL than untreated. It was also significantly increased by 104.44%, 100%, and 230.22% in UT-DMEM + BT-TI, BT-DMEM + UT-TI, and BT-DMEM + BT-TI groups, respectively at 100µg/mL than untreated. Among three combination regimens, the Biofield Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM group was comparatively more improved the bone-related parameters and might be useful against various bone-related disorders (rickets, low bone density, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, chondrodystrophia fetalis), stress management, anti-aging, autoimmune and inflammatory disorders near future.
Category: Biochemistry

[192] viXra:1902.0246 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-15 04:42:33

Ultraviolet Outburst in the M87 Jet: Subluminal or Superluminal?

Authors: Giorgio Capezzali
Comments: 29 Pages. Accepted for publication in Physics Essays, Vol. 32, No. 1 (March 2019)

The observations of the M87 jet with the STIS instrument mounted on board the Hubble Space Telescope revealed that an outburst originating in the HST-1 knot occurred. Measuring the dimensions of the outburst in the epochs between 2001 July 30 and 2003 July 27 and correcting for optical illusion an expansion velocity v/c = 0.99893 +/- 0.00007 is found. However,the relativistic model fails to correctly predict the dimensions of the source and the outburst brightness. For this reason, as the apparent motion suggests, a superluminal mechanical model where even the light rays travel faster than light is introduced. By applying this model to correct for optical illusion an expansion velocity v/c = 21.8 +/- 0.7 is found along with reasonable source dimensions and brightness. This result, the study of the apparent motion of features in the M87 jet and the time-of-flight measurements of muonic neutrinos seem to confirm the possibility to travel faster than light. That does not imply a refusal of special relativity. Instead only the common interpretations of it are refused.Without them, we will also see that the so-called twin paradox does not have any reason to exist.
Category: Classical Physics

[191] viXra:1902.0245 [pdf] replaced on 2019-12-10 14:27:32

Before We Can Find a Model, We Must Forget About Perfection

Authors: Dimiter Dobrev
Comments: 33 Pages.

With Reinforcement Learning we assume that a model of the world does exist. We assume furthermore that the model in question is perfect (i.e. it describes the world completely and unambiguously). This article will demonstrate that it does not make sense to search for the perfect model because this model is too complicated and practically impossible to find. We will show that we should abandon the pursuit of perfection and pursue Event-Driven (ED) models instead. These models are generalization of Markov Decision Process (MDP) models. This generalization is essential because nothing can be found without it. Rather than a single MDP, we will aim to find a raft of neat simple ED models each one describing a simple dependency or property. In other words, we will replace the search for a singular and complex perfect model with a search for a large number of simple models.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[190] viXra:1902.0244 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-13 15:54:17

Higher Order Universe Saves Two Copies of the Hologram Universe

Authors: Dan Visser
Comments: 9 Pages.

It is possible to do it otherwise: I dared to transpose the dark mass-formula of Professor Erik Verlinde (UvA-NL) into my new universe-model, the RTHU, which is an abbreviation of Rotating Torus Hologram Universe. The RTHU generates the Big Bang Universe (BBU), or BBH in dutch, as a time-spatial hologram. In this setting the BBU is not fundamental, but originated from the RTHU. The RTHU is so to say more fundamental than the BBU and it that sense a ‘higher order universe’. All there is conservatively considered in the BBU is ruled by visible mass, inclusive the belonging coupled forces, and added with dark mass-dynamics and dark energy. However, in this article I show the transposition can lead to an unexpected result. The RTHU leaves a copy of the visible BBU-hologram behind at the open-torus-surface of the RTHU itself, as well as a copy within the light-horizon of black-holes. In this sense black-holes are to be transposed into the RTHU too, as I did. Moreover I show the RTHU needs dark energy for its rotation in order to drive the rotational BBU-hologram. Just as black-holes need dark energy to rotate in the RTHU. Conservatively black-holes are expected to exist in the BBU, but fundamentally considered black-holes are non-existential in the BBU and only reality as rotating black-holes in the RTHU. Inherently the Planck-boundary does not exist in the RTHU, as I described in my former article. Apparently, but theoretically, the two hologram-copies serve to secure the history of the Big Bang Hologram, which rotation causes future-changes in the RTHU and in the black-holes. These future changes seem to be verified in a natural way by the RTHU through the two hologram-copies. I don’t understand, why?
Category: Mathematical Physics

[189] viXra:1902.0241 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-13 22:21:49

Supersymmetry: Natural, Beautiful, and Realistic

Authors: Frank Dodd Tony Smith Jr
Comments: 1 Page.

Ethan Siegel (Forbes 12 Feb 2019) says "... Supersymmetry may be the Greatest Failed Prediction in Particle Physics History ...". Peter Woit (10 Feb 2019 blog post and comments thereon) says "... I [Woit] don't have a well-motivated BSM [Beyond Standard Model] ... Neither does anyone else ...". What Siegel and Woit say is the Consensus View of Physicists and their Collaborations and Institutions. It is also WRONG! There exists a Natural, Beautiful Supersymmetric Physics Model that is Realistic = Consistent with Experimental Resuits and Observations. Why do Siegel, Woit, and the Consensus ignore it ? It is only published on my web site http://www.valdostamuseum.com/hamsmith/ and the viXra archive http://vixra.org/author/frank_dodd_tony_smith_jr because Consensus Physics has Blacklisted me. How does it work ? At Planck Energies it is an Octonionic model based on the Real Clifford Algebra Cl(16) with 8-dimensional Spacetime and 28 Spin(8) Gauge Bosons and 28 Ghosts and 8 Fundamental Fermion Particles and 8 Antiparticles (one generation). In the Octonionic Lagrangian each of the 28 Gauge bosons and 28 Ghosts carry 1 dimension and each of the 8+8 Fermions carry 7/2 dimensions so the 28+28 = 56 Bosonic terms are SUperSYmmetric with the (8+8) x 7/2 = 56 Fermionic terms.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[188] viXra:1902.0240 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-13 22:57:25

Zero and Infinity; Their Interrelation by Means of Division by Zero

Authors: Saburou Saitoh
Comments: 13 Pages. In this paper, we first fix the definitions of zero and infinity in very general senses and we will give their simple and definite relation by means of division by zero. On this problem and relation we have considered over the long history beyond mathema

In this paper, we first fix the definitions of zero and infinity in very general senses and we will give their simple and definite relation by means of division by zero. On this problem and relation we have considered over the long history beyond mathematics. As our mathematics, we will be able to obtain some definite result for the relation clearly with new concept and model since Aristotle and Euclid.
Category: General Mathematics

[187] viXra:1902.0239 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-13 23:19:21

The Ananda-Damayanthi-Radha-Rohith Rishi Sequence Trends Of Any Set Of Positive Real Numbers

Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi
Comments: 5 Pages.

In this research investigation, the author has detailed the Theory Of Holistic Decomposition Of Any Set Of Prime Number, Natural Numbers, Positive Real Numbers As One Or More Sets Each With Some Periodicity Of The Number’s Non Integral Prime Basis Position Number.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[186] viXra:1902.0238 [pdf] replaced on 2019-11-04 06:24:41

Extended GRA Strategy for Multi-Attribute Decision Making with Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Numbers

Authors: Surapati Pramanik, Rama Mallick
Comments: 10 Pages. Template is only changed.

Multi-attribute decision making(MADM) strategy has been proposed to handle uncertain decision making problem .The most extensively used models of Grey system theory is grey relational analysis (GRA). This strategy was flourished by Chinese Professor J.Deng. This strategy also known as Deng’s Grey Incidence Analysis model. GRA uses a generic concept of intelligence. It describes any circumstance as, no information as black, and perfect information as white. Nevertheless, these idealized situations ever appear in real world problem. In this paper, we extend GRA strategy for multi attribute decision making in trapezoidal neutrosophic number (TrNN) environment. Here, we describe score and accuracy function for TrNNs. Then Hamming distance for two TrNNs are also described. Lastly, a numerical problem is solved to explain the pertinence of the proposed strategy.
Category: General Mathematics

[185] viXra:1902.0237 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-15 01:05:58

Special Relativity (21st-Century-Style), Particle Physics, and the Dark Universe

Authors: Rodney Bartlett
Comments: 14 Pages.

Abstract This article begins with “vector-tensor-scalar geometry” interacting photons and gravitons to produce the quantum spins of matter particles, the Higgs boson, plus the particles of the weak and strong nuclear forces. It then proposes the universe uses base-2 mathematics (a.k.a. electronics’ binary digits), the topology of Mobius strips and figure-8 Klein bottles, plus the geometry mentioned before, to produce photons and still hypothetical gravitons and non-hypothetical mass. It’s then proposed that the three-dimensional figure-8 Klein bottles composing the universe possess space-time's four dimensions (3 of space + 1 of time) when Wick rotation is programmed into them. This programming is adaptive, depending on the strength of gravity and electromagnetism (in Special Relativity, time slows in intense gravity and on approaching c, the speed of light). Because of the rotating between the x- and y-axes in Wick rotation, there’s a space-time we call imaginary or higher dimensional that is just as real as ordinary space-time. Gravity also leads to mass here - “dark” matter – and that matter’s associated “dark” energy. Back in this dimension, the Big Bang is regarded as dispensable due to the quantum-mechanical entanglement of microwave photons. And the speed of light becomes a duality – simultaneously having the two velocities of approx. 300 000, and approx. zero, km/s. Introduction - The abstract of a review article in the journal “Science” states, “Both dark matter and dark energy require extensions to our current understanding of particle physics or point toward a breakdown of general relativity on cosmological scales.” Could it be that understanding dark matter and dark energy doesn’t require modification of general relativity, but needs Einstein’s 1905 masterpiece of special relativity? Nevertheless, modification of general relativity – and its unification with quantum mechanics – might be accomplished with the hidden variables of base 2 mathematics, Mobius strips, figure-8 Klein bottles, and Wick rotation. The greatest obstacle to understanding the dark universe, and beginning the journey to quantum gravity, will be the human reluctance to accept a paradigm shift to determinism.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[184] viXra:1902.0236 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-13 05:05:09

Theory Of Holistic Decomposition Of Any Set Of Any Natural Numbers As One Or More Sets Each With Some Periodicity Of The Number’s Non Integral Prime Basis Position Number. {Version 4}

Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi
Comments: 5 Pages.

In this research investigation, the author has detailed the Theory Of Holistic Decomposition Of Any Set Of Any Natural Numbers As One Or More Sets Each With Some Periodicity Of The Number’s Non Integral Prime Basis Position Number.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[183] viXra:1902.0235 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-13 05:23:19

The Proof of The ABC Conjecture - Part I: The Case c=a+1

Authors: Abdelmajid Ben Hadj Salem
Comments: 6 Pages. Submitted to the The Ramanujan Journal. Comments welcome.

In this paper, we consider the abc conjecture in the case c=a+1. Firstly, we give the proof of the first conjecture that c rad(ac). We choose the constant K(\epsilon) as K(\epsilon)=e^{\left(\frac{1}{\ep*2} \right)}. A numerical example is presented.
Category: Number Theory

[182] viXra:1902.0234 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-13 07:40:30

Mapping Historical Dark Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

A team led by the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe constructed a map of dark matter throughout the history of the universe by analysing images of more than ten million galaxies. [32] Key components for the sky-mapping Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), weighing about 12 tons, were hoisted atop the Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) near Tucson, Arizona, and bolted into place Wednesday, marking a major project milestone. [31]
Category: Astrophysics

[181] viXra:1902.0233 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-13 08:02:22

Hyperbolic Metamaterial Fingerprinting

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

Hyperbolic metamaterials are artificially made structures that can be formed by depositing alternating thin layers of a conductor such as silver or graphene onto a substrate. [41] For the first time scientists measured the vibrational structure of hydrogen and helium atoms by X-rays. [40] Laser physicists have succeeded in reducing the acquisition time for data required for reliable characterization of multidimensional electron motions by a factor of 1000. [39]
Category: Condensed Matter

[180] viXra:1902.0232 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-13 08:29:33

Multimaterial 3-D Laser Microprinting

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

Complex, three-dimensional (3-D) structures are regularly constructed using a reliable commercial method of 3-D laser micro- and nanoprinting. [42] A team led by University of Utah physicists has discovered how to fix a major problem that occurs in lasers made from a new type of material called quantum dots. [41] A team of researchers from the University of Central Florida and Michigan Technological University has developed a laser system concept built on the principles of supersymmetry. [40]
Category: Quantum Physics

[179] viXra:1902.0231 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-13 08:52:46

Mathematician Post-Stroke Therapy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

RUDN scientists have created a mathematical model describing changes in the properties of brain tissues after stroke. [37] But now, researchers from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam have developed a way to parse this dynamic behavior into digestible chunks. [36]
Category: Mind Science

[178] viXra:1902.0230 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-13 08:54:51

Solar Planet Data Geometrical Concepts Disproves the Current Theory

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 14 Pages.

I claim that, the Solar group current theory and description are incorrect completely And contradict directly with the solar planet data geometrical meanings… let's discuss one example only for explanation… Example No.1 How the planet orbital distance is defined? How does the planet move? By gravity… The gravitation equation defines the planet orbital distance… ! Let's examine this answer 1st critic / Mercury – Venus – Earth ….. these 3 planets order lead us to conclude that, there's some relationship between the planet diameter and his orbital distance With a clear rule "Greater Diameter needs Greater Orbital Distance" The current theory tells us this is pure coincidences! But There's similar order (but reversed). Let's see that Jupiter – Saturn – Uranus – Neptune – Pluto The previous order tells us a reversed rule "Greater Diameter needs Shorter Orbital Distance" Something is occurred with Mars which caused the rule to be reversed after Mars! The current theory still consider this second order also as "pure Coincidences" But Uranus Diameter is greater than Neptune Diameter, where Neptune Mass is greater than Uranus… that tells us the solar planets order is done depending on the diameter and not on the mass! disproving the gravity concept …! This critic also is "pure coincidences", the current theory still insists … 2nd Critic/ If the planet moves by gravity, and defines his orbital distance by the gravitation equation, which depends on the masses, why Jupiter isn't in place of Mercury? Why the greatest Mass has no shortest orbital distance? According to the gravitation equation (m/r2)? The told answer is because of the initial points!! And why we accept the gravitation equation based on that if there's no any proof for it?! For myself I try to understand and don't believe deeply the current theory So the conclusions are clear before my eyes 1-There's A Relationship Between The Planet Diameter And His Orbital Distance 2-Mars causes Disturbance For This Relationship In this paper I provide many similar points which disprove clearly the current theory and push us to find more sufficient theory to explain the solar group origin and motion.
Category: Astrophysics

[177] viXra:1902.0228 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-13 09:44:57

Magnetic Nanoparticles in Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 62 Pages.

Although magnetic nanoparticles are being used more and more in cell imaging and tissue bioengineering, what happens to them within stem cells in the long term remained undocumented. [42] Hyperbolic metamaterials are artificially made structures that can be formed by depositing alternating thin layers of a conductor such as silver or graphene onto a substrate. [41]
Category: Physics of Biology

[176] viXra:1902.0226 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 15:09:13

Time in Modern Physics.

Authors: Genrih Leonidovich Arutyunov
Comments: 3 Pages.

Modern physics is built and based on the concept of time, developed by Poincare. This article shows what Poincare’s concept of time is. And as based on the Poincaré concept of time, the The theory of relativity of Poincaré was built.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[175] viXra:1902.0224 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-05 17:43:25

From Hilbert to Dilbert: a Non-Orthodox Approach to Gravitation, Psychosynthesis, Economics, Cosmology and Other Issues

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache, Robert Neil Boyd, Yunita Umniyati, Daniel Chandra
Comments: 208 Pages. This book has been published by Divine Publisher. Your comments are welcome

This book took an unconventional theme because we submit an unorthodox theme too. Karl Popper’s epistemology suggests that when the theory is refuted by observation, then it is time to look for a set of new approaches. In the first chapter, it is shown that Hilbert’s axiomatic program has failed not only by experiment (Mie theory does not agree with experiment) but also in terms of logic (Gödel theorem). Therefore we set out a new approach, starting from an old theory of Isaac Newton. Dilbert cartoon series often offer surprising for old problems, especially in this era of corporatocracy. Now we would call such an out-of-the-box solution to the old Hilbert axiomatic program as Dilbert way (or Dilbertian, if you wish). Readers may ask : but what can physicists learn from Dilbert cartoons? While it seems not obvious at first glance, yes we believe there is a great character of Dilbert cartoon, i.e. to put it in one phrase: “out-of-the box and brutally honest.” We do think that such a brutal honesty is also needed in many fields of physics: from theoretical physics to applied physics, as will be discussed throughout this book.
Category: Geophysics

[174] viXra:1902.0223 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 18:39:18

Horn Torus Models for the Riemann Sphere and Division by Zero

Authors: Wolfgang W. D\"aumler, Hiroshi Okumura, Vyacheslav V. Puha, Saburou Saitoh
Comments: 16 Pages. We will introduce a beautiful horn torus model by Puha and D\"aumler for the Riemann sphere in complex analysis attaching the zero point and the point at infinity. Surprisingly enough, we can introduce analytical structure of conformality to the model.

In this paper, we will introduce a beautiful horn torus model by Puha and D\"aumler for the Riemann sphere in complex analysis attaching the zero point and the point at infinity. Surprisingly enough, we can introduce analytical structure of conformality to the model.
Category: Functions and Analysis

[173] viXra:1902.0222 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 22:36:59

Anomaly in Sign Function Probability Function Integration III

Authors: Han Geurdes
Comments: 7 Pages.

In the paper it is demonstrated that integration of products of sign functions and probability density functions such as in Bell’s formula for ±1 measurement functions, leads to inconsistencies. Keywords Inconsistency, Bell’s theorem.
Category: Quantum Physics

[172] viXra:1902.0221 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 23:41:31

A Remark of the Definition of $0/0=0$ by Brahmagupta

Authors: Hiroshi Okumura
Comments: 1 Page.

We consider why Brahmagupta did not refer to $z/0$ for $z\not=0$ but $0/0=0$.
Category: General Mathematics

[171] viXra:1902.0220 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-22 03:27:14

Comments on the Book "Architects of Intelligence" by Martin Ford in the Light of the SP Theory of Intelligence

Authors: J Gerard Wolff
Comments: 53 Pages.

The book "Architects of Intelligence" by Martin Ford presents conversations about AI between the author and influential researchers. Issues considered in the book are described in relation to features of the "SP System", meaning the "SP Theory of Intelligence" and its realisation in the "SP Computer Model", both outlined in an appendix. The SP System has the potential to solve most of the problems in AI described in the book, and some others. Strengths and potential of the SP System, which in many cases contrast with weaknesses of deep neural networks (DNNs), include the following: a top-down research strategy has yielded a system with a favourable combination of conceptual "Simplicity" with descriptive or explanatory "Power"; the SP System has strengths and potential with both symbolic and non-symbolic kinds of knowledge and processing; the system has strengths and long-term potential in pattern recognition; it is free of the tendency of DNNs to make large and unexpected errors in recognition; the system has strengths and potential in unsupervised learning, including grammatical inference; the SP Theory of Intelligence provides a theoretically coherent basis for generalisation and the avoidance of under- or over-generalisations; that theory of generalisation may help improve the safety of driverless; the SP system, unlike DNNs, can achieve learning from a single occurrence or experience; it has relatively tiny demands for computational resources and volumes of data, with potential for much higher speeds in learning; the system, unlike most DNNs, has strengths in transfer learning; unlike DNNs, it provides transparency in the representation of knowledge and an audit trail for all its processing; the system has strengths and potential in the processing of natural language; it exhibits several different kinds of probabilistic reasoning; the system has strengths and potential in commonsense reasoning and the representation of commonsense knowledge; other strengths include information compression, biological validity, scope for adaptation, and freedom from catastrophic forgetting. Despite the importance of motivations and emotions, no attempt has been made in the SP research to investigate these areas.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[170] viXra:1902.0219 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-13 03:48:34

Are Going to Smear Skis

Authors: A.I.Somsikov
Comments: 2 Pages. -

Futurology hypotheses
Category: Social Science

[169] viXra:1902.0217 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 06:19:19

Quantum Strangeness Electronics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

Advances in this fast-paced domain could improve devices for data storage and information processing and aid in the development of molecular switches, among other innovations. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38] Physicists at the Kastler Brossel Laboratory in Paris have reached a milestone in the combination of cold atoms and nanophotonics. [37] The universal laws governing the dynamics of interacting quantum particles are yet to be fully revealed to the scientific community. [36]
Category: Quantum Physics

[168] viXra:1902.0216 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 06:24:16

Una Integral Para pi Y Algunos Fractales

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 13 Pages.

Esta nota muestra una integral para la constante Pi y algunos fractales.
Category: General Mathematics

[167] viXra:1902.0215 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 06:26:02

The Joy of Pi

Authors: Edgar Valdebenito
Comments: 1 Page.

This note presents a logarithmic integral for Pi.
Category: General Mathematics

[166] viXra:1902.0214 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 06:44:11

Two-Dimensional Quantum Technology

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania's School of Engineering and Applied Science have now demonstrated a new hardware platform based on isolated electron spins in a two-dimensional material. [40] Advances in this fast-paced domain could improve devices for data storage and information processing and aid in the development of molecular switches, among other innovations. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38]
Category: Quantum Physics

[165] viXra:1902.0213 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 07:00:32

Questions in Quantum Computing

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

With enhanced understanding of this system, the Quantum Dynamics Unit aims to improve upon the industry standard for qubits – bits of quantum information. [41] Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania's School of Engineering and Applied Science have now demonstrated a new hardware platform based on isolated electron spins in a two-dimensional material. [40] Advances in this fast-paced domain could improve devices for data storage and information processing and aid in the development of molecular switches, among other innovations. [39]
Category: Quantum Physics

[164] viXra:1902.0212 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 07:17:16

Chiral Weyl Particles

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 21 Pages.

The group of physicist Sebastian Huber at ETH Zurich now reports experiments in which they got a handle on one of the defining properties of Weyl fermions—their chirality. [14] At TU Wien recently, particles known as 'Weyl fermions' were discovered in materials with strong interaction between electrons. Just like light particles, they have no mass but nonetheless they move extremely slowly. [13] Quantum behavior plays a crucial role in novel and emergent material properties, such as superconductivity and magnetism. [12]
Category: Quantum Physics

[163] viXra:1902.0211 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 07:36:30

An Alternative Model for the Inner Structure of a Proton (And an Explanation of the Nature of Matter)

Authors: Harald Iglseder
Comments: 3 Pages.

Abstract: In this article I want to describe a model for the inner structure of a proton, that is an alternative to the quark-model and yet consistent with it. Furthermore, this model explains the nature of matter in a very simple way and gives an answer to the question, why the amount of matter and antimatter is not the same within the universe.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[162] viXra:1902.0210 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 07:39:47

Hydrogen Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

For the first time scientists measured the vibrational structure of hydrogen and helium atoms by X-rays. [40] Laser physicists have succeeded in reducing the acquisition time for data required for reliable characterization of multidimensional electron motions by a factor of 1000. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38] Physicists at the Kastler Brossel Laboratory in Paris have reached a milestone in the combination of cold atoms and nanophotonics. [37]
Category: Quantum Physics

[161] viXra:1902.0209 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 08:15:25

The Covariant Energy-Momentum Conservation Law in General Relativity, an Overlooked Role of the Equivalence Principle

Authors: Mueiz Gafer KamalEldeen
Comments: 8 Pages.

Reconsideration of overlooked considerations about the Equivalence Principle leads to Covariant Energy-Momentum conservation law in General Theory of Relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[160] viXra:1902.0207 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 13:32:12

The Basis of Einstein's Theory of Relativity is the Local Poincare Time, and not the Constancy of the Speed of Light.

Authors: Genrih Leonidovich Arutyunov
Comments: 6 Pages.

This article shows how Poincare solved the problem of the crisis in physics. And it is shown what the Poincare principle of relativity is.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[159] viXra:1902.0204 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-11 18:46:02

A Meaning and Interpretation of Minus Areas of Figures by Means of Division by Zero

Authors: Saburou Saitoh
Comments: 6 Pages. A new very interesting interpretation for negative areas of figures.

In this paper, we give a simple and surprising interpretation of minus areas of figures by means of the division by zero calculus 1/0=0.
Category: General Mathematics

[158] viXra:1902.0201 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-12 03:29:39

Novel Ideas About Dark Matter and the SuSy Multiverse.

Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 18 Pages.

Recent discussions about the need for a successor of the Large Hadron Collider called the FCC Future Circular Collider (Cern), is reason to search for “Tweaks” or extensions of the current paradigms about Wimps (Weak Interacting Massive Particles) and Super Symmetric particles. Example: Nima Arkani-Hamed: “where in the world are SuSy and Wimps? Quantum FFF Theory ( Function Follows Form) seems to be able to fill in those questions by an adapted paradigm about special relativity, the SuSy multiverse based on instant entangled super symmetric particles and the suggestion for monopole photon based microscopic Wimps and Dark Matter Black Holes.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[157] viXra:1902.0200 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-11 06:24:07

A Theorem on Sum of Triple of Distinct Proper Fractions

Authors: Faisal Amin Yassein Abdelmohssin
Comments: 2 Pages.

I claim that the sum of following distinct proper fractions [(1/2),(1/3),(1/6)] is the only triple of distinct proper fraction that sum to 1 {i.e. [(1/2)+(1/3)+(1/6)]=1}.
Category: Number Theory

[156] viXra:1902.0199 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-11 06:56:20

Dynamically Disordered Materials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Theoretical physicists at Linköping University have developed a computational method to calculate the transition from one phase to another in dynamically disordered solid materials. [31] Researchers at Tokai University report in Nano Letters a systematic study on the effects that using different forms of titanium oxide in planar perovskite solar cells has on the performance of the devices. [30] KU Leuven researchers from the Roeffaers Lab and the Hofkens Group have now put forward a very promising direct X-ray detector design, based on a rapidly emerging halide perovskite semiconductor, with chemical formula Cs2AgBiBr6. [29]
Category: Condensed Matter

[155] viXra:1902.0198 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-11 07:32:31

Motor Enzyme Protects Genome

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

A helicase, Pfh1, can thanks to several different mechanisms protect the genome from DNA obstacles and damages associated with cancer. [28] The discovery that protein therapeutics can hijack the HOPS complex to gain access to the cell interior should help scientists design therapeutic proteins to treat diseases that are not adequately treated using other approaches, Schepartz said. [27] DNA regions susceptible to breakage and loss are genetic hot spots for important evolutionary changes, according to a Stanford study. [26]
Category: Physics of Biology

[154] viXra:1902.0195 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-11 08:39:31

Machine Learning Quantum Fireworks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

A greater understanding of these behaviors could one day feed into technology, he said, such as ways to extend the reach of quantum networks across greater distances. [25] Physicists in the US have used machine learning to determine the phase diagram of a system of 12 idealized quantum particles to a higher precision than ever before. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning—a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data—with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[153] viXra:1902.0194 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-11 09:35:34

Development of the Universe

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

The history of the universe is predicated on the idea that, compared to today, the universe was hotter and more symmetric in its early phase. [35] The universe consists of a massive imbalance between matter and antimatter. [34] Our universe could be the mirror image of an antimatter universe extending backwards in time before the Big Bang. [33]
Category: Astrophysics

[152] viXra:1902.0193 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-11 10:24:34

Electron's Trip Across a Border

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 27 Pages.

Electrons flowing across the boundary between two materials are the foundation of many key technologies, from flash memories to batteries and solar cells. [17] This new approach illuminates the origin of surface electromagnetic waves and explains why these waves appear at interfaces where one of the medium parameters (dielectric permittivity or magnetic permeability) changes its sign. [16] A team of physicists headed by Professor Sebastian Reineke of TU Dresden has developed a new method of storing information in fully transparent plastic foils. [15]
Category: Quantum Physics

[151] viXra:1902.0192 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-11 12:49:39

The Correct Theory of Electroweak Interaction

Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 7 Pages.

This is a review paper on electroweak (EW) interaction. Here we compared the orthodox EW theory with the EW theory described in the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST). We showed the true origin of the three mechanisms by which neutrinos and scalar and vector bosons/condensates acquire their gravitational mass. We calculated the surplus of baryonic matter from the properties of the inflation field and densities of fields. We present the EW equation that leads to the atom-like structure of baryons and we raise many other key issues on the basis of earlier scientific papers.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[150] viXra:1902.0190 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-10 14:23:48

Some Pieces to the Great Red Spot on Jupiter Puzzle

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 5 Pages.

This is a proposed reason there are red storms on Jupiter, with a few other ideas. The nitrogen and oxygen available in Jupiter's atmosphere, inside of ammonium hydrosulfide [(NH4)HS] and water (H2O) interact with UVB and UVC light. The high energy photons from UV light could break them down into their elemental forms, which can then recombine with each other forming dinitrogen tetroxide N2O4 a colorless gas, and a host of other compounds and molecules. For this paper though, I will focus on the Giant Red Spot maintaining equilibrium by converting N2O4 to NO2 and back to N2O4 again. This also provides a reason why hydrogen is lost in huge amounts, as more electronegative elements nitrogen and oxygen, begin dominating and forming more complex compounds.
Category: Astrophysics

[149] viXra:1902.0189 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-11 10:01:58

The Philosophy of Mathematics

Authors: Hugh Wang
Comments: 2 Pages.

What is mathematics? Why does it exist? Is it consistent? Is it complete? We answer these questions as well as resolve Russell’s Paradox and debunk Godel’s Incompleteness Theorem.
Category: Set Theory and Logic

[148] viXra:1902.0187 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-10 22:40:35

The Simple and Typical Physical Examples of the Division by Zero 1/0=0 by Ctes\'ibio (BC. 286-222) and e. Torricelli (1608 1646)

Authors: Saburou Saitoh
Comments: 6 Pages. By the concrete examples, we will be able to understand 1/0=0 with clear feelings.

The division by zero 1/0=0 was discovered on 2014.2.2, however, the result may still not be accepted widely with old and wrong feelings. Since we gave already logically mathematics on the division by zero, here we will give very good examples in order to see the division by zero 1/0=0 clearly. By these examples, we will be able to understand the division by zero as a trivial one.
Category: General Mathematics

[147] viXra:1902.0186 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-10 23:08:47

The Zero-Dimensional Point Particle

Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 7 Pages.

How does one get to zero dimension? In “The Ultimate Answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything is an Entangled 42” we found that the universe could be spheres made out of spheres, made of spheres, down to a cuboctahedron with outer layer of 42 spheres. The equation follows the patter of x^2+x. This same pattern can be used to become a ring of 6 spheres to two spheres to one sphere. This may be a mathematical curiosity, or it may have some basis in reality. The origin of the number 42 is shown in the appendix.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[146] viXra:1902.0184 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-11 16:18:47

Computation, Complexity, and P!=NP Proof

Authors: Hugh Wang
Comments: 2 Pages.

If we refer to a string for Turing machines as a guess and a rejectable substring a flaw, then all algorithms reject similarly flawed guesses flaw by flaw until they chance on an unflawed guess, settle with a flawed guess, or return the unflawed guesses. Deterministic algorithms therefore must identify all flaws before guessing flawlessly in the worst case. Time complexity is then bounded below by the order of the product of the least number of flaws to cover all flawed guesses and the least time to identify a flaw. Since there exists 3-SAT problems with an exponential number of flaws, 3-SAT is not in P, and therefore P!=NP.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[145] viXra:1902.0183 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-11 10:03:25

The Rise and Fall of Evolution

Authors: Hugh Wang
Comments: 2 Pages.

Jeremy England proposed in his “Statistical physics of self-replication” that energy dispersion drives evolution. Such is the explanatory power of his theory that we build on it to rethink the relationship between life and entropy as handed to us by Schodinger, to find a place for the origin and evolution of life within the cosmos, to explain the Cambrian Explosion and the Mass Extinctions from an entropic perspective, hence the title, and finally, to find a way out of the gloom and doom of global warming.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[144] viXra:1902.0182 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-11 02:15:05

Theory Of Holistic Decomposition Of Any Set Of Any Natural Numbers As One Or More Sets Each With Some Periodicity Of The Number’s Non Integral Prime Basis Position Number {Version 2}

Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi
Comments: 4 Pages.

In this research investigation, the author has detailed the Theory Of Holistic Decomposition Of Any Set Of Any Natural Numbers As One Or More Sets Each With Some Periodicity Of The Number’s Non Integral Prime Basis Position Number.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[143] viXra:1902.0181 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-10 06:06:40

Automatically Cool or Insulate

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 33 Pages.

University of Maryland researchers have created a fabric that can automatically regulate the amount of heat that passes through it. [21] At EPFL, Selman Sakar's research team has developed micromachines able to mechanically stimulate cells and microtissue. [20] Scientists from ITMO in collaboration with international colleagues have proposed new DNA-based nanomachines that can be used for gene therapy for cancer. [19] CRISPR is a technique that is revolutionizing biomedical research through high-precision genome editing. [18]
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[142] viXra:1902.0180 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-10 06:44:57

Sticky Situation at Nanoscale

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

Brown University researchers have made a discovery about the way things stick together at tiny scales that could be helpful in engineering micro- and nanoscale devices. [22] University of Maryland researchers have created a fabric that can automatically regulate the amount of heat that passes through it. [21] At EPFL, Selman Sakar's research team has developed micromachines able to mechanically stimulate cells and microtissue. [20] Scientists from ITMO in collaboration with international colleagues have proposed new DNA-based nanomachines that can be used for gene therapy for cancer. [19]
Category: Condensed Matter

[141] viXra:1902.0179 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-10 07:01:36

Biological Nanomaterials

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 37 Pages.

Collaboration between material scientists, biologists and chemists could advance the development of self-assembling nanomaterials, called nanoarchitectonics, argues a review in the journal Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. [23] Brown University researchers have made a discovery about the way things stick together at tiny scales that could be helpful in engineering micro- and nanoscale devices. [22] University of Maryland researchers have created a fabric that can automatically regulate the amount of heat that passes through it. [21] At EPFL, Selman Sakar's research team has developed micromachines able to mechanically stimulate cells and microtissue. [20]
Category: Physics of Biology

[140] viXra:1902.0178 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-10 08:27:33

Oxygen Tetrahedrons and Octahedrons in Biology

Authors: Zyryanova N.V., Savelyev I., Myakishev-Rempel M.
Comments: 7 Pages. In English и на русском языке

Uncentrosymmetric oxygen tetrahedrons and octahedrons produce piezoelectricity. In main biological molecules there are phosphorus-oxygen tetrahedrons. Biological molecules is uncentrosymmetric, and phosphorus-oxygen tetrahedrons enhance its reactivity. We suppose that oxygen octahedrons and tetrahedrons produce electricity in living organisms, and the electricity is condition for many biological phenomenon.
Category: Physics of Biology

[139] viXra:1902.0176 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-09 19:21:51

Simple Explanation of Gravity Through Observation of Natural Phenomena

Authors: Jasin El Sammadoni
Comments: 5 Pages. new observations on gravity

this is a paper attempting to put forwards some new findings on gravity, how it is generated and it's nature through looking at different observations of naturally occurring phenomena
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[138] viXra:1902.0175 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-04 06:07:41

Theory of Quantum Gravity

Authors: Ravindra Sidramappa Mundase
Comments: 9 Pages.

Basically this theory has been developed to propose an oscillating universe. According to my theory, the matter is the only origin of gravity. In this theory all fundamental physical entities such as space, time, matter, force, energy and others are used in their usual meanings as in classical mechanics. The space and time are not related to each other. The space and time are independent.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[137] viXra:1902.0174 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-10 00:49:30

Theory Of Holistic Decomposition Of Any Set Of Any Natural Numbers As One Or More Sets Each With Some Periodicity Of The Number’s Non Integral Prime Basis Position Number

Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi
Comments: 4 Pages.

In this research investigation, the author has detailed the Theory Of Holistic Decomposition Of Any Set Of Any Natural Numbers As One Or More Sets Each With Some Periodicity Of The Number’s Non Integral Prime Basis Position Number.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[136] viXra:1902.0173 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-10 03:35:11

Nanomachines Fight Cancer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

Scientists from ITMO in collaboration with international colleagues have proposed new DNA-based nanomachines that can be used for gene therapy for cancer. [19] CRISPR is a technique that is revolutionizing biomedical research through high-precision genome editing. [18] The DNA molecules are chiral, which means they can exist in two forms which are mirror images, like a left and right hand. The phenomenon was dubbed "chiral induced spin selectivity" (CISS), and over the last few years, several experiments were published allegedly showing this CISS effect, even in electronic devices. [17]
Category: Physics of Biology

[135] viXra:1902.0172 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-10 04:00:21

Gummy-Like Robots Prevent Disease

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 31 Pages.

At EPFL, Selman Sakar's research team has developed micromachines able to mechanically stimulate cells and microtissue. [20] Scientists from ITMO in collaboration with international colleagues have proposed new DNA-based nanomachines that can be used for gene therapy for cancer. [19] CRISPR is a technique that is revolutionizing biomedical research through high-precision genome editing. [18] The DNA molecules are chiral, which means they can exist in two forms which are mirror images, like a left and right hand. The phenomenon was dubbed "chiral induced spin selectivity" (CISS), and over the last few years, several experiments were published allegedly showing this CISS effect, even in electronic devices. [17]
Category: Physics of Biology

[134] viXra:1902.0170 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-09 04:59:25

Conducting Edges in 2-D Material

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

A research team comprised of scientists at the University of California, Riverside, and the University of Washington has for the first time directly imaged "edge conduction" in monolayer tungsten ditelluride, or WTe2, a newly discovered 2-D topological insulator and quantum material. [41] A team of researchers at the University of Chicago has developed a circuit platform for the exploration of quantum matter made of strongly interacting microwave photons. [40]
Category: Condensed Matter

[133] viXra:1902.0169 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-09 05:31:27

Envelope to Aluminum Plasmonics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 65 Pages.

When Rice University chemist and engineer Hossein Robatjazi set out to marry a molecular sieve called MOF to a plasmonic aluminum nanoparticle two years ago, he never imagined the key would be the same process nature uses to petrify wood. [42] A research team comprised of scientists at the University of California, Riverside, and the University of Washington has for the first time directly imaged "edge conduction" in monolayer tungsten ditelluride, or WTe2, a newly discovered 2-D topological insulator and quantum material. [41]
Category: Condensed Matter

[132] viXra:1902.0168 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-09 05:50:49

Pictionary-Like Game in Robots

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

At the Allen Institute of Artificial Intelligence, a private research center perched on the north shore of Lake Union in Seattle, computer scientists are working on imbuing software with humanlike abilities to recognize images and understand language that could someday make that sort of collaboration possible. [30] A study by the Centre for Cognitive Science at TU Darmstadt shows that AI machines can indeed learn a moral compass from humans. [29] A group of researchers from MIT have already developed an AI robot that can assist in a labour room. [28]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[131] viXra:1902.0166 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-10 04:43:55

“Resemblance of Neutrinos with Different Quantum–Oscillating Flavor and Mass“

Authors: Imrich Krištof
Comments: 10 Pages.

This presented tech–science paper is focused on main themes of evolution and history of research of neutrinos – elusive elementary particles. The highlights is dedicated to the scheme of born and reborn and cascade decay hierarchic high energy particles, called hyperons (lambda, sigma, xi, epsilon, omega) and main position particles called mezons (mion, pion, kaon, rhó meson, éta meson, phí meson, omega meson, J/Ψ (J-Psí meson), h1 meson, a0-meson f1, f2 meson). This Sun or starshowers fall in energetic clusters and clouds on each cm-2, of Earth’s surface (φ average flux of neutrinos 10 billions neutrinos on cm2/sec. (1010 cm-2.s-1) for Eν > 7 MeV ->~ 106 cm-2.s-1). Cross section of neutrinos is very small σνN = 10-42 m2 – 10-48 m2 = 10-19 barn, 1 barn is an unit of cross section. In the Ending part of starshowers the photons, phonons and electron, mion, and tauon are detected in photomultipliers and scintillators, like a Cherenkov radiation – hyperrelativistic electrons, photons and mions and tauons, visually Fig. 4 Neutrino Detector SUDBURY(SNO) Canada. The main part of paper is focused on NEUTRINO FLAVOR AND MASS. According Pauli and Fermi–Dirac and Bose–Einstein Statistical Laws each particle is conjugated with its own antiparticles: electron (e-) and positron (e+), electron neutrino and electron antineutrino, quark beauty / bottom and antiquark beauty / bottom. In the text is not forget the facts about 11 NOVEMBER 1974 – particles J/Ψ REVOLUTION MESONS J/Ψ consist of beauty quark and beauty antiquark. The Pioneer work of Clyde L. Cowan, Jr. and Frederick Reines in Hanford and Savannah River Plant lead to fundamental discovery and detection of neutrinos. On Fig. 7 is described Cowan–Reines Neutrino Experiment. In the End of this text is situation of Neutrinos and The Standard Model of particles. The goal of this work is clarified the evolution and theoretical background of elementary particles – neutrinos.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[130] viXra:1902.0165 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-09 11:35:51

On Forced Parallelism Within Characteristic States

Authors: Divyansh Mansukhani
Comments: 1 Page.

Characteristic states are shown to necessitate at least one parallel state to fulfil basic normalization. For this, an operator to input arbitrary state is formulated using inner product between dependent states.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[129] viXra:1902.0164 [pdf] replaced on 2019-05-14 09:50:10

Unified Principles of Nature : Solution to the Problem of Time : ToE

Authors: Manfred U.E.Pohl
Comments: 11 Pages.

Although the concept of time was discussed intensively by authors over centuries the „problem of time“ is prominent today again in quantum gravity. As quantum physicists believe a more detailed understanding of the entanglement of time could lead to a unification of quantum-mechanics with general relativity, the author explores the „problem of time“ in a deductive approach. Upon the solution of the problem of time, unified principles of nature are then postulated to integrate Newtonian laws, general relativity and quantum mechanics into one framework, offering a perspective to a new world model and a framework for the TOE.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[128] viXra:1902.0163 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-09 12:13:19

New Theory of Quantization and Mass of Waves' Particles Elecrtons Generate Waves and Waves Generate Electrons

Authors: Yaseen Ali Mohamed Al Azzam
Comments: 6 Pages.

By an alternative interpretation of Compton effect experiment, I concluded that waves generate electrons and that waves and electrons are quantized into units of mass (which I called phosons). The phoson is defined as a fundamental unit of energy carried by a variable mass and the origin of quantization where phosons are the waves’ particles which also comprise the electrons’ mass. Photons were just a misinterpretation of the photoelectric experiment and were confused with the waves’ power ( the waves’ energy in one second time) which came in accordance of our measurement units
Category: Quantum Physics

[127] viXra:1902.0162 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-09 12:09:45

Quantization of Poisson Brackets

Authors: Antoine Balan
Comments: 1 page, written in english

We propose a quantization of the Poisson brackets. We introduce the non-commutativity of the endomorphisms of fiber bundles for quantized Poisson brackets.
Category: Quantum Physics

[126] viXra:1902.0161 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-08 22:48:09

Radio Frequency Water Treatment: Phenomenon and Explanation of Enhanced Water Transport in a Plant.

Authors: Andrew Holster
Comments: 38 Pages.

Radio frequency electromagnetic treatment of water using a commercial device (Vi Aqua Plantmate) was found to increase water transport in a plant by 20% - 35%, under suitable conditions. The experimental phenomenon is briefly presented, and the problem of explaining the effects is then examined. It is concluded that the EM treatment has long-lasting effects on water, and inferred that this reflects a structural property of the water. This water structure enhances capillarity and osmosis. It is suggested this is related to EZ structure. (Converted Powerpoint presentation from the 2017 Water Conference, Bulgaria).
Category: Physics of Biology

[125] viXra:1902.0158 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-09 00:13:06

Process Algebra/ccs/est to Probe Smart Devices & Iot Communications a Simple Suggestion on Using Est in Smart Devices/iot Informatics Domains.

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 3 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

Process Algebra/CCS/EST - To Probe Smart Devices & IoT- Communications A Simple Suggestion on Using EST in Smart Devices/IoT- informatics Domains.
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[124] viXra:1902.0157 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-09 00:12:48

Wound Healing Potential of Biofield Energy Treatment in HaCaT Cell Line Using Scratch Assay

Authors: Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 7 Pages.

Wounds may be acute, subacute, or chronic and are the common clinical life entities. It is a complex biochemical process to restore the cell structures that depends upon cell proliferation and migration, mainly by keratinocytes and fibroblast cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the Biofield Energy Treatment (Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment-The Trivedi Effect®) in the HaCaT cell line (Human keratinocytes) and DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium) for wound healing action using scratch assay (48 hours) against positive control i.e., recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor (Hu-EGF, 30 ng/mL). In vitro scratch assay monitored proliferation and migration of keratinocytes in the scratched wounded area using WimScratch Image analysis software. The results showed that the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM group have significantly higher percentage of keratinocytes migration i.e., 35.4%, while no migration was monitored in the Biofield Energy Treated HaCaT cells as compared with the baseline control group. Additionally, the percentage of scratch area was significantly decreased by 7.3% in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM, while an increased scratched area was reported by 14% in the Biofield Energy Treated cells. Hence, the results using scratch assay showed a promising scientific approach to differentiate the Biofield Energy Treatment on cells or media for their wound healing potential. The data concluded that The Trivedi Effect® has the significant capability in wound healing activity in DMEM as compared with the HaCaT cell line with respect to the cell migration and reduced wound scratched area. Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment (The Trivedi Effect®) can be used as a complementary and alternative approach to improve the cellular migration and proliferation and can be used in psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, skin cancer, rashes from bacterial or fungal infections as anti-wrinkling, skin-whitening, anti-ageing, and rejuvenating agent.
Category: Biochemistry

[123] viXra:1902.0156 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-09 02:15:11

Hypothesis of Tetraverse

Authors: Ilgaitis Prūsis, Peteris Prūsis
Comments: 5 pages, 3 figures

This paper discloses a hypothesis how four Universes can emerge from one photon. Two of them contain ordinary matter and antimatter. The other two contain matter of magnetic monopoles and antimonopoles. In magnetic matter atoms are bound together by magnetic forces, the electric field can be only solenoidal and electric charges cannot be separated from one another.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[122] viXra:1902.0155 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-09 02:13:13

Transmon Quantum Computer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

The researchers report controlling quantum phenomena in a custom-designed electrical circuit called a transmon. [41] A team of researchers at the University of Chicago has developed a circuit platform for the exploration of quantum matter made of strongly interacting microwave photons. [40] Laser physicists have succeeded in reducing the acquisition time for data required for reliable characterization of multidimensional electron motions by a factor of 1000. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38]
Category: Quantum Physics

[121] viXra:1902.0154 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-09 03:19:58

Quantum Mechanics as a Reactive Probabilistic System

Authors: Germano Resconi, Santanu Kumar Patro, Amrit Srecko Sorli
Comments: 20 Pages.

In this paper, we present quantum mechanics as a reactive system. To show this we introduce the holography as a reactive system. Illumination of the object and reference beam create sources (hologram) that activated by the same reference beam react in a way to produce the image Controlled chemical system react to the external or internal change generate new sources (chemical product) that diffuses in the body environment establish a new equilibrium. The droplets bouncing on a vertical vibrating fluid bath that simulate the main quantum phenomena is a reactive system between droplets and vibrating fluid. We show that quantum mechanics is a probabilistic reactive system between quantum potential and pseudo kinetic energy in which an integral is the Fisher information. We show that quantum mechanics can be built by only the probability normalization properties without assuming any other hypothesis. With join probability and Euler Lagrange equation we can find the quantum potential and with the continuity equation, we show that with only probability approach it is possible to give a meaning to the Schrodinger equation without any thermo-dynamical model of quantum mechanics. The reactive system can be denoted as a morphogenetic system where the form is generated by some designed rules or properties.
Category: Quantum Physics

[120] viXra:1902.0153 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-27 11:52:24

Who was Madame Calment?

Authors: Philip Gibbs
Comments: 11 Pages.

Jeanne Calment is said to have died at 122 years old in 1997, holding the record for the oldest validated person who ever lived. However doubts have been raised that in fact her daughter Yvonne may have made an identity switch in 1934. In this discussion document I look at what new evidence may be sought to settle the question of her authenticity. In particular I propose that a test for autozygosity in the DNA of Mme Calment would distinguish Jeanne from Yvonne.
Category: Social Science

[119] viXra:1902.0152 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-09 04:14:03

Infrared Imaging Performance

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 85 Pages.

A new method developed by Northwestern Engineering's Manijeh Razeghi has greatly reduced a type of image distortion caused by the presence of spectral cross-talk between dual-band long-wavelength photodetectors. [49] Plasmonic materials can uniquely control the electromagnetic spectrum due to nano-scale surface architecture. [48] A research group led by Yasuhiro Kuramitsu at Osaka University has revealed a magnetic reconnection driven by electron dynamics for the first time ever in laser-produced plasmas using the Gekko XII laser facility at the Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University. [47]
Category: Quantum Physics

[118] viXra:1902.0151 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-08 05:44:49

Theory Of Holistic Decomposition Of Any Set Of Given Primes As One Or More Sets Each With Some Periodicity Of The Prime Number’s Basis Position Number

Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi
Comments: 3 Pages.

In this research investigation, the author has detailed the Theory Of Holistic Decomposition Of Any Set Of Given Primes As One Or More Sets Each With Some Periodicity Of The Prime Number’s Basis Position Number.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[117] viXra:1902.0150 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-08 06:42:34

5 Hábitos Que Ayudan a Que Tus Dientes se Vean Amarillos

Authors: Laura Smith
Comments: 2 Pages.

Un aspecto que preocupa mucho a las personas es el color de sus dientes pues en ocasiones éstos tienden a “amarillear”. Un blanqueamiento dental podría ser la solución a este problema, pero hay algunos hábitos que afectan negativamente y que quizá no sean demasiado conocidos. Descúbrelos aquí.
Category: Education and Didactics

[116] viXra:1902.0149 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-08 08:18:11

Disorder Traps Sound and Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 61 Pages.

Sound and light are crucial for our life and are essential in many energy, communication and information technologies. [40] Laser physicists have succeeded in reducing the acquisition time for data required for reliable characterization of multidimensional electron motions by a factor of 1000. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38] Physicists at the Kastler Brossel Laboratory in Paris have reached a milestone in the combination of cold atoms and nanophotonics. [37]
Category: Condensed Matter

[115] viXra:1902.0148 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-08 08:47:51

Laser System Built on Supersymmetry

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

A team of researchers from the University of Central Florida and Michigan Technological University has developed a laser system concept built on the principles of supersymmetry. [40] Laser physicists have succeeded in reducing the acquisition time for data required for reliable characterization of multidimensional electron motions by a factor of 1000. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38]
Category: Quantum Physics

[114] viXra:1902.0147 [pdf] replaced on 2019-05-03 15:42:36

Definitive Proof of the Near-Square Prime Conjecture, Landau’s Fourth Problem

Authors: Kenneth A. Watanabe
Comments: 9 Pages.

The Near-Square Prime conjecture, states that there are an infinite number of prime numbers of the form x^2 + 1. In this paper, a function was derived that determines the number of prime numbers of the form x^2 + 1 that are less than n^2 + 1 for large values of n. Then by mathematical induction, it is proven that as the value of n goes to infinity, the function goes to infinity, thus proving the Near-Square Prime conjecture.
Category: Number Theory

[113] viXra:1902.0146 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-08 09:15:59

Laser Wavelength Splitting

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 62 Pages.

A team led by University of Utah physicists has discovered how to fix a major problem that occurs in lasers made from a new type of material called quantum dots. [41] A team of researchers from the University of Central Florida and Michigan Technological University has developed a laser system concept built on the principles of supersymmetry. [40] Laser physicists have succeeded in reducing the acquisition time for data required for reliable characterization of multidimensional electron motions by a factor of 1000. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38]
Category: Quantum Physics

[112] viXra:1902.0145 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-08 10:15:02

Protective Electromagnetic Fields

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

Scientists never suspected that they had any tangible impact on life on Earth. But a new Tel Aviv University study finds that these fields may have protective properties for organisms living under stress conditions. [42] A team led by University of Utah physicists has discovered how to fix a major problem that occurs in lasers made from a new type of material called quantum dots. [41] A team of researchers from the University of Central Florida and Michigan Technological University has developed a laser system concept built on the principles of supersymmetry. [40]
Category: Physics of Biology

[111] viXra:1902.0144 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-08 10:39:53

Crispr Using Long DNA Fragments

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 29 Pages.

CRISPR is a technique that is revolutionizing biomedical research through high-precision genome editing. [18] The DNA molecules are chiral, which means they can exist in two forms which are mirror images, like a left and right hand. The phenomenon was dubbed "chiral induced spin selectivity" (CISS), and over the last few years, several experiments were published allegedly showing this CISS effect, even in electronic devices. [17]
Category: Physics of Biology

[110] viXra:1902.0142 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-07 15:34:35

On the Probabilistic Nature of Observable Phenomena.

Authors: Muhammad Ali
Comments: 15 Pages.

This paper proposes a Gadenkan experiment named “Observer’s Dilemma”, to investigate the probabilistic nature of observable phenomena. It has been reasoned that probabilistic nature in, otherwise uniquely deterministic phenomena can be introduced due to lack of information of underlying governing laws. Through theoretical consequences of the experiment, concepts of ‘Absolute Complete’ and ‘Observably Complete” theories have been introduced. Furthermore, nature of reality being ‘absolute’ and ‘observable’ have been discussed along with the possibility of multiple realities being true for observer. In addition, certain aspects of quantum mechanics have been interpreted. It has been argued that quantum mechanics is an ‘observably complete’ theory and its nature is to give probabilistic predictions. Lastly, it has been argued that “Everettian - Many world” interpretation of quantum mechanics is very real and true in the framework of ‘observable nature of reality’, for humans.
Category: Quantum Physics

[109] viXra:1902.0138 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-07 22:47:16

Sum One Over X at Infinity is Equal to the Euler–Mascheroni Constant.

Authors: John Sherfey
Comments: 1 Page. Idk

This is a test to see how well this works
Category: General Mathematics

[108] viXra:1902.0136 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-08 03:10:15

Theory Of Decomposition Of Any Set Of Given Primes As One Or More Sets Each With Some Periodicity Of The Prime Number’s Basis Position Number

Authors: Ramesh Chandra Bagadi
Comments: 3 Pages.

In this research investigation, the author has detailed the Theory Of Decomposition Of Any Set Of Given Primes As One Or More Sets Each With Some Periodicity Of The Prime Number’s Basis Position Number.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[107] viXra:1902.0135 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-08 03:12:09

Emerging NUI-based Methods for User Authentication: A New Taxonomy and Survey

Authors: Napa Sae-Bae, Jonathan Wu, Nasir Memon, Janusz Konrad, Prakash Ishwar
Comments: 28 Pages.

As the convenience and cost benefits of Natural User Interface (NUI) technologies are hastening their wide adoption, computing devices equipped with such interfaces are becoming ubiquitous. Used for a broad range of applications, from accessing email and bank accounts to home automation and interacting with a healthcare provider, such devices require, more than ever before, a secure yet convenient user authentication mechanism. This paper introduces a new taxonomy and presents a survey of “point-of-entry” user-device authentication mechanisms that employ a natural user interaction. The taxonomy allows a grouping of the surveyed techniques based on the sensor type used to capture user input, the actuator a user applies during interaction, and the credential type used for authentication. A set of security and usability evaluation criteria are then proposed based on the Bonneau, Herley, Van Oorschot and Stajano framework. An analysis of a selection of techniques and, more importantly, the broader taxonomy elements they belong to, based on these evaluation criteria, are provided. This analysis and taxonomy provide a framework for the comparison of different authentication alternatives given an application and a targeted threat model. Similarly, the taxonomy and analysis also offer insights into possibly unexplored, yet potentially rewarding, research avenues for NUI-based user authentication that could be explored.
Category: Digital Signal Processing

[106] viXra:1902.0134 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-08 04:39:01

Protein Folding Mechanisms – An Introduction & Novel Suggestion based on Dijkstra’s Algorithm.

Authors: DNTKumar
Comments: 3 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

Protein Folding Mechanisms – An Introduction & Novel Suggestion based on Dijkstra’s Algorithm.
Category: Data Structures and Algorithms

[105] viXra:1902.0133 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-08 04:28:58

Evaluation of the Effect of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Withania Somnifera

Authors: Alice Branton, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 11 Pages.

Ashwagandha root extract is a well-known popular health supplement, which is used in many nutraceutical and pharmaceutical formulations for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. This study was performed to evaluate the influence of the Trivedi Effect on the physicochemical and thermal properties of ashwagandha root extract using modern analytical techniques. One part of the test sample was considered as the control sample (no Biofield Energy Treatment), where as the second part was treated with Biofield Energy remotely by a famous Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton and was labelled as the treated sample. The particle size values were significantly decreased by 36.96%(d10), 20.26%(d50), 8.95%(d90), and 11.25%{D(4,3)} thus the specific surface area was significantly increased by 27.85% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The evaporation temperature and latent heat of evaporation of the treated sample were significantly decreased by 14.37% and 84.09%, respectively compared with the control sample. The total weight loss was increased by 11.37%; however, the residue amount was 73.67% less in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment created a new form of ashwagandha root extract which can be used for designing new nutraceutical/pharmaceutical formulations for the treatment of insomnia, hypoglycemia, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disorders, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

[104] viXra:1902.0131 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-07 05:14:14

Impact of the Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing on Growth and Yield of the Plant Stem Cells Culture

Authors: Alice Branton, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 5 Pages.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Biofield Energy Healing Treatment on the plant callus of Mandukparni (Centella asiatica), Katsarika (Barleria cristata), and Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) in Murashige & Skoog liquid medium (MS) for their yield on day 7. All the three plant callus and MS liquid media were divided into two parts, one part was received Biofield Energy Treatment (known as The Trivedi Effect®-Energy Of Consciousness Healing Treatment) by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton through the Healer’s unique Energy Transmission process remotely and defined as Biofield Energy Treated group. Another part did not receive any treatment and defined as the control group. On day 7 after the treatment, the flasks were observed and visualized under the phase contrast microscope for monitoring the cell growth and photomicrographs were captured at 200X magnification along with the wet weight of the callus cultures. Experimental data suggested that all the three plants viz. Mandukparni, Katsarika, and Amla callus showed significantly improved growth rate after seven days as compared with the respective untreated groups. The growth of the callus (weight in mg) of Mandukparni, Katsarika and Amla callus after 7 days of the Biofield Energy Treatment was 289.7, 348.5, and 512 mg respectively. However, the percentage increase in weight of the callus in Mandukparni, Katsarika, and Amla was 3.3%, 7.7%, and 79.6%, respectively as compared with the untreated group. Hence, the results indicated that there was a significant growth observed after The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Treatment in the tested plant stem cells. It can be concluded that The Trivedi Effect® would be used as a complementary and alternative treatment to maximize most valuable natural products yield and quality best quality such as herbal medicinal plants, food and dietary supplements, flavoring and coloring agents, cosmetics and fragrance products, and many more.
Category: Biochemistry

[103] viXra:1902.0130 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-07 05:15:01

The Effect of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the Physico-chemical and Thermal Properties of L-Cysteine

Authors: Alice Branton, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

L-cysteine is an essential amino acid and the basic building block of glutathione (denoted as the mother of all antioxidants). The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the physicochemical and thermal properties of L-cysteine. The test sample was divided into control and treated samples. No treatment was given to the control sample, while the other portion remotely received the Biofield Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton, and was termed as the treated sample. The particle size values were significantly reduced by 10.78%(d10), 13.46%(d50), 14.84%(d90), and 13.95%{D(4, 3)}, thus, the specific surface area was significantly increased by 14.28% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The PXRD peak intensities and crystallite sizes were significantly altered ranging from -79.18% to 335.64% and -82.68% to 294.32%, respectively; however, the average crystallite size was significantly reduced by 42.93% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The latent heat of decomposition corresponding to 1st and 2nd peak of the treated sample was significantly reduced by 18.84% and 7.05%, respectively, compared with the control sample. The total weight loss was reduced by 2.53%; however, the residue weight was significantly increased by 784.73% in the treated sample in contrast to the control sample. Thus, the Biofield Treated L-cysteine might be more efficacious and advantageous to prepare pharmaceutical/nutraceutical dosage forms with improved solubility and bioavailability profile compared to the untreated sample, which can be used against various diseases/disorders such as bronchitis, COPD, psychosis, stress, aging, etc.
Category: Chemistry

[102] viXra:1902.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-07 05:23:16

New Type of Magnet

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 47 Pages.

A team of scientists has discovered the first robust example of a new type of magnet—one that holds promise for enhancing the performance of data storage technologies. [30] Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) have been attracting a lot of attention recently. This is because of the increased demand for faster, longer-lasting and lower-energy IT systems, and the need for higher data storage capacity. [29] Researchers have discovered that using an easily made combination of materials might be the way to offer a more stable environment for smaller and safer data storage, ultimately leading to miniature computers. [28]
Category: Condensed Matter

[101] viXra:1902.0128 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-07 06:03:51

Laser Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

Laser physicists have succeeded in reducing the acquisition time for data required for reliable characterization of multidimensional electron motions by a factor of 1000. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38] Physicists at the Kastler Brossel Laboratory in Paris have reached a milestone in the combination of cold atoms and nanophotonics. [37] The universal laws governing the dynamics of interacting quantum particles are yet to be fully revealed to the scientific community. [36]
Category: Quantum Physics

[100] viXra:1902.0125 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-07 10:36:10

New Particles using Black Holes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

While current gravitational wave observations aren't yet sensitive enough to observe the effect, this will certainly become an important target of future experiments. [32] One of the most cataclysmic events to occur in the cosmos involves the collision of two black holes. [31] Black holes are known for their voracious appetites, binging on matter with such ferocity that not even light can escape once it's swallowed up. [30] During the formation of a black hole, a bright burst of very energetic light in the form of gamma rays is produced, these events are called gamma ray bursts. [29]
Category: Astrophysics

[99] viXra:1902.0124 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-07 11:05:13

Strongly Interacting Microwave Photons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

A team of researchers at the University of Chicago has developed a circuit platform for the exploration of quantum matter made of strongly interacting microwave photons. [40] Laser physicists have succeeded in reducing the acquisition time for data required for reliable characterization of multidimensional electron motions by a factor of 1000. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38]
Category: Quantum Physics

[98] viXra:1902.0123 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-07 11:30:17

Moral Compass from Human Text

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

A study by the Centre for Cognitive Science at TU Darmstadt shows that AI machines can indeed learn a moral compass from humans. [29] A group of researchers from MIT have already developed an AI robot that can assist in a labour room. [28] Researchers at Fukuoka University, in Japan, have recently proposed a design methodology for configurable approximate arithmetic circuits. [27]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[97] viXra:1902.0122 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-07 13:02:02

Top-Level Research in Physics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 62 Pages.

Experiments in astrophysics and nuclear and particle physics are crucial to analyse how the universe works. [41] A team of researchers at the University of Chicago has developed a circuit platform for the exploration of quantum matter made of strongly interacting microwave photons. [40] Laser physicists have succeeded in reducing the acquisition time for data required for reliable characterization of multidimensional electron motions by a factor of 1000. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[96] viXra:1902.0121 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-07 13:17:34

Big Step in Nanolaser Design

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 62 Pages.

Lasers are widely used in household appliances, medicine, industry, telecommunications and more. Several years ago, scientists introduced nanolasers. [40] Laser physicists have succeeded in reducing the acquisition time for data required for reliable characterization of multidimensional electron motions by a factor of 1000. [39] Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38]
Category: Quantum Physics

[95] viXra:1902.0120 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-06 14:28:31

A Mathematical Timeline of Our Universe

Authors: Arturo Tozzi
Comments: 13 Pages.

We propose an unusual history of the Universe, drawing a coherent chronology from pre-big bang scenarios to the occurence of the human brain. Our math-framed account emphasizes the explanatory role of broken symmetries and topological features in physical, biological, neuroscientific and medical events.
Category: Physics of Biology

[94] viXra:1902.0118 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-06 20:54:33

Correlation of the Fine-Structure Constant to the Cosmic Horizon and Planck Length

Authors: Ankur S. Bhatt, F.M. Becker
Comments: 8 Pages.

The following paper derives the fine-structure constant. This derivation suggests that the fine-structure constant can be theoretically determined as the spectrum range of all the energy modes fitting inside the observable universe. This corresponds to the number of allowed radiation modes of a particle from the cosmic horizon down to Planck length. Additionally, an association between Newton's Law of Gravity and Coulomb's Law suggests there is a connection between mass and charge via the fine-structure constant.
Category: Quantum Physics

[93] viXra:1902.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-07 01:05:38

Полное доказательство великой теоремы Ферма методом деления

Authors: Ведерников Сергей Иванович
Comments: 11 Pages.

Простое доказательство инструментами элементарной алгебры.
Category: Algebra

[92] viXra:1902.0115 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-07 02:02:51

Electron Flow in Quantum Wires

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 59 Pages.

Princeton researchers have demonstrated a new way of making controllable "quantum wires" in the presence of a magnetic field, according to a new study published in Nature. [38] Physicists at the Kastler Brossel Laboratory in Paris have reached a milestone in the combination of cold atoms and nanophotonics. [37] The universal laws governing the dynamics of interacting quantum particles are yet to be fully revealed to the scientific community. [36] Now NIST scientists have designed a vacuum gauge that is small enough to deploy in commonly used vacuum chambers. [35]
Category: Quantum Physics

[91] viXra:1902.0113 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-12 11:15:18

The Zitterbewegung and the de Broglie Wavelength

Authors: Jean Louis Van Belle
Comments: 11 Pages.

This paper explores some more philosophical aspects of the Zitterbewegung model of an electron, including a geometric interpretation of the de Broglie wavelength.
Category: Quantum Physics

[90] viXra:1902.0112 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-07 04:02:45

How Certain Nuclei Split

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology have extended an existing mathematical model so that it can be used to more accurately predict the products of fission reactions. [30] The nuclear force that holds protons and neutrons together in the center of atoms has a non-central component—the tensor force, which depends on the spin and relative position of the interacting particles. [29] Physicists at the TU Darmstadt and their collaboration partners have performed laser spectroscopy on cadmium isotopes to confirm an improved model of the atomic nucleus. [28] Protons in neutron-rich nuclei have a higher average energy than previously thought, according to a new analysis of electron scattering data that was first collected in 2004. [27]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[89] viXra:1902.0111 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-07 04:52:18

DNA Molecular Mystery

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

The DNA molecules are chiral, which means they can exist in two forms which are mirror images, like a left and right hand. The phenomenon was dubbed "chiral induced spin selectivity" (CISS), and over the last few years, several experiments were published allegedly showing this CISS effect, even in electronic devices. [17] Chemist Ivan Huc finds the inspiration for his work in the molecular principles that underlie biological systems. [16] What makes particles self-assemble into complex biological structures? [15]
Category: Physics of Biology

[88] viXra:1902.0110 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-06 04:57:52

Planck Force, The Strong force and Dirac’s Large Number Hypothesis

Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 3 Pages.

The strong force, within the proton, has been measured by Jefferson Laboratories [1], to about 7000 newtons. This paper proposes that Planck Force, Planck Pressure are manifestations of the properties of the Neutron and the Planck Sphere which is the building block of our Hubble Universe.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[87] viXra:1902.0109 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-06 06:53:06

Wave-Plasma Surrounding the Earth

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 63 Pages.

Researchers have investigated wave-particle interactions between energetic electrons and chorus waves evolving in the space surrounding the Earth using the scientific satellite Arase and, simultaneously, transient auroral flashes by the ground-based global observation network. [35] The universe consists of a massive imbalance between matter and antimatter. [34] Our universe could be the mirror image of an antimatter universe extending backwards in time before the Big Bang. [33] "As you celebrate New Year's Day, cast an eye upward and think for a moment about the amazing things our country and our species can do when we set our minds to it," Stern wrote in the New York Times on Monday. [32]
Category: Astrophysics

[86] viXra:1902.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-06 07:16:51

Formation Mechanism of Stars

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 66 Pages.

A novel experiment at the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) has demonstrated the validity of a widespread theory known as "magnetorotational instability," or MRI, that seeks to explain the formation of heavenly bodies. [36] Researchers have investigated wave-particle interactions between energetic electrons and chorus waves evolving in the space surrounding the Earth using the scientific satellite Arase and, simultaneously, transient auroral flashes by the ground-based global observation network. [35]
Category: Astrophysics

[85] viXra:1902.0107 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-06 07:39:14

Molecular DNA Repair

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

Using a piece of molecular "Velcro" to attach a light-emitting probe to a protein molecule, University of Wollongong (UOW) researchers have unlocked the mystery of how an important protein goes about repairing damaged DNA in bacteria, with implications for understanding how antibiotic resistance develops. [21] In new research, Hao Yan of Arizona State University and his colleagues describe an innovative DNA walker, capable of rapidly traversing a prepared track. [20] Just like any long polymer chain, DNA tends to form knots. Using technology that allows them to stretch DNA molecules and image the behavior of these knots, MIT researchers have discovered, for the first time, the factors that determine whether a knot moves along the strand or "jams" in place. [19]
Category: Physics of Biology

[84] viXra:1902.0106 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-10 10:53:42

Remark on Last Fermat's Theorem

Authors: Algirdas Antano Maknickas
Comments: 2 Pages.

This remark gives analytical solution of Last Fermat's Theorem
Category: Number Theory

[83] viXra:1902.0105 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-05 17:37:07

On the New Concept: Creatio ex-Rotatione

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 20 Pages. This paper has been published by J. Scientific God, 2019. Your comments are welcome

It is known that the Big Bang theory was based on the concept of creation ex nihilo, after ancient Greek philosophers. In this paper, we will make few remark on the concept of creatio ex nihilo (as a commentary to a recent paper by Kalachanis, Athanasios Anastasiou, Ioannis Kostikas, Efstratios Theodossious and Мilan S. Dimitrijevi), as well as two other approaches, i.e. Intelligent Design and Emergence Theory by Clayton/Yong. As continuation of our recent paper to appear in forthcoming issue of J. Asia Mathematika, we argue that beside the above three approaches, a new concept called creatio ex-rotatione offers a resolution to the long standing disputes between beginning and eternity of the Universe. In other words, in this respect we agree with Vaas, i.e. it can be shown: “how a conceptual and perhaps physical solution of the temporal aspect of Immanuel Kant’s „first antinomy of pure reason“ is possible, i.e. how our universe in some respect could have both a beginning and an eternal existence. Therefore, paradoxically, there might have been a time before time or a beginning of time in time.” By the help of computational simulation, we also show how a model of early Universe with rotation can fit this new picture.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[82] viXra:1902.0104 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-06 08:19:07

Physics Beyond Catching a Mouse in the Dark: from Big Science to Deep Science

Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 14 Pages. This paper has been submitted to Prespacetime Journal. Your comments are welcome

The Higgs particle has been detected a few years ago, that is what newspapers tell us. For many physicists, the Standard Model of particle physics has accomplished all the jobs. Or to put it simply: The game is over. Is it true? Then some physicists began to ask: can go beyond the Standard Model? Because the supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model has failed. If you feel that theoretical physics is becoming boring, you are not alone. Fortunately, there is good news: a new generation of physicists are doing table-top experiments in their basements. Can we expect new results later?2 If so, what will the future of physics look like? This article discusses this question, starting with a blunt look at the relationship between mathematics and physical reality, written from the perspectives of a mathematician and a cosmologist.
Category: Mathematical Physics

[81] viXra:1902.0101 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-06 09:25:36

Energy is not Conserved Masses Like to Act Like Waves and Waves Are Masses

Authors: Adham Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed
Comments: 1 Page. ty

In this paper we will talk about how masses actually spend their energies in space and how masses actually lose their mass energy masses are relative and are not conserved they lose their mass by radiation spinning and gravity now when we look at a mass we find that it has the same mass at all time which but in fact its because its losing its mass at a rate of c or the speed of light constant and becomes c times smaller after c seconds and all the mass lost is equal to mc or the number of mass multiplied by the c constant or mc^2/c=mc and what is left is the new mc rather than E=mc^2 energy and then we can talk about how mass likes to act like waves when they gain external energy from other masses as when you hit pond water with a ball and watch the ripples the wave is just energy that cant escape from the mass medium and then when its spread across a larger medium and the oscillations hights(peaks and troughs) are still the same unless and the wave is still there and is not lost unless of course if the wave hits air and then the wave disappears after some time but if there are no air and also if there is zero air in a water container and a wave is applied the water vibrates forever unless the energy is absorbed by the masses and are part of the masses and then we talk about waves and why waves are masses its because waves are not electromagnetic waves they are masses that have very much mass absorbed from the star it came from and then photon mass absorbs the energy inside of the mass and then the photon starts losing energy at c constant rate but since the photon has small mass to energy acquired ratio it moves at high speeds for long time
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[80] viXra:1902.0100 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-05 14:19:06

Longer Wavelength Optical Coherence Tomography

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 29 Pages.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a light-based imaging technique currently used in clinical diagnostics to examine organs in vivo. [17] This new approach illuminates the origin of surface electromagnetic waves and explains why these waves appear at interfaces where one of the medium parameters (dielectric permittivity or magnetic permeability) changes its sign. [16] A team of physicists headed by Professor Sebastian Reineke of TU Dresden has developed a new method of storing information in fully transparent plastic foils. [15] A new electron microscopy technique that detects the subtle changes in the weight of proteins at the nanoscale—while keeping the sample intact—could open a new pathway for deeper, more comprehensive studies of the basic building blocks of life. [14]
Category: Physics of Biology

[79] viXra:1902.0099 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-05 14:47:45

Special Relativity in Complex Space-Time. Part 5. Sketch of the Mathematical Structure of Complex Space-Time

Authors: Jozef Radomanski
Comments: 15 Pages.

The article compiles the existing information on complex space-time, from which a sketch of its mathematical structure can be outlined. We divided space-time into geometric and physical layers. The elements of the geometric layer are any four-vectors because, although it is an orthogonal space, it does not have a metrics. The physical layer is created by objects having energy, whose state coordinates are proper or singular paravectors, therefore it is posible to define a metrics for these objects. However, this metrics has no classic properties and it is not a pseudometric of the Minkowski space-time either, so we called it para-metrics. In the physical complex space-time the triangle inequality and the Cauchy inequality have been proved but, however, they have the opposite directions as their equivalents known from Euclidean geometry. At the end, we give a few tips on how to simplify the idea of a complex space-time.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[78] viXra:1902.0098 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-02 05:13:16

Spacetime Engineering

Authors: D. Chakalov
Comments: 16 Pages. Dedicated to 140th birthday of Albert Einstein, 14 March 2019.

Explanation of spacetime engineering, tailored for general audience.
Category: Quantum Physics

[77] viXra:1902.0097 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-05 18:06:36

The Relativistic Effects Reason

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 3 Pages.

This paper discusses one conclusion only which is: All Matters and Materials around us are light beams we see as matters and materials because of the human mind realization process.
Category: Astrophysics

[76] viXra:1902.0094 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-06 02:13:33

How Much Time Does It Take...?

Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 1 Page.

How much time does it take for the great mathematicians in physics to understand that...
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[75] viXra:1902.0093 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-06 04:13:20

Wired Quantum Node

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

Physicists at the Kastler Brossel Laboratory in Paris have reached a milestone in the combination of cold atoms and nanophotonics. [37] The universal laws governing the dynamics of interacting quantum particles are yet to be fully revealed to the scientific community. [36] Now NIST scientists have designed a vacuum gauge that is small enough to deploy in commonly used vacuum chambers. [35] A novel technique that nudges single atoms to switch places within an atomically thin material could bring scientists another step closer to realizing theoretical physicist Richard Feynman's vision of building tiny machines from the atom up. [34]
Category: Quantum Physics

[74] viXra:1902.0092 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-06 04:14:43

Estimation of Collagen Synthesis in Human Dermal Fibroblast Cells: an Impact of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment

Authors: Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Mayank Gangwar, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 7 Pages.

Human dermal fibroblasts are defined for skin strength and resilience by continuously secreting extracellular matrix (ECM) components, which are responsible for promoting skin rejuvenation and remodeling. Precisely, the branched collagen fibrils provide the skin with its shape and firmness. The objective of the present study was to assess the potential of Biofield Energy Treatment (Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment-The Trivedi Effect®) in the HFF-1 cell line (Human Foreskin Fibroblast) and DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium) for evaluation of skin health parameters such as proliferation rate and collagen level using in vitro model. An increase in cellular proliferation and collagen levels were considered as markers for skin health promoting effects. An aliquot of HFF-1 cells and DMEM were divided into two equal parts, one was treated with the Biofield Energy Treatment and denoted as treated test sample, while other part was coded as the untreated test sample. MTT assay was used to study the cellular proliferation and collagen level was estimated by collagen dye complex formation using Biotek Synergy HT microplate reader. The HFF-1 cellular proliferation rate was significantly increased by 85% in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM as compared with Biofield Treated cells. Similarly, the collagen level was significantly (p≤0.01) increased by 44.2% in the Biofield Energy Treated DMEM as compared with control. Hence, the result suggests a significant improvement of collagen level in the Biofield Energy Treated media (DMEM) for improving skin health. It can be concluded that The Trivedi Effect® might be a complementary and alternative approach with respect to the skin health, anti-aging activities in HFF-1 cell line.
Category: Biochemistry

[73] viXra:1902.0091 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-06 04:46:12

Nanosized Amplifier Photonics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

With international collaboration, researchers at Aalto University have now developed a nanosized amplifier to help light signals propagate through microchips. [38] Physicists at the Kastler Brossel Laboratory in Paris have reached a milestone in the combination of cold atoms and nanophotonics. [37] The universal laws governing the dynamics of interacting quantum particles are yet to be fully revealed to the scientific community. [36] Now NIST scientists have designed a vacuum gauge that is small enough to deploy in commonly used vacuum chambers. [35]
Category: Condensed Matter

[72] viXra:1902.0090 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-05 05:07:52

Read, Write and Erase Using Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 23 Pages.

A team of physicists headed by Professor Sebastian Reineke of TU Dresden has developed a new method of storing information in fully transparent plastic foils. [15] A new electron microscopy technique that detects the subtle changes in the weight of proteins at the nanoscale—while keeping the sample intact—could open a new pathway for deeper, more comprehensive studies of the basic building blocks of life. [14] Researchers use a cavity-coupled double quantum dot to study electron-phonon interactions in a nanowire. [13]
Category: Quantum Physics

[71] viXra:1902.0089 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-05 05:29:41

Surface Electromagnetic Waves

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 24 Pages.

This new approach illuminates the origin of surface electromagnetic waves and explains why these waves appear at interfaces where one of the medium parameters (dielectric permittivity or magnetic permeability) changes its sign. [16] A team of physicists headed by Professor Sebastian Reineke of TU Dresden has developed a new method of storing information in fully transparent plastic foils. [15] A new electron microscopy technique that detects the subtle changes in the weight of proteins at the nanoscale—while keeping the sample intact—could open a new pathway for deeper, more comprehensive studies of the basic building blocks of life. [14]
Category: Quantum Physics

[70] viXra:1902.0086 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-05 06:24:33

The Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment: Impact on Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of L-Tryptophan

Authors: Gopal Nayak, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 12 Pages.

L-tryptophan is an essential amino acid that helps in growth in infants and aids nitrogen balancing in adults, etc. This study helps in evaluating the impact of the Trivedi Effect® on the physicochemical and thermal properties of L-tryptophan with the help of various analytical techniques. One part of L-tryptophan sample didn’t receive any treatment and was called the control sample, while the other part was given the Biofield Treatment remotely by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Gopal Nayak and named as the treated sample. The particle size values were significantly altered by -43.95%(d10), -6.28%(d50), 9.97%(d90), and 10.36%[D(4,3)]; thus, the specific surface area was significantly increased by 51.61% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The PXRD peak intensities and crystallite sizes were significantly altered ranging from -61.17% to 385.06% and -48.52% to 3.76% respectively, however, the average crystallite size was significantly reduced by 26.03% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The total weight loss was significantly increased by 17.35%; additionally, the residual amount was significantly reduced by 83.95% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The ΔHfusion was significantly increased by 10.43% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. Thus, the Biofield Treatment produced the novel polymorph of L-tryptophan that might give better solubility, bioavailability, and thermal stability in nutraceutical/pharmaceutical formulations with and an improved drug profile.
Category: Biochemistry

[69] viXra:1902.0085 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-05 06:25:04

Evaluation of the Effect of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Selenium

Authors: Gopal Nayak, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 10 Pages.

Selenium is an essential micronutrient required for healthy metabolism, as well as prevention, and treatment of selenium deficiency diseases. The experiment aimed to evaluate the influence of the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the physicochemical and thermal properties of selenium using modern analytical techniques. The selenium sample was divided into two parts, one part of the test sample was called the control sample, while the second part of the test sample received the Biofield Treatment remotely by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Gopal Nayak, and was called the treated sample. The particle size values were significantly decreased by 37.69% (d10), 14.36% (d50), 4.31% (d90), and 11.58% [D(4,3)], hence, the specific surface area was significantly increased by 33.64% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The PXRD peak intensities and crystallite sizes were significantly altered ranging from 5.23% to 100% and 75% to 111.7%, respectively; whereas 7.81% significantly decreased the average crystallite size in the treated sample than the control sample. The latent heat of fusion of the treated sample was significantly increased by 12.37% compared with the control sample. The results suggested that the Trivedi Effect® might generate a new polymorphic form of selenium which would offer better solubility, bioavailability and be thermally more stable compared with the control sample. The Biofield Treated selenium would be more useful to design novel nutraceutical/pharmaceutical formulations and might offer an enhanced therapeutic response against cardiovascular disease, cancer, neuromuscular disorders, diabetes, stress, aging, male infertility, viral diseases, degenerative ailments, etc.
Category: Biochemistry

[68] viXra:1902.0084 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-05 07:20:15

How You Can Impact the Refugee Crisis

Authors: Eliza Rink
Comments: 5 Pages.

Basic HTML
Category: Social Science

[67] viXra:1902.0083 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-05 08:21:52

Using Ambient Photons As A Stator in A Motor

Authors: Simon A. Olanipekun
Comments: 7 Pages.

A magnetic field is the angular momentum of a photon; and an electric field is the linear momentum of the photon. Thus the ambient magnetic fields are photons whose angular-momentum vectors are oscillating continuously and rapidly. Since the ambient magnetic fields possess energy and angular momenta, they are able to exert reactive forces on the rotor and stator of the motor. Thus the ambient magnetic fields serve as the stator.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[66] viXra:1902.0081 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-04 16:02:28

Church Icons Study and Analysis

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 225 Pages.

Church Icons Study and Analysis (Arabic Version)
Category: Archaeology

[65] viXra:1902.0079 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-04 23:23:55

Gravity

Authors: Sergey Bilyk
Comments: 95 Pages.

This article considers mechanics of gravity based on the Theory of Everything.
Category: Astrophysics

[64] viXra:1902.0078 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-05 01:56:12

A Possible Alternative Model of Probability Theory (Part II)

Authors: D Williams
Comments: 11 Pages.

Part II provides more details and examples of an alternative probability theory as outlined previously in "A Possible Alternative Model of Probability?" which should be considered as Part I. Some alternative estimators (dx-less, "wild") are given that seem to be better at estimating stochastic expressions than expectations, along with some BASIC programs for estimating finite product approximations. Please help in solving the many unanswered questions involving this work.
Category: General Mathematics

[63] viXra:1902.0077 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-05 02:28:35

Looking Into the Future of ai and the Embedded Systems Development with Interesting Intelligent Iot Applications Based on Specified Hardware & Software Via C/c++/ruby/ai/ml Related Concepts – a Short Technical Note

Authors: Nirmal Tej Kumar
Comments: 3 Pages. Short Communication & Technical Notes

Looking into The Future of AI and the Embedded Systems Development With Interesting Intelligent IoT Applications based on Specified Hardware & Software via - C/C++/Ruby/AI/ML related Concepts – A Short Technical Note.
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[62] viXra:1902.0076 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-05 03:23:52

Reduce Quantum Noise

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 58 Pages.

In a recent issue of Physical Review A, Argonne researchers reported a new method for alleviating the effects of "noise" in quantum information systems, a challenge scientists around the globe are working to meet in the race toward a new era of quantum technologies. [32] In this sense, the third dimension and the quantum bit are special, and so is quantum computation—in a phrase coined previously by computer scientist Scott Aaronson, it is an "island in theoryspace." [31] With the advent of open-access quantum computers, scientists at the University of Chicago saw an opportunity to do a very unusual experiment to test some of these quantum principles. [30]
Category: Quantum Physics

[61] viXra:1902.0075 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-05 03:49:15

New Theory of Emdrive & How Break Conservation of Momentum

Authors: Electrical Engineer
Comments: 5 Pages. Emdrive is not fantasy, It is real technology.

I succeeded to prove breaking of conservation of momentam and emdrive phenomenons by electromagnetism. conservation of energy is correct,but conservation of momentum is incorrect.
Category: Classical Physics

[60] viXra:1902.0074 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-05 04:48:34

Exotic Electron Liquid

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

By bombarding an ultrathin semiconductor sandwich with powerful laser pulses, physicists at the University of California, Riverside, have created the first "electron liquid" at room temperature. [39] A group led by Peng Chen, the Peter J.W. Debye Professor in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Cornell, has determined that photocurrent loses approximately 20 percent of its power as it passes through the interface. [38] NIMS and Hokkaido University jointly discovered that proton transfer in electrochemical reactions is governed by the quantum tunneling effect (QTE) under the specific conditions. [37] Researchers at the University of Vienna study the relevance of quantum reference frames for the symmetries of the world. [36]
Category: Quantum Physics

[59] viXra:1902.0073 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-04 05:16:47

Shining Light Kills Cancer Cells

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 81 Pages.

A new compound based on Iridium, a rare metal which landed in the Gulf of Mexico 66 M years ago, hooked onto albumin, a protein in blood, can attack the nucleus of cancerous cells when switched on by light, University of Warwick researchers have found. [49] The wonder-material graphene could hold the key to unlocking the next generation of advanced, early stage lung cancer diagnosis. [48] Now, researchers from Brown University's School of Engineering have explained how the phenomenon works, and that explanation could pave the way for a new type of controlled molecular self-assembly. [47]
Category: Physics of Biology

[58] viXra:1902.0072 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-04 07:29:19

About the Synchronization Effect Between a Clock Situated in the Origin of a Rotating System and a Laboratory Clock

Authors: Alexander L. Kholmetskii, Tolga Yarman, Ozan Yarman, Metin Arik
Comments: 4 Pages.

We show that the attempt by Corda to explain the results of the Mössbauer rotor experiments via introducing the effect of synchronization of clock in the origin of a rotating system and a laboratory clock contains mathematical error and must be rejected.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[57] viXra:1902.0071 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-04 07:29:33

Progressive Science by Emotions and Development: "Good to See You", the Existence of Feelings.

Authors: AR.Scholar
Comments: 1 Page. special submission

This is a reality account of an individual scholar development and reflections on daily brief accounts. The one page question type content and hypothesis display a unique learning perspective of how emotions and development of scholar can be affected by a fall of support systems or abandonment.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[56] viXra:1902.0070 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-04 07:32:12

YARK Theory of Gravity, Einstein’s Equivalence Principle and Modern Experiments

Authors: Alexander Kholmetskii, Tolga Yarman2, Ozan Yarman, Metin Arik
Comments: 9 Pages.

We argue in favor of the physical basis of YARK theory of gravity and show that the major part of recent criticism by Corda (Corda, C. Symmetry 2018, 10, 558-559) is based on either irrelevant or erroneous claims. We highlight a perfect agreement of YARK theory with the results of the Mössbauer experiments in a rotating system and demonstrate that the so-called “synchronization effect” proposed by Corda to account for the outcome of these experiments stems from an elementary mathematical error and must be rejected. Finally, we show that YARK theory provides a consistent alternative explanation of the origin of the LIGO signals beyond the hypothesis about gravitational waves.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[55] viXra:1902.0069 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-04 07:48:34

Performance of Multi-Dimensional Bits

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 56 Pages.

In this sense, the third dimension and the quantum bit are special, and so is quantum computation—in a phrase coined previously by computer scientist Scott Aaronson, it is an "island in theoryspace." [31] With the advent of open-access quantum computers, scientists at the University of Chicago saw an opportunity to do a very unusual experiment to test some of these quantum principles. [30] Dr. Jan Klaers is a researcher of the Complex Photonic Systems group, part of UT's MESA+ Institute. Within the group, he started his own research direction in the field of experimental quantum thermodynamics. [29]
Category: Quantum Physics

[54] viXra:1902.0068 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-04 07:49:43

The Mössbauer Experiment in a Rotating System and the Extraenergy Shift Between Emission and Absorption Lines Using Bimetric Theory of Gravitational-Inertial Field in Riemannian Approximation Explained

Authors: J.Foukzon, S.A.Podosenov, A.A.Potapov, E.Menkova
Comments: 13 Pages.

The Mössbauer experiment in a rotating system and the extraenergy shift between emission and absorption lines using Bimetric theory of gravitational-inertial field in Riemannian approximation explained.Bimetric theory of gravitational-inertial field is considered for the case when the gravitational-Inertial field is governed by either a perfect magnetic fluid.In a series of papers published during the past decade with respect to Mössbauer experiments in a rotating system [71]-[75],it has been experimentally shown that the relative energy shift ΔE/E between the source of resonant radiation (situated at the center of the rotating system) and the resonant absorber (located on the rotor rim) is described by the relationship ΔE/E=−ku 2 /c 2 , where u is the tangential velocity of the absorber, c the velocity of light in vacuum, and k some coefficient, which -- contrary to what had been classically predicted equal 1/2 (see for example [35]) -- turns out to be substantially larger than 1/2. It cannot be stressed enough that the equality k=1/2 had been predicted by general theory of relativity (GTR) on account of the special relativistic time dilation effect delineated by the tangential displacement of the rotating absorber, where the "clock hypothesis" by Einstein (i.e., the non-reliance of the time rate of any clock on its acceleration [35]) was straightly adopted. Hence, the revealed inequality k>1/2 indicates the presence of some additional energy shift (next to the usual time dilation effect arising from tangential displacement alone) between the emitted and absorbed resonant radiation. By using Bimetric Theory of Gravitational-Inertial Field [76] we obtain k=0.75 in a good agreement with experimental result k=0.69+(-)0.03 [75].
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[53] viXra:1902.0067 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-04 08:16:20

Universe Composed of Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 60 Pages.

The universe consists of a massive imbalance between matter and antimatter. [34] Our universe could be the mirror image of an antimatter universe extending backwards in time before the Big Bang. [33] "As you celebrate New Year's Day, cast an eye upward and think for a moment about the amazing things our country and our species can do when we set our minds to it," Stern wrote in the New York Times on Monday. [32] Our senses are stuck in the past. There's a flash of lightning, and then seconds pass until we hear the rumble of distant thunder. We hear the past. [31]
Category: Astrophysics

[52] viXra:1902.0065 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-07 20:08:21

Construction of Sets and Axiomatic System

Authors: Baekhyun Lee
Comments: 15 Pages. Language: Korean

This paper is written to show that concept of sets can be constructed with a few axioms, and also the axioms can be treated as a set.
Category: Set Theory and Logic

[51] viXra:1902.0064 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-04 09:06:23

Quantum Spreading Laws

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

The universal laws governing the dynamics of interacting quantum particles are yet to be fully revealed to the scientific community. [36] Now NIST scientists have designed a vacuum gauge that is small enough to deploy in commonly used vacuum chambers. [35] A novel technique that nudges single atoms to switch places within an atomically thin material could bring scientists another step closer to realizing theoretical physicist Richard Feynman's vision of building tiny machines from the atom up. [34]
Category: Quantum Physics

[50] viXra:1902.0063 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-04 11:10:36

Fractional Renormalization Group and Physics Beyond the Standard Model

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 3 Pages. First draft, abstract and plan of work only.

A key premise of perturbative Renormalization Group (PRG) equations is that all flows connecting the ultraviolet (UV) and the infrared (IR) sectors of field theory are free from long-range spatial or memory effects. Here we explore a non-equilibrium setting where long-range coupling between consecutive flow states is enabled through the use of fractional operators. We tentatively find that this approach a) opens the door for a non-perturbative removal of the Landau pole, b) provides unforeseen insights into the g-2 and flavor anomalies of the Standard Model (SM), c) hints that the conventional tools of PRG and effective field theory are unable to fully uncover phenomena lying beyond the SM scale.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[49] viXra:1902.0062 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-04 11:49:09

The Universes Components Effects in Space Time Calculation Model

Authors: Adham Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed
Comments: 1 Page. ty

In this paper we will attempt to make a calculation model for the paper http://vixra.org/abs/1901.0357 The Universes Components Effects in Space Time now when we look at a star that is effected by the expanding universe we find that the star becomes smaller to the viewer now when we look at the star after c seconds or 299729458 seconds we find that the star should become 299792458 smaller but this model says that the star should produce the rest mass as an electromagnetic radiation
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[48] viXra:1902.0060 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-04 13:29:23

The Nuclear Weak Coupling Constant

Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 3 Pages.

Here, applying the theory of stars to the Einstein-spacetime condensates which are responsible for the weak interactions, from the experimental masses of the three constituents of atoms, we calculated the nuclear weak coupling constant with high accuracy: 0.68584.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[47] viXra:1902.0059 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-03 16:06:07

Star System Polymetamorphism

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 7 Pages. added some stuff on molecular dynamics, and TESS Sector 7 observations

All star systems are polymetamorphic/polymetamorphous. This means they contain stars in various stages to their own metamorphosis. Stars of all kinds orbit each other. Since they are all in different stages to their own metamorphosis, they are poly (many) meta (after) morphous/morphic (having a specified shape or form). A short list of differences between stars in our system and others is provided. As well, a short example concerning planet formation coupled with the field of molecular dynamics is provided. It is clear, planet formation (stellar evolution) is the most complex process in the universe, and stellar metamorphosis is the theory we will use to explain it, because it is the only theory that combines all the sciences together into one.
Category: Astrophysics

[46] viXra:1902.0058 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-03 22:47:53

We Can Divide the Numbers and Analytic Functions by Zero\\ with a Natural Sense.

Authors: Saburou Saitoh
Comments: 7 Pages. It is a famous word that we are not permitted to divide the numbers and functions by zero. In our mathematics, {\bf prohibition} is a famous word for the division by zero. For this old and general concept, we will give a simple and affirmative answer. In

It is a famous word that we are not permitted to divide the numbers and functions by zero. In our mathematics, {\bf prohibition} is a famous word for the division by zero. For this old and general concept, we will give a simple and affirmative answer. In particular, certainly we gave several generalizations of division as in referred in the above, however, we will wish to understand with some good feelings for {\bf the division by zero}. We wish to know the division by zero with some good feelings. We wish to give clearly a good meaning for the division by zero in this paper.
Category: General Mathematics

[45] viXra:1902.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-04 04:30:30

The Impact of Biofield Energy Treated Vitamin D3 on the Structural Crosslinks, Maturation, and Bone Mineralization in Human Bone Osteosarcoma Cells (MG-63)

Authors: Alice Branton, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 8 Pages.

The objective was to investigate the potential of Biofield Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM on bone markers. The test items (TIs) were separated into two parts. One part of each sample was received Consciousness Energy Treatment by Alice Branton and termed as Biofield Treated (BT) samples, while other parts of each sample denoted as untreated TI (UT). MTT data found TIs were safe and nontoxic at tested concentrations. ALP was significantly elevated by 390% and 200% in UT-DMEM + BT-TI at 0.1 and 1µg/mL, respectively; while, increased by 135.29% in BT-DMEM + BT-TI at 0.1µg/mL than UT-DMEM + UT-TI. ALP was significantly increased by 106.34%, 138.47%, and 212.68% in UT-DMEM + BT-TI, BT-DMEM + UT-TI, and BT-DMEM + BT-TI, respectively at 10µg/mL than untreated. Collagen was significantly increased by 288.68% and 106.96% in UT-DMEM + BT-TI and BT-DMEM + BT-TI, respectively at 10µg/mL than untreated. Further, collagen was significantly increased by 435.78% and 139.72% in UT-DMEM + BT-TI and BT-DMEM + UT-TI, respectively at 50µg/mL than untreated. Percent of bone mineralization was significantly increased by 299.13%, 239.91%, and 218.77% in BT-DMEM + BT-TI at 0.1, 1, and 10µg/mL, respectively than untreated. Besides, percent of bone mineralization was distinctly increased by 192.51% in BT-DMEM + UT-TI at 10µg/mL than untreated. Overall, Biofield Treated vitamin D3 remarkably improved bone parameters in MG-63 cells and could be an alternative to vitamin D3 deficiency and used various bone disorders viz. low bone density, osteoporosis, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, stress management and prevention, and anti-aging by improving overall health.
Category: Biochemistry

[44] viXra:1902.0056 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-04 04:31:05

Evaluation of The Trivedi Effect® - Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the Growth and Yield of Plant Stem Cells

Authors: Dahryn Trivedi, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Gopal Nayak, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 7 Pages.

This study investigated the effect of the Consciousness Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect®) Treatment on the plant stem callus of Mandukparni (Centella asiatica), Katsarika (Baleria cristata), and Amla (Phyllanthus emblica). Each stem cell callus and MS liquid media were divided into two parts. One part of each was denoted as control. The other part was received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi and was defined as the Biofield Energy Treated sample. The weight of mandukparni callus was significantly increased by 8.5% in Biofield Energy Treated group (304.5 mg) compared to control group (280.6 mg). Furthermore, weight of katsarika stem cell callus was significantly increased by 38.6% in Biofield Energy Treated group (448.7 mg) compared to control (323.7 mg). The weight of amla stem cell callus was significantly raised by 41.4% in the Biofield Energy Treated group (403 mg) compared to control group (285 mg). Overall, the data suggest that there was a significant growth and yields of plants callus after treatment with the Biofield Energy. Therefore, The Trivedi Effect® - Consciousness Energy Healing approach could be useful for the production of more active constituents present in the three plants callus in a cost-effective manner and can be useful for food and dietary supplements, flavoring and coloring agents, cosmetics and fragrance products.
Category: Biochemistry

[43] viXra:1902.0055 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-04 04:56:30

Graphene Biosensor Cancer Diagnosis

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 79 Pages.

The wonder-material graphene could hold the key to unlocking the next generation of advanced, early stage lung cancer diagnosis. [48] Now, researchers from Brown University's School of Engineering have explained how the phenomenon works, and that explanation could pave the way for a new type of controlled molecular self-assembly. [47] The team has turned graphene oxide (GO) into a soft, moldable and kneadable play dough that can be shaped and reshaped into free-standing, three-dimensional structures. [46] A team of researchers based at The University of Manchester have found a low cost method for producing graphene printed electronics, which significantly speeds up and reduces the cost of conductive graphene inks. [45]
Category: Physics of Biology

[42] viXra:1902.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-03 05:06:05

Photocurrent Loss in Particle Interface

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 52 Pages.

A group led by Peng Chen, the Peter J.W. Debye Professor in the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Cornell, has determined that photocurrent loses approximately 20 percent of its power as it passes through the interface. [38] NIMS and Hokkaido University jointly discovered that proton transfer in electrochemical reactions is governed by the quantum tunneling effect (QTE) under the specific conditions. [37] Researchers at the University of Vienna study the relevance of quantum reference frames for the symmetries of the world. [36] Researchers in Singapore have built a refrigerator that's just three atoms big. This quantum fridge won't keep your drinks cold, but it's cool proof of physics operating at the smallest scales. [35]
Category: Condensed Matter

[41] viXra:1902.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-03 06:27:04

Recyclable Thermoelectric Paper

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 49 Pages.

Thermoelectric materials, capable of transforming heat into electricity, are very promising for converting residual heat into electrical energy, as they convert hardly usable or nearly lost thermal energy in an efficient way. [31] Solar rays are a plentiful, clean source of energy that is becoming increasingly important as the world works to shift away from power sources that contribute to global warming. [30] Particles in solution can grow, transport, collide, interact, and aggregate into complex shapes and structures. [29]
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[40] viXra:1902.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-03 07:03:14

Graphene Molecular Zippers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 78 Pages.

Now, researchers from Brown University's School of Engineering have explained how the phenomenon works, and that explanation could pave the way for a new type of controlled molecular self-assembly. [47] The team has turned graphene oxide (GO) into a soft, moldable and kneadable play dough that can be shaped and reshaped into free-standing, three-dimensional structures. [46] A team of researchers based at The University of Manchester have found a low cost method for producing graphene printed electronics, which significantly speeds up and reduces the cost of conductive graphene inks. [45]
Category: Condensed Matter

[39] viXra:1902.0050 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-03 07:13:36

Astrons Within 20ly_printable Version

Authors: Daniel Archer
Comments: 2 Pages. addendum to main paper: Stellar Metamorphosis: Classification of astrons within 20 light years

Classification of astrons within 20 light years
Category: Astrophysics

[38] viXra:1902.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-03 07:16:02

Stellar Metamorphosis: Classification of Astrons Within 20 Light Years

Authors: Daniel Archer
Comments: 5 Pages. there is an addendum: astrons within 20ly_printable version

The observed stars and planets (astrons) within 20 light years of our solar system are classified according to Stellar Metamorphosis. After the table some notes are provided on certain classifications and explanations on why certain choices were made.
Category: Astrophysics

[37] viXra:1902.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-03 07:19:38

Electron Microscopy Nanoscale

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 22 Pages.

A new electron microscopy technique that detects the subtle changes in the weight of proteins at the nanoscale—while keeping the sample intact—could open a new pathway for deeper, more comprehensive studies of the basic building blocks of life. [14] Researchers use a cavity-coupled double quantum dot to study electron-phonon interactions in a nanowire. [13] Quantum behavior plays a crucial role in novel and emergent material properties, such as superconductivity and magnetism. [12] A source of single photons that meets three important criteria for use in quantum-information systems has been unveiled in China by an international team of physicists. Based on a quantum dot, the device is an efficient source of photons that emerge as solo particles that are indistinguishable from each other. The researchers are now trying to use the source to create a quantum computer based on "boson sampling". [11]
Category: Condensed Matter

[36] viXra:1902.0047 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-03 07:39:36

Tunneling Nanotubes of Cell

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 24 Pages.

This work is an essential step toward understanding cell-to-cell communication via TNTs and lays the groundwork for investigations into their physiological functions and their role in the spread of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria and misfolded proteins. [15] A new electron microscopy technique that detects the subtle changes in the weight of proteins at the nanoscale—while keeping the sample intact—could open a new pathway for deeper, more comprehensive studies of the basic building blocks of life. [14] Researchers use a cavity-coupled double quantum dot to study electron-phonon interactions in a nanowire. [13]
Category: Physics of Biology

[35] viXra:1902.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-03 08:35:44

1972 Proposal to Harvard for Backpropagation and Intelligent Reinforcement System

Authors: Paul Werbos
Comments: 32 Pages. What happened with this heresy from proposal to thesis is explained in Werbos (2006). Backwards differentiation in AD and neural nets: Past links and New Opportunities, In Automatic Differentiation, Springer

The great new revolution since 2010 in deep learning and machine learning based on neural networks is massively changing the world, and is a subject of great ruminations by high-level decision makers. (For example, see http://www.intelligence.senate.gov/hearings/open-hearing-worldwide-threats-hearing-1.) But the key design principles, such as backpropagation and reinforcement learning based on approximate dynamic programming (as in Alpha Go) were known, and were rejected as heresy, long ago. (See the recent book, https://www.amazon.com/Artificial-Intelligence-Neural-Networks-Computing-ebook/dp/B07K55YZRK, by the President of the International Neural Network Society, for an overview.) This paper, written in 1972 (and scanned into pdf in 2015), was the first explicit proposal for how to build a general reinforcement learning system, based on backpropagation and dynamic programming implemented through model neural networks, capable of converging to an optimal strategy of action in “any” environment informed by an understanding/model which it learns of how the environment works. Modern work uses more sophisticated language, but this effort to explain the underlying ideas in simpler language may still be of value to many. The 1974 thesis itself has been reprinted by Wiley, and has more than 4000 citations listed in scholar.google.com
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[34] viXra:1902.0045 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-03 09:41:28

Completing the Slichter Triplet

Authors: Herbert Weidner
Comments: 5 Pages.

Following the discovery of a spectral line with an unusually high quality factor, exactly two other lines with comparable characteristics were found in the frequency range 45 to 130 μHz. Maybe it is the desired Slichter triplett.
Category: Geophysics

[33] viXra:1902.0044 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-03 10:26:05

Gerges Francis Tawdrous (Curriculum Vitae)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 11 Pages.

The Curriculum Vitae of Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Category: Astrophysics

[32] viXra:1902.0043 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-05 10:24:11

The Origin of the Experimental Weinberg Angle

Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 5 Pages.

Here, within the non-perturbative Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST), we derived the Paschos-Wolfenstein (PW) relationship. The derivation shows the true origin of the experimental Weinberg angle. We also showed that the PW ratio leads to the CP-violation sector in the PMNS matrix.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[31] viXra:1902.0042 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-02 15:00:58

Chemical Bond as the Main Problem of Modern Chemistry and Physics.

Authors: Bezverkhniy Volodymyr Dmytrovych, Bezverkhniy Vitaliy Volodymyrovich.
Comments: 34 Pages.

The formation of the chemical bond is considered from the general theoretical standpoint as the interaction of different fermions. It is shown that using the modern classical concepts of chemical bond, it is impossible to obtain (strictly theoretically) a physical justification of the cause of the formation of a chemical bond. The shows the inapplicability of the Pauli principle to chemical bond and a new theoretical model of the chemical bond is proposed based on the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
Category: Quantum Physics

[30] viXra:1902.0040 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-02 16:34:38

A Complete Proof of the abc Conjecture: The End of The Mystery

Authors: Abdelmajid Ben Hadj Salem
Comments: 9 Pages. A Complete proof of the abc conjecture using elementary calculus with numerical examples. Submitted to the Ramanujan Journal. Your comments are welcome.

In this paper, we consider the abc conjecture. Firstly, we give a proof of a first conjecture that crad(abc). We choose the constant K(\ep) as K(\ep)=6*{1+\ep}e*{\left(\frac{1}{\ep*2}-\ep \right)}. Five numerical examples are presented.
Category: Number Theory

[29] viXra:1902.0039 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-02 20:05:16

An Analysis of Warfare with a Scale-Invariant View of Human Foundational Psychological Traits.

Authors: Tariq Khan
Comments: 3 Pages.

Foundational human psychological traits are used to create a framework to understand political conflicts on the margin of these few traits. Recent major wars are examined in a similar context noting societal catastrophes from blind faith in technology as a tool to solve any problem, to philosophies that devalue individual human life for the gain of nebulous nation-states and tribal ideologies. The special value of human life and especially conscious minds is considered with the Vietnam War noted as a particular and shocking confrontation of technology versus the brute attrition of humans.
Category: Social Science

[28] viXra:1902.0038 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-02 21:30:10

Unified Field Energy Transducer

Authors: Simon A. Olanipekun
Comments: 27 Pages. This write-up contains the correct numerical analysis of my overunity system...

A unified field energy transducer including a plurality of permanent magnets having an axis of rotation and means mounting the magnets for rotation about the axis of rotation, a magnetic ring disposed around and in close enough proximity to the magnets to produce magnetic interaction therebetween, the magnets and the magnetic ring disrupting the equilibrium of the unified field and producing a net coupling force that rotates the magnets about the axis of rotation.
Category: Thermodynamics and Energy

[27] viXra:1902.0034 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-15 03:09:04

1 the Tacit Assumption of Continuity of Spacetime in Quantum Gravity

Authors: René Friedrich
Comments: 9 Pages. An updated version of this paper may be found at viXra 2005.0171

General relativity and quantum mechanics both have been confirmed by experiments. In order to unify them, a new theory of quantum gravity is searched, but without success. The current theories of quantum gravity are based on the tacit assumption of a continuous, differentiable Lorentzian spacetime manifold. Little attention has been paid to this assumption, but no theory is complete without the prior verification of the soundness of its underlying assumptions. Surprisingly, we will see in the following that, whatever is the approach we choose, nothing is corroborating the assumption of a continuous spacetime manifold. Based on the principles of general relativity we will find that the universe is not consisting of discrete points in spacetime (events), but of discrete worldlines of particles.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[26] viXra:1902.0033 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-02 05:01:39

Software Detect Fake News

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

Fraunhofer researchers have developed a system that automatically analyzes social media posts, deliberately filtering out fake news and disinformation. [27] If you see a video of a politician speaking words he never would utter, or a Hollywood star improbably appearing in a cheap adult movie, don't adjust your television set—you may just be witnessing the future of "fake news." [26] Artificial intelligence can play chess, drive a car and diagnose medical issues. Examples include Google DeepMind's AlphaGo, Tesla's self-driving vehicles, and IBM's Watson. [25]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[25] viXra:1902.0032 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-02 05:18:09

Artificial Intelligence Harder for Hackers

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 43 Pages.

Now, two Boston University computer scientists, working with researchers at Draper, a not-for-profit engineering solutions company located in Cambridge, have developed a tool that could make it harder for hackers to find their way into networks where they don't belong. [26] IBM, home of the question-answering computer system Watson, was by far the company with the largest portfolio of AI patent applications, with a total of 8,290 inventions, followed by Microsoft with 5,930, the report showed. [25] Researchers at Aalto University and the Technical University of Denmark have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) to seriously accelerate the development of new technologies from wearable electronics to flexible solar panels. [24]
Category: Artificial Intelligence

[24] viXra:1902.0030 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-02 15:53:23

Benzene Quant (Thesis).

Authors: Bezverkhniy Volodymyr Dmytrovych.
Comments: 2 Pages.

It a good visualization of the boiling of electron-positron pairs, which always occurs in chemical bonding with any multiplicity. We got a beautiful "quantum-mechanical pattern" of a benzene molecule with a three-electron bond. I really like :), because it really conveys the meaning ...
Category: Chemistry

[23] viXra:1902.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-02 11:30:49

Dark Matter is not ‘invisible’, is not ‘transparent’ Matter

Authors: Adrian Ferent
Comments: 297 Pages. © 2014 Adrian Ferent

“Dark Matter is not ‘invisible’, is not ‘transparent’ Matter.” Adrian Ferent “Light will not cross Dark Matter because the Gravitons from Dark Matter will transform light in Dark Matter.” Adrian Ferent “Light will not cross Dark Matter because Dark Matter density is higher than Planck density.” Adrian Ferent You learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists…that Dark Matter is ‘invisible’, is ‘transparent’ Matter. “What you learned from your professors, from your books, from the greatest scientists… about Dark Matter is wrong” Adrian Ferent You learned that Dark Matter is some form of material that does not emits, reflects, absorbs light. This means the light goes trough Dark Matter because light does not interact with Dark Matter. The wrong picture where Matter only accounts for 4.9 percent of our universe; another 26.8 percent is constituted of Dark Matter and 68.3 percent is constituted of Dark Energy. The scientists thought because there is 5 times more Dark Matter than Matter, because they did not detect Dark Matter which does not interact with light, the scientists have come to the conclusion that Dark Matter is ‘invisible’, is ‘transparent’ Matter. When you look at the sky and you do not see Dark Matter, this means it is ‘invisible’, is ‘transparent’! Here are 2 examples, Lisa Randall professor from Harvard university and Dan Bauer physicist from Fermilab, of what the professors, the scientists think about Dark Matter: they think that Dark Matter is ‘invisible’, is ‘transparent’ Matter! Lisa Randall professor from Harvard university, on New Ideas About Dark Matter: Dan Bauer physicist from Fermilab, on what is Dark Matter: Visible light is usually defined as having the wavelength around 5 × 10^(-7) m. I calculated the mass of Dark Matter, a sphere with the diameter of 2 wavelengths: The sphere volume: V= 4πr^3 / 3 V= 5.2 × 10^(-19) m^3 In Ferent Quantum Gravity, FQG, Dark Matter with this volume has a density higher than Planck density! The density of Dark Matter is higher than Planck density = 5.2 × 10^96 kg/m^3 I consider the Dark Matter density for this volume 5.2 × 10^99 kg/m^3, much smaller than Ferent density. The Dark Matter mass: M = 27 × 10^80 kg This is a huge mass, because Dark Matter has another structure, based on Ferent length much smaller than Planck length. Light will not cross Dark Matter with the volume V and the mass M. Light will not cross Dark Matter with the volume V because the Gravitons from Dark Matter will transform light in Dark Matter. “Light will not cross Dark Matter because the Gravitons from Dark Matter will transform light in Dark Matter.” Adrian Ferent “Light will not cross Dark Matter because Dark Matter density is higher than Planck density.” Adrian Ferent This means: “Dark Matter is not ‘invisible’, is not ‘transparent’ Matter.” Adrian Ferent “Your professors, the researchers, the greatest scientists…did not understand Gravitation and Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent “Ferent equation of the Universe, made of Matter and Dark Matter” Adrian Ferent 170. I am the first who calculated Dark Matter mass with the volume V 171. I am the first who discovered that Dark Matter is not ‘invisible’, is not ‘transparent’ Matter 172. I am the first who discovered that light will not cross Dark Matter because the Gravitons from Dark Matter will transform light in Dark Matter 173. I am the first who discovered that light will not cross Dark Matter because Dark Matter density is higher than Planck density
Category: Astrophysics

[22] viXra:1902.0028 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-02 12:41:24

A Generalized Clifford Algebra

Authors: Antoine Balan
Comments: 1 page, written in english

We propose a generalization of the Clifford algebra. We give application to the Dirac operator.
Category: Geometry

[21] viXra:1902.0027 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-02 12:55:50

Low Socio-Economic Status and Self-Esteem Among Moroccans, Students of Ouarzazaete City, as a Key Study.

Authors: El Mahdi Outbir
Comments: 15 Pages. N/A

This study was conducted with the aim to measure the influence of socioeconomic status over selfesteem. These variables in question were put into analysis using quantitative research. Respectfully, a bulk of identical researches were piloted using both variables, and through the lens of the discrepancy encountered in the literature, the objective was to see the extent to which this research would support, confirm or deny the dominating notions. It is then a replication with a different group of participants who have never taken a chance to be part of this concept. Various variables were vital to the study, including; parental and students’ level of education, the area of living, the age, the gender and the mother tongue. With respect to the diversity that exists, subjects from rural and urban areas were given the chance and the same atmosphere to contribute. The instrument used to measure both variables were questionnaires. The total number of the participants who took the questionnaires was 81, with a number of 35 females and 46 males. Results to be discussed, a weak and negative correlation exist between socioeconomic status and self-esteem. A negative correlation (Pearson r) was found at a level of -.118, with an insignificance (p-value) at .463. Thus, the null hypothesis was not to be rejected.
Category: Social Science

[20] viXra:1902.0026 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-02 13:25:28

The Significance of Environmental Factors and Brain Clocking on Human Health and Behavior.

Authors: Tariq Khan
Comments: 3 Pages.

The influence of sunlight on human biology including brain circadian rhythms is discussed. The impact of a lack of sunlight, allergens, and modern society on brain clocking and sleep is discussed in detail including specific data from bipolar disorder research. Evidence is provided noting the significance of brain clocking and its importance to overall human health and its variation compared to seasonal cycles and human behaviors. The nature and origin of specific forms of music matching the general themes are also noted.
Category: Mind Science

[19] viXra:1902.0025 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-02 13:34:59

The Locations of K2-33 and K2-33b on the Wolynski-Taylor Diagram, and V 391 Pegasi b: The "Red Giant" Survivor

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 5 Pages. a few illustrations included

Dogma has K2-33 and K2-33b the same age, ~9.3 million years old. It is clear they are vastly different ages, as the host is a voluminous red dwarf and its companion a many hundred million year old grey dwarf. Both are placed on the WT diagram to show the public and the scientific community at large that the dogma is off by two magnitudes concerning the age of K2-33b, the grey dwarf in question and off by over one magnitude with K2-33. As well, V 391 Pegasi b is shown to exist with or without a red giant needing to exist in any state.
Category: Astrophysics

[18] viXra:1902.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-01 18:36:10

On Simulation, Minds, and Universes

Authors: Tariq Khan
Comments: 2 Pages.

The prevalence of simulation in our Universe is discussed. Simulation is considered in the context of foundational efforts to determine the nature of reality and philosophical speculations related to why our reality might be a simulation are listed.
Category: History and Philosophy of Physics

[17] viXra:1902.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-01 19:32:05

The Theory of Dove-Like Particles

Authors: Sun Zuodong
Comments: 38 Pages.

An enlightening viewpoint based on the theory of brain cell activation is to explore the pathogenesis and mechanism of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) at molecular level by applying the principles of cell physics and biology. Its purpose is to coordinate and unify the existing theories of AD etiology and to solve the problems that have puzzled the research field of neurodegenerative diseases for a long time. Basic Contents: Excessive cations are transferred from extracellular to intracellular, and compete with potassium ions on the inner surface of the cell membrane. As a result, the action potential produced can not activate calcium channels normally, leading to abnormal apoptosis of brain cells. Amyloid plaques are the remains of abnormal apoptotic brain cells. Amyloid plaques are aggregated by van der Waals force and electrostatic attraction between amyloid plaques. The interstitium is amyloid protein. Brain cells consist of neurons, microglia and astrocytes in turn. Most of the spotted nuclei in the remains are cations. Applicable but not limited to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, physical means should be preferred to solve such diseases.
Category: Physics of Biology

[16] viXra:1902.0019 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-01 23:26:26

Assessment of Energy of Consciousness Healing on Cell Growth of Plant Stem Cells Callus Culture

Authors: Gopal Nayak, Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on plant callus of Mandukparni (Centella asiatica), Katsarika (Barleria cristata), and Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) in Murashige & Skoog liquid medium (MS) for its growth and yield on day 7. The plant callus of all the three plants were divided into two parts, one part received Biofield Energy Treatment remotely (known as The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment) by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Gopal Nayak and denoted as Biofield Energy Treated group, while another part did not receive any treatment and defined as control. Plants callus were observed on day 7 after treatment and visualized under phase contrast microscope for cell growth, captured photomicrographs along with wet weight compared with day 0. Results suggested that three plants viz. Mandukparni, Katsarika, and Amla callus after 7 days showed a significant improved growth rate as compared with the respective untreated groups. The weight of the callus growth (in mg) after Biofield Energy Treatment among Mandukparni, Katsarika, and Amla callus on day 7 was 630, 782, and 920 mg, respectively. However, the percentage increase in weight of the callus in Mandukparni, Katsarika and Amla was 11.1%, 52.4%, and 68.5%, respectively than untreated. Hence, results concluded a significant growth in callus weight after Biofield Energy Treatment, which suggested that it could be used as complementary and alternate approach in order to produce most high-value phytoconstituents from plant callus that can be used for making various drugs, food flavoring and colouring agents.
Category: Biochemistry

[15] viXra:1902.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-02 01:54:44

Quiet Laser Light

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 70 Pages.

Spectrally pure lasers lie at the heart of precision high-end scientific and commercial applications, thanks to their ability to produce near-perfect single-color light. [41] Researchers have developed a compact laser that emits light with extreme spectral purity that doesn't change in response to environmental conditions. [40] A study led by scientists of the Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter (MPSD) at the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science in Hamburg/Germany presents evidence of the amplification of optical phonons in a solid by intense terahertz laser pulses. [39]
Category: Quantum Physics

[14] viXra:1902.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-02 03:24:19

Open-Access Quantum Computer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 55 Pages.

With the advent of open-access quantum computers, scientists at the University of Chicago saw an opportunity to do a very unusual experiment to test some of these quantum principles. [30] Dr. Jan Klaers is a researcher of the Complex Photonic Systems group, part of UT's MESA+ Institute. Within the group, he started his own research direction in the field of experimental quantum thermodynamics. [29] Physicists envision that the future of quantum computation networks will contain scalable, monolithic circuits, which include advanced functionalities on a single physical substrate. [28]
Category: Quantum Physics

[13] viXra:1902.0016 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-06 10:00:40

The Primary Factors of Biological Evolution

Authors: Max Null, Sergey Belov
Comments: 17 Pages.

The article discusses the theory of biological evolution. The concepts "primary factors of evolution" (natural factors) and "secondary factors of evolution" (the result of evolution itself) are defined. The terms of the theory of evolution "struggle for existence", "selection" and others are considered from the point of view of the interpretation of facts. In order for the theory of evolution to be complete and as objective as possible, it must be based on primary factors, and interpretations should be kept to a minimum. The article discusses Darwin's theory and the modern theory of evolution in the context of these problems. An attempt is made to eliminate the concept of "the struggle for existence", which leads to the following results. A new concept of "realizing the purpose to exist" has been obtained, which is an analogue of the concept of "the struggle for existence (in a wide sense)". It is substantiated that the realization of the purpose to exist is the result of evolution (that is, the secondary factor), is the main characteristic of all living organisms (can be considered as the primary factor in the context of the living), that is, distinguishes the living from the nonliving. Realization of the purpose to exist in some conditions may take the form of a struggle, which in everyday life is usually understood as a struggle for existence (in the narrow sense). It is substantiated that such behavior is an adaptation that appeared in the process of evolution and can be regulated by means of more complex behavior, which is also an adaptation. The physical bases of biological evolution are also considered on the basis of external measures of existence.
Category: General Science and Philosophy

[12] viXra:1902.0015 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-02 04:43:30

Virtual Lens X-ray Microscopy

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 53 Pages.

With X-ray microscopes, researchers at PSI look inside computer chips, catalysts, small pieces of bone, or brain tissue. [37] Now, scientists at the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)—a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility at DOE's Brookhaven National Laboratory—have developed a TXM that can image samples 10 times faster than previously possible. [36] In a new study published Aug. 17 in Nature Communications, Nemsak, Fadley, Schneider and colleagues demonstrate the use of new techniques in X-ray spectroscopy to illuminate the internal structure of manganese-doped gallium arsenide. [35]
Category: Quantum Physics

[11] viXra:1902.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-02 04:51:54

Assessment of Biofield Energy Healing Based Vitamin D3 Effects on Bone Health Parameters Using Human Osteoblast Cell Line (MG-63)

Authors: Mahendra Kumar Trivedi, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Snehasis Jana
Comments: 9 Pages.

Poor bone health is the primary health issue, which leads to significant health problems, stress and worsening the patients' quality of life. The potential of The Trivedi Effect®- Biofield Energy Healing on vitamin D3 as a test item (TI) and DMEM on MG-63 cells was investigated. The test items were treated with The Trivedi Effect® by Mahendra Kumar Trivedi and divided as Biofield Energy Treated (BT) and untreated (UT) test items. An increase in ALP activity, collagen levels, and bone mineralization was considered as the biomarker for bone health. MTT data showed that the test samples observed nontoxic in the tested concentrations. The level of ALP was significantly increased by 832.9% and 209.4% in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI and BT-DMEM+UT-TI groups, respectively at 10 µg/mL, while 222.9% increase in the BT-DMEM+BT-TI at 1 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Collagen was significantly increased by 487.7% and 544.5% in the BT-DMEM+UT-TI and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively at 100 µg/mL, while 116.2% at 1 µg/mL in UT-DMEM+BT-TI compared to the untreated group. Moreover, the percent of bone mineralization was significantly increased in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI and BT-DMEM+UT-TI groups by 344.9% and 149.7%, respectively at 50 µg/mL, while 183.6% in the BT-DMEM+BT-TI group at 100 µg/mL compared to the untreated group. Thus, the role of Biofield Energy Treated vitamin D3 and DMEM in order to control osteoblast function and its direct effects on bone mineralization can be used to improve bone disorders.
Category: Biochemistry

[10] viXra:1902.0013 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-01 07:15:46

Liquid Superlenses Biophotonics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 98 Pages.

In a new method, materials scientists Boliang Jia and colleagues at the departments of mechanical engineering and robotics presented a printable biocompatible superlens placed directly on objects of interest to observe subdiffraction-limited features (resolution beyond the diffraction limit). [54] Physicists have also devised photonic topological insulators, synthetic materials that impart light waves with distinct topological features, allowing light (rather than electric currents) to flow via topological surface states. [53] "This research highlights the cutting-edge research being done at WVU, and we are very excited to see their work appear in the very high-profile journal Nature Communications." [52]
Category: Physics of Biology

[9] viXra:1902.0011 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-01 08:01:44

Dynamic Aspirin Molecular Vibrations

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 99 Pages.

Aspirin is not only an important drug, but also an interesting physics model system in which molecular vibrations and electrons are coupled in a particular way. [55] In a new method, materials scientists Boliang Jia and colleagues at the departments of mechanical engineering and robotics presented a printable biocompatible superlens placed directly on objects of interest to observe subdiffraction-limited features (resolution beyond the diffraction limit). [54] Physicists have also devised photonic topological insulators, synthetic materials that impart light waves with distinct topological features, allowing light (rather than electric currents) to flow via topological surface states. [53]
Category: Physics of Biology

[8] viXra:1902.0010 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-01 08:57:36

Current via Quantum Proton Transfer

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 51 Pages.

NIMS and Hokkaido University jointly discovered that proton transfer in electrochemical reactions is governed by the quantum tunneling effect (QTE) under the specific conditions. [37] Researchers at the University of Vienna study the relevance of quantum reference frames for the symmetries of the world. [36] Researchers in Singapore have built a refrigerator that's just three atoms big. This quantum fridge won't keep your drinks cold, but it's cool proof of physics operating at the smallest scales. [35] Researchers have created a new testing ground for quantum systems in which they can literally turn certain particle interactions on and off, potentially paving the way for advances in spintronics. [34]
Category: Quantum Physics

[7] viXra:1902.0009 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-01 09:06:32

Holographic Surface Time

Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Comments: 2 Pages.

Bekenstein used such thought experiments to show that a black hole should have an entropy proportional to the area of its event horizon in Planck units. In fact, it has been proven that semiclassical gravity is insufficient to account for this entropy.
Category: Quantum Gravity and String Theory

[6] viXra:1902.0008 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-01 10:02:58

Adaptive Model of Brain and Behavior

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 57 Pages.

But now, researchers from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam have developed a way to parse this dynamic behavior into digestible chunks. [36] A team of researchers at the Laboratory for fundamental BioPhotonics (LBP) within EPFL's School of Engineering (STI) has come up with a way to monitor changes in membrane potential and to observe ion fluxes by studying the behavior of the water molecules surrounding the membranes of the neurons. [35]
Category: Mind Science

[5] viXra:1902.0007 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-01 10:23:45

Magnetic Graphene Switches

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 79 Pages.

Researchers have found that certain ultra-thin magnetic materials can switch from insulator to conductor under high pressure, a phenomenon that could be used in the development of next-generation electronics and memory storage devices. [46] Transparent electronics are the future, according to researchers including José A. Flores-Livas and Miglė Graužinytė from the research group headed by Stefan Goedecker, Professor of Computational Physics at the University of Basel. [45] For the first time ever, an international team of researchers imaged the microscopic state of negative capacitance. [44]
Category: Condensed Matter

[4] viXra:1902.0004 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-01 11:18:24

Composite Bosons Mass Formula

Authors: Deep Jyoti Dutta
Comments: 1 Page.

A new formula is proposed to approximate the mass of a charged pion and phi meson. We only obtained an approximate relation to compute the mass in MeV measuring scale.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[3] viXra:1902.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-01 00:12:19

Explaining Planet Formation and the Initial Mass Function of Stars with a Universe Composed of Mathematics Plus re-Evaluation of the Mass-Gravity Relationship

Authors: Rodney Bartlett
Comments: 12 Pages. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7658774.v2

This preprint is a never-print. It can never be printed in a science journal because that approach has often been tried, only to see the submission's ideas repeatedly rejected as too speculative and non-mathematical. Professor John Wheeler used to say the early papers on quantum mechanics were regarded as highly speculative. Nevertheless, editors of the 1920s published them (today's editors would be too timid). Maybe the maths in it doesn't qualify as maths since it isn't complicated (Einstein used to say a theory that can't be explained to a 6-year-old isn't really understood by its author). Or maybe editors believe the only real maths is the squiggly lines of algebra. The distribution of stellar masses at the birth of stars is called the Initial Mass Function or IMF. Why does the IMF favour the production of low-mass stars? There is a clue in the report that most planetary systems seem to outweigh the protoplanetary disks (PPDs) in which they formed, leaving astronomers to re-evaluate planet-formation theories. (AstroNews 2019) Science must always be free to question everything: even the long- established idea that mass is the cause of gravity (by, according to General Relativity (Einstein 1915), warping and curving space-time). Exploration of the reverse, that gravity forms mass, sounds absurd to modern science. Yet, it has the potential to explain planet formation and the IMF. This inverse mass-gravity relation uses the well-accepted idea that the universe is described mathematically, being flexible enough to extend that notion and suggest the universe IS maths. It could be produced by binary digits (base-2 maths) and topology, and the gravity that is the warping of space-time could interact with electromagnetism to form the quantum spin of matter particles (½) via vector-tensor-scalar geometry’s photonic spin of 1 being divided by the gravitonic spin of 2. This geometric attempt at understanding gravity may be seen as related to 4 earlier theories of gravity - Mordehai Milgrom’s 1983 Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), its relativistic generalization known as Jacob Bekenstein’s 2004 Tensor–vector–scalar gravity (TeVeS), the TeVeS extension Bi-scalar tensor vector gravity (BSTV) proposed in 2005 by R.H.Sanders, and John Moffat’s 2006 Scalar–tensor–vector gravity (STVG).
Category: Mathematical Physics

[2] viXra:1902.0002 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-02 13:30:33

Time In Non-Inertial Reference Frame

Authors: Eric Su
Comments: 2 Pages. All comments are welcome. Please include your email address and a short list of your publications.

The parity symmetry in physics shows that the motions in two different reference frames are related to each other. By comparing the displacement and the velocity from two reference frames, the elapsed time can be shown to be conserved in both reference frames. For two frames in relative inertial motion, the elapsed time is conserved in all inertial reference frames. If both frames are in circular motion, then the elapsed time is conserved in all local reference frames on the same circle. If both frames are free to move in any direction at any speed, then the elapsed time is conserved in all non-inertial reference frames. Two simultaneous events are simultaneous in all reference frames.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[1] viXra:1902.0001 [pdf] submitted on 2019-02-01 03:36:07

Deterministic Quantum Model of Atom

Authors: Daniele Sasso
Comments: 5 Pages.

The deterministic quantum model of atom described in the order of Deterministic Quantum Physics has proved a deterministic and non probabilistic formulation of atom model is possible. The preceding deterministic model presents nevertheless an imprecision regarding the use of spin. In fact in that model the double sign, positive and negative, for spin has been used in improper way. Because in the order of the Non-Standard Model electron spin is related to electron charge that is always by convention negative, it is manifest that electron spin has to assume always a negative value.
Category: Quantum Physics