Astrophysics

1701 Submissions

[31] viXra:1701.0669 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-30 09:07:54

Evidence of Holographic Universe

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 19 Pages.

A UK, Canadian and Italian study has provided what researchers believe is the first observational evidence that our universe could be a vast and complex hologram. [13] Cosmologists trying to understand how to unite the two pillars of modern science – quantum physics and gravity – have found a new way to make robust predictions about the effect of quantum fluctuations on primordial density waves, ripples in the fabric of space and time. [12] Physicists have performed a test designed to investigate the effects of the expansion of the universe—hoping to answer questions such as "does the expansion of the universe affect laboratory experiments?", "might this expansion change the lengths of solid objects and the time measured by atomic clocks differently, in violation of Einstein's equivalence principle?", and "does spacetime have a foam-like structure that slightly changes the speed of photons over time?", an idea that could shed light on the connection between general relativity and quantum gravity. [11] Einstein's equivalence principle states that an object in gravitational free fall is physically equivalent to an object that is accelerating with the same amount of force in the absence of gravity. This principle lies at the heart of general relativity and has been experimentally tested many times. Now in a new paper, scientists have experimentally demonstrated a conceptually new way to test the equivalence principle that could detect the effects of a relatively new concept called spin-gravity coupling. [10] A recent peer-reviewed paper by physicist James Franson from the University of Maryland in the US has initiated a stir among physics community. Issued in the New Journal of Physics, the paper points to evidence proposing that the speed of light as defined by the theory of general relativity, is slower than originally thought. [9] Gravitational time dilation causes decoherence of composite quantum systems. Even if gravitons are there, it's probable that we would never be able to perceive them. Perhaps, assuming they continue inside a robust model of quantum gravity, there may be secondary ways of proving their actuality. [7] The magnetic induction creates a negative electric field, causing an electromagnetic inertia responsible for the relativistic mass change; it is the mysterious Higgs Field giving mass to the particles. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The self maintained electric potential of the accelerating charges equivalent with the General Relativity space-time curvature, and since it is true on the quantum level also, gives the base of the Quantum Gravity. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the relativistic quantum theory.
Category: Astrophysics

[30] viXra:1701.0659 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-29 04:58:58

Extreme Facts about Neutron Stars

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 13 Pages.

As a massive star dies, expelling most of its guts across the universe in a supernova explosion, its iron heart, the star's core, collapses to create the densest form of observable matter in the universe: a neutron star. [7] NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory has discovered the first direct evidence for a superfluid, a bizarre, friction-free state of matter, at the core of a neutron star. Superfluids created in laboratories on Earth exhibit remarkable properties, such as the ability to climb upward and escape airtight containers. The finding has important implications for understanding nuclear interactions in matter at the highest known densities. [6] This paper explains the Accelerating Universe, the Special and General Relativity from the observed effects of the accelerating electrons, causing naturally the experienced changes of the electric field potential along the moving electric charges. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the wave particle duality and the electron's spin also, building the bridge between the Classical and Relativistic Quantum Theories. The Big Bang caused acceleration created the radial currents of the matter and since the matter composed of negative and positive charges, these currents are creating magnetic field and attracting forces between the parallel moving electric currents. This is the gravitational force experienced by the matter, and also the mass is result of the electromagnetic forces between the charged particles. The positive and negative charged currents attracts each other or by the magnetic forces or by the much stronger electrostatic forces. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy.
Category: Astrophysics

[29] viXra:1701.0650 [pdf] replaced on 2019-09-17 17:00:50

Two New Non Baryonic Dark Matter Density Profiles for Milky Way Halo

Authors: Manuel Abarca Hernandez
Comments: 27 Pages. It is a bit clear than the previous one.

In this work has been calculated two new non baryonic DM density profiles inside halo region of Milky Way, MW hereafter, and it has been demonstrated that both ones are mathematically equivalents. Data have been got from rotation curve published in [17] Bhattacharjee, P.2014. The first profile is called Direct DM density because it is got directly from velocity as power regression of radius in halo rotation curve. In other words velocity of rotation curve depend on radius as a power function. The second one, DM density as power of E, E is gravitational field, has been introduced by author in previous papers, [8] Abarca,M.2016, where it has been used to study non baryonic DM in several galaxies. It is called “as power of E” because DM density depend on E as a power function. Hypothesis which is the basis of theory is that non baryonic DM is generated locally by the own gravitational field according a power law. DM density = A• E^B where A& B are coefficients and E is gravitational intensity of field. To find reasons that author has to do so daring statement, reader can consult [1] Abarca,M.2014. Dark matter model by quantum vacuum. [8] Abarca,M.2016. Dark matter density on big galaxies depend on gravitational field as Universal law and other papers quoted in bibliography. Briefly will be explained method followed to develop this paper. Firstly are presented rotation curve and table with data points inside MW halo. These data come from [ 17] Bhattacharjee, P. Chaudary, S. Kundu, S.2014. In addition it is fitted a power regression of rotation curve points in halo region whose function is v = a•r^b . In fourth chapter it is developed a mathematical method to get a new DM density depending on radius called direct DM density because it is got directly from power regression of velocity depending on radius. Also it is compared Direct DM got from rotation curve [17] Bhattacharjee, P.2014 and Direct DM got from rotation curve [5] Sofue, Y.2015. It is shown that relative difference oscillates between 2.6% at 40 kpc and 3.8 % at 190 kpc which is a very exiguous difference. It is a very good news that two prominent teams of researchers got so similar results. In fifth chapter it has been demonstrated that Direct DM profile is mathematically equivalent to DM density depending on gravitational field, as a power function i.e. DM density = A• E^B, where A& B are cleared up depending on a & b (parameters of power regression of velocity). In sixth chapter it has been got that for radius bigger than 40 kpc ratio baryonic density versus DM density is under 4% so it is reasonable to consider negligible baryonic density in order to develop theory introduced in this work. In seventh chapter is compared Direct DM density got in this paper with NFW density profile fitted by Sofue in his paper. [5] Sofue, Y.2015. Throughout dominion NFW profile is bigger than Direct DM profile. Its relative difference oscillate between 25% at 40 kpc and 22% at 190 kpc. In eight chapter is compared DM density as power E in MW with DM density as power E in M31, which was published in [ 11] Abarca,M.2016. Results show that at a specific E, both DM densities are very similar. Relative differences are under 15 % inside main part of dominion. This fact support strongly author hypothesis about DM as power of E as Universal law. In ninth chapter it is made dimensional analysis for DM density formula through Buckingham theorem with one pi monomial (G and h as universal constant), and two pi monomials with G, h and c as universal constant. Through a mathematical analysis it is it is rejected density formula with only one pi monomial so it is needed to consider density formula with two pi monomials. Parameters A&B are recalculated in order to be coherent with regression analysis and dimensional analysis. Namely, power of E become 5/3 instead to be decimal number coming from regression analysis and formulas acquire a new elegant aspect. In tenth chapter is got and solved the differential equation for gravitational field E, inside solar system, accepting the same new values A& B recalculated for M31 galaxy. It is got a formula for E, which tend to Newtonian formula if it is neglected the dark matter term. This fact is a strong back to power B=5/3 found by dimensional analysis. Also it is calculated dark matter contained inside spherical corona definite by perihelion and aphelion radius of Mercury. It has been got 3.2 times MEARTH which is a considerable amount of dark matter. By qualitative reasoning it is defended that this excessive amount of dark matter suggest that cannot be accepted the coefficient A got for M31 when is calculated dark matter inside Solar system because both gravitational systems have a tremendous different sizes.
Category: Astrophysics

[28] viXra:1701.0633 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-27 05:15:17

Local and Multi-Universal Cycle Time According to Quantum FFF Theory. (FFF= Function Follows Form)

Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 21 Pages.

Construction principles for chiral “atoms of spacetime” based on geometrical 3-D chiral vacuum lattice models and consequences for spacetime, general relativity based space curvature and time variation, including cyclic Multi- Universal time, and local time.
Category: Astrophysics

[27] viXra:1701.0627 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-26 13:57:24

The Mystery of the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe.

Authors: Terubumi Honjou
Comments: 3 Pages.

Dark energy pulsating hypothesis challenging mystery of cosmic large-scale structure. Even a hundred billion galaxies are distributed like bubbles (void) of aggregate space design structure. Galaxies are distributed to the grid of bubbles. Galaxy does not exist on the inside of the bubble. That is a mystery of Cosmic Physics. Oscillatory universe model to challenge its mysteries. Repeated mini-big bang due to pulsation of the microcosm. In each of its Moving bubbles around galaxies formed by the previous mini-big bang, centered in the grid of bubbles.
Category: Astrophysics

[26] viXra:1701.0620 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-26 10:02:09

Electronic Chip Black Hole

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 11 Pages.

A team of theoretical physicists has proposed a way to simulate black holes on an electronic chip. Additionally, the technology used to create these lab-made black holes may be useful for quantum technologies. [12] To carry out this experiment, Chen and Mourou suggest a laser pulse could be sent through a plasma target. [11] Jeff Steinhauer, a physicist at the Israel Institute of Technology, has published a paper in the journal Nature Physics describing experiments in which he attempted to create a virtual black hole in the lab in order to prove that Stephen Hawking's theory of radiation emanating from black holes is correct —though his experiments are based on sound, rather than light. In his paper, he claims to have observed the quantum effects of Hawking radiation in his lab as part of a virtual black hole—which, if proven to be true, will be the first time it has ever been achieved. New Research Mathematically Proves Quantum Effects Stop the Formation of Black Holes. By merging two seemingly conflicting theories, Laura Mersini-Houghton, a physics professor at UNC-Chapel Hill in the College of Arts and Sciences, has proven, mathematically, that black holes can never come into being in the first place. The works not only forces scientists to reimagining the fabric of space-time, but also rethink the origins of the universe. Considering the positive logarithmic values as the measure of entropy and the negative logarithmic values as the measure of information we get the Information – Entropy Theory of Physics, used first as the model of the computer chess program built in the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Applying this model to physics we have an understanding of the perturbation theory of the QED and QCD as the Information measure of Physics. We have an insight to the current research of Quantum Information Science. The generalization of the Weak Interaction shows the arrow of time in the associate research fields of the biophysics and others. We discuss also the event horizon of the Black Holes, closing the information inside.
Category: Astrophysics

[25] viXra:1701.0615 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-25 14:19:03

From Neutrino's Microtokamaks or Microstellarators to Neutrino's Quantum Extradimensional Respectively Extraterrestrial Bundles and Boundless Neutrino's Transmissions of Yotta Bytes Neutrinic's “space Music”

Authors: Imrich Krištof
Comments: 5 Pages.

There have been observed very scientifically important facts and astrophysical events in the Scorpius Stars Constellation during the last twenty years. Like an example I can introduce Discovery of nova Scorpii 2007, probably Binar System (V 1280 Sco.), described by Japanese astronomer Yukio Samurai on 4th – 5th February 2007. In 1998 in many scientific journals (Science, Scientific American) was published many informations about our Sun's (G2V) homolog or equivalent in Scorpii Constellation. In exceptionally but probably case an existence of high–tech civilization or metacivilization with building of Super Dyson sphere could be important for radiowave or other way of communication. There could be an existence some extrasolar's planets with advanced hi–tech civilization respectively based on neutrinic or spin–tronic technology. In the Scorpius Constellation are these typically our Sun's homolog stars: Shaula (λ Scorpii), Dschubba (δ Scorpii) -> tetrastellar system, Acrab (β Scorpii) and Binar Sun System Wei (ε Scorpii).
Category: Astrophysics

[24] viXra:1701.0607 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-25 10:42:08

Hawking Radiation in the Lab

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 10 Pages.

To carry out this experiment, Chen and Mourou suggest a laser pulse could be sent through a plasma target. [11] Jeff Steinhauer, a physicist at the Israel Institute of Technology, has published a paper in the journal Nature Physics describing experiments in which he attempted to create a virtual black hole in the lab in order to prove that Stephen Hawking's theory of radiation emanating from black holes is correct —though his experiments are based on sound, rather than light. In his paper, he claims to have observed the quantum effects of Hawking radiation in his lab as part of a virtual black hole—which, if proven to be true, will be the first time it has ever been achieved. New Research Mathematically Proves Quantum Effects Stop the Formation of Black Holes. By merging two seemingly conflicting theories, Laura Mersini-Houghton, a physics professor at UNC-Chapel Hill in the College of Arts and Sciences, has proven, mathematically, that black holes can never come into being in the first place. The works not only forces scientists to reimagining the fabric of space-time, but also rethink the origins of the universe. Considering the positive logarithmic values as the measure of entropy and the negative logarithmic values as the measure of information we get the Information – Entropy Theory of Physics, used first as the model of the computer chess program built in the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Applying this model to physics we have an understanding of the perturbation theory of the QED and QCD as the Information measure of Physics. We have an insight to the current research of Quantum Information Science. The generalization of the Weak Interaction shows the arrow of time in the associate research fields of the biophysics and others. We discuss also the event horizon of the Black Holes, closing the information inside.
Category: Astrophysics

[23] viXra:1701.0604 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-25 05:44:04

Magnetic Fields Evidence of Dark Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 29 Pages.

Scientists at the Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) have optimized some of the characteristics of a magnet to hunt for one possible component of dark matter called axion. [21] The first sighting of clustered dwarf galaxies bolsters a leading theory about how big galaxies such as our Milky Way are formed, and how dark matter binds them, researchers said Monday. [20] Scientists from The University of Manchester working on a revolutionary telescope project have harnessed the power of distributed computing from the UK's GridPP collaboration to tackle one of the Universe's biggest mysteries – the nature of dark matter and dark energy. [18] In the search for the mysterious dark matter, physicists have used elaborate computer calculations to come up with an outline of the particles of this unknown form of matter. [17] Unlike x-rays that the naked eye can't see but equipment can measure, scientists have yet to detect dark matter after three decades of searching, even with the world's most sensitive instruments. [16] Scientists have lost their latest round of hide-and-seek with dark matter, but they're not out of the game. [15] A new study is providing evidence for the presence of dark matter in the innermost part of the Milky Way, including in our own cosmic neighborhood and the Earth's location. The study demonstrates that large amounts of dark matter exist around us, and also between us and the Galactic center. The result constitutes a fundamental step forward in the quest for the nature of dark matter. [14] Researchers may have uncovered a way to observe dark matter thanks to a discovery involving X-ray emissions. [13] Between 2009 and 2013, the Planck satellite observed relic radiation, sometimes called cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. Today, with a full analysis of the data, the quality of the map is now such that the imprints left by dark matter and relic neutrinos are clearly visible. [12] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter. The Weak Interaction changes the temperature dependent Planck Distribution of the electromagnetic oscillations and changing the non-compensated dark matter rate, giving the responsibility to the sterile neutrino.
Category: Astrophysics

[22] viXra:1701.0595 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-24 08:33:34

Distances, Locations, Ages and Reproduction of Galaxies in our Dynamic Universe

Authors: Satyavarapu Naga Parameswara Gupta
Comments: 9 Pages. This Exxay was submitted to FQXI---- FQXi FORUM: Wandering Towards a Goal Essay Contest (2016-2017) January 24, 2017

There are many distant Galaxies whose distances are about 30 Giga light years. There are Galaxies which were born just after 400 million years after Bigbang and which were born 6 to 7 billion years after Bigbang. In Dynamic Universe Model all the Galaxies are distributed at different distances and the Universe looks similar as it is now. On 01March2016 the news of the discovery about the observation of most distant Galaxy ‘GNZ11 or GN11’having an light travel distance 13.4 Giga light years & co-moving distance of 32 Giga light years and having a red shift z of 11.1 created quite a stir. There are many such Galaxies like EGSY8p7 (with z= 8.68, age =13.2) and EGS-zs8-1 (with z= 7.73, age =13.04). To show that Universe exists further to GNz11, a Galaxy at distance of 100 times 13.4 Billion light years (1.26862E+28 meters) is simulated and named it as GNz11 in this simulation. 132 more galaxies were assumed in the range (3.02001E+26 to 1.26862E+28) meter. Later distance of the first Galaxy was reduced by 50% and found the graphs of Universe become similar in both the simulations after 102 iterations. Slowly life of the stars and hence subsequently the life of Galaxy will come to end because of their electromagnetic radiation. Galaxies tend to evolve from spiral to elliptical structure and they perish to form Blue clouds known as Galaxy "quenching". Hence we can say that our Universe had reproduction ability, which is a very slow process. Universe produces new Galaxies, and the already formed Galaxies perish slowly. Ours is single universe and is a closed one. In other words, our Universe reproduces its Galaxies, as and when light and other electromagnetic radiation condenses to form enough matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[21] viXra:1701.0594 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-24 08:53:27

Existence of Many Blue Shifted Galaxies in the Universe by Dynamic Universe Model Came True

Authors: Satyavarapu Naga Parameswara Gupta
Comments: 32 Pages. This paper is published in Open Journal of Modelling and Simulation with DOI 10.4236/ojmsi.2017.51009 . ISSN Print: 2327-4018 , ISSN Online: 2327-4026 , Gupta, S.N.P., (2017), 5, 113-144.

There are many blue shifted Galaxies in our universe. Here we will see old simulations to make such predictions from the output graphs using SITA simulations. There are four new simulations also presented here. In these sets of simulations, different point masses are placed in different distances in a 3D Cartesian coordinate grid; and these point masses are allowed to move on universal gravitation force (UGF) acting on each mass at that instant of time at its position. The output pictures depict the three dimensional orbit formations of point masses after some iterations. In an orbit so formed, some Galaxies are coming near (Blue shifted) and some are going away (Red shifted). In this paper, the simulations predicted the existence of a large number of Blue shifted Galaxies, in an expanding universe, in 2004 itself. Over 8300 blue shifted galaxies have been discovered extending beyond the Local Group by Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in the year 2009. Thus Dynamic Universe model predictions came true.
Category: Astrophysics

[20] viXra:1701.0591 [pdf] replaced on 2023-08-01 14:30:12

Is Newton's Gravitational 'Constant' Increasing?

Authors: Alphonsus J. Fagan
Comments: 14 Pages. The edited version adds a short section re possible implications for age of the universe.

The Beckenstein-Hawking formula for blackhole entropy indicates that blackholes have the highest possible entropy density in Nature. This suggests that, in addition to increasing entropy by inexorable expansion, the universe can also increase entropy by creating more blackholes. And, one way to accomplish this would be to have the gravitational 'constant' ('Big G') increase with time. This paper explores the dynamical relationship between these two entropic processes, how 'Big G' might vary with time, possible implications for the age of the universe, and where to look for evidence.
Category: Astrophysics

[19] viXra:1701.0587 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-25 03:32:22

Quantum Horizon

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 22 Pages.

Patrick Hayden and Robert Myers describe how the study of “qubits”, quantum bits of information, may hold the key to uniting quantum theory and general relativity into a unified theory of quantum gravity. [13] Cosmologists trying to understand how to unite the two pillars of modern science – quantum physics and gravity – have found a new way to make robust predictions about the effect of quantum fluctuations on primordial density waves, ripples in the fabric of space and time. [12] Physicists have performed a test designed to investigate the effects of the expansion of the universe—hoping to answer questions such as "does the expansion of the universe affect laboratory experiments?", "might this expansion change the lengths of solid objects and the time measured by atomic clocks differently, in violation of Einstein's equivalence principle?", and "does spacetime have a foam-like structure that slightly changes the speed of photons over time?", an idea that could shed light on the connection between general relativity and quantum gravity. [11] Einstein's equivalence principle states that an object in gravitational free fall is physically equivalent to an object that is accelerating with the same amount of force in the absence of gravity. This principle lies at the heart of general relativity and has been experimentally tested many times. Now in a new paper, scientists have experimentally demonstrated a conceptually new way to test the equivalence principle that could detect the effects of a relatively new concept called spin-gravity coupling. [10] A recent peer-reviewed paper by physicist James Franson from the University of Maryland in the US has initiated a stir among physics community. Issued in the New Journal of Physics, the paper points to evidence proposing that the speed of light as defined by the theory of general relativity, is slower than originally thought. [9] Gravitational time dilation causes decoherence of composite quantum systems. Even if gravitons are there, it’s probable that we would never be able to perceive them. Perhaps, assuming they continue inside a robust model of quantum gravity, there may be secondary ways of proving their actuality. [7] The magnetic induction creates a negative electric field, causing an electromagnetic inertia responsible for the relativistic mass change; it is the mysterious Higgs Field giving mass to the particles. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron’s spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The self maintained electric potential of the accelerating charges equivalent with the General Relativity space-time curvature, and since it is true on the quantum level also, gives the base of the Quantum Gravity. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the relativistic quantum theory.
Category: Astrophysics

[18] viXra:1701.0586 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-25 04:36:42

Dark Matter and Dwarf Galaxies

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 27 Pages.

The first sighting of clustered dwarf galaxies bolsters a leading theory about how big galaxies such as our Milky Way are formed, and how dark matter binds them, researchers said Monday. [20] Scientists from The University of Manchester working on a revolutionary telescope project have harnessed the power of distributed computing from the UK's GridPP collaboration to tackle one of the Universe's biggest mysteries – the nature of dark matter and dark energy. [18] In the search for the mysterious dark matter, physicists have used elaborate computer calculations to come up with an outline of the particles of this unknown form of matter. [17] Unlike x-rays that the naked eye can't see but equipment can measure, scientists have yet to detect dark matter after three decades of searching, even with the world's most sensitive instruments. [16] Scientists have lost their latest round of hide-and-seek with dark matter, but they're not out of the game. [15] A new study is providing evidence for the presence of dark matter in the innermost part of the Milky Way, including in our own cosmic neighborhood and the Earth's location. The study demonstrates that large amounts of dark matter exist around us, and also between us and the Galactic center. The result constitutes a fundamental step forward in the quest for the nature of dark matter. [14] Researchers may have uncovered a way to observe dark matter thanks to a discovery involving X-ray emissions. [13] Between 2009 and 2013, the Planck satellite observed relic radiation, sometimes called cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. Today, with a full analysis of the data, the quality of the map is now such that the imprints left by dark matter and relic neutrinos are clearly visible. [12] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter. The Weak Interaction changes the temperature dependent Planck Distribution of the electromagnetic oscillations and changing the non-compensated dark matter rate, giving the responsibility to the sterile neutrino.
Category: Astrophysics

[17] viXra:1701.0571 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-22 13:17:59

Wave Gravity the Way Towards Planck's Scale

Authors: Dragan Turanyanin
Comments: 8 Pages.

Gravity phenomenon is observed as periodic and wavy by its nature. Wave function describing state of space encircling gravitodynamic vortex is being suggested. In the “strong field” area, a quantization of orbits should be quite natural and fully observable. That phenomenon is named as gravitonium. The so-called Resonance with de Broglie’s wave arises as a natural. A direct consequence is the natural existence of Planck’s values as the main quanta. Resonance observed there could be possible mechanism of mass creation. The whole concept leads to change of 20th century geometrization paradigm towards real wave dynamic description of Universe.
Category: Astrophysics

[16] viXra:1701.0555 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-20 21:17:29

The Law of Capture in Star System Formation

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 1 Page.

If there are older stars orbiting younger ones, then star system formation via capture is the law of star system formation.
Category: Astrophysics

[15] viXra:1701.0553 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-20 10:05:13

Violations of Energy Conservation

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

Physicists have proposed that violations of energy conservation in the early universe, as predicted by certain modified theories of quantum mechanics and quantum gravity, may explain the cosmological constant problem, which is sometimes referred to as "the worst theoretical prediction in the history of physics." [20] Scientists from The University of Manchester working on a revolutionary telescope project have harnessed the power of distributed computing from the UK's GridPP collaboration to tackle one of the Universe's biggest mysteries – the nature of dark matter and dark energy. [18] In the search for the mysterious dark matter, physicists have used elaborate computer calculations to come up with an outline of the particles of this unknown form of matter. [17] Unlike x-rays that the naked eye can't see but equipment can measure, scientists have yet to detect dark matter after three decades of searching, even with the world's most sensitive instruments. [16] Scientists have lost their latest round of hide-and-seek with dark matter, but they're not out of the game. [15] A new study is providing evidence for the presence of dark matter in the innermost part of the Milky Way, including in our own cosmic neighborhood and the Earth's location. The study demonstrates that large amounts of dark matter exist around us, and also between us and the Galactic center. The result constitutes a fundamental step forward in the quest for the nature of dark matter. [14] Researchers may have uncovered a way to observe dark matter thanks to a discovery involving X-ray emissions. [13] Between 2009 and 2013, the Planck satellite observed relic radiation, sometimes called cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. Today, with a full analysis of the data, the quality of the map is now such that the imprints left by dark matter and relic neutrinos are clearly visible. [12] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter. The Weak Interaction changes the temperature dependent Planck Distribution of the electromagnetic oscillations and changing the non-compensated dark matter rate, giving the responsibility to the sterile neutrino.
Category: Astrophysics

[14] viXra:1701.0535 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-18 13:49:36

Purpose of Life in Universe

Authors: Michail Zak
Comments: 13 Pages.

This work is inspired by the discovery of a new class of dynamical system described by ODE coupled with their Liouville equation. These systems called self-controlled since the role of actuators is played by the probability produced by the Liouville equation. Following the Madelung equation that belongs to this class, non-Newtonian properties such as randomness, entanglement, and probability interference typical for quantum systems have been described. Special attention was paid to the capability to violate the second law of thermodynamics, which makes these systems neither Newtonian, nor quantum. It has been shown that self-controlled dynamical systems can be linked to mathematical models of livings. The discovery of isolated dynamical systems that can decrease entropy in violation of the second law of thermodynamics, and resemblances of these systems to livings implies that Life can slow down heat death of the Universe, and that can be associated with the Purpose of Life.
Category: Astrophysics

[13] viXra:1701.0520 [pdf] replaced on 2017-02-03 08:12:27

Black Holes and Accumulation Disk of a Galaxy

Authors: Yibing Qiu
Comments: 1 Page.

Abstract: show a viewpoint with regards to the mechanism between the black holes and the disks of galaxies.
Category: Astrophysics

[12] viXra:1701.0514 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-16 12:46:36

Inflation Space Model and Pulsation Space Model.

Authors: Terubumi Honjou
Comments: 4 Pages.

The inflation space model becomes the leading role of the cosmology now. The inflation cosmology supposes space to have been the size of the elementary particle level at a moment of the space birth and applies particle physics and is going to understand it. But for now, Innumerable inflation cosmology is proposed, and one cannot identify it. Introduction of the super velocity of light concept more than the velocity of light, A unit infinite other than the space where we live in other space with existing, There is it in confusion.
Category: Astrophysics

[11] viXra:1701.0508 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-16 01:10:24

White Spots of the Universe "FULL of HOLES" Become Black Holes Nikitin V. N., Nikitin I.v. Our Universe – One of Galaxies Multivselenna Limited to a Gravitational Cover and the Black Hole in the Center. the White Hole Has Turned Black, Having Let Out Gala

Authors: Nikitin V. N., Nikitin I.V.
Comments: 2 Pages.

Our Universe – one of galaxies Multivselenna limited to a gravitational cover and the Black hole in the center. The white hole has turned black, having let out galactic "tears", and we see that today, as have to see!
Category: Astrophysics

[10] viXra:1701.0507 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-16 01:15:27

How Much "BLUEBERRY" on Mars? Nikitin V. N., Nikitin I.v. Once the Tail of an Unknown Comet "Covered" Mars with Red "Cover". Martian "Blueberry" is the Hail Which Arose from the "Torn-Off" Tail of an Unknown Comet.

Authors: Nikitin V. N., Nikitin I.V.
Comments: 1 Page.

Once the tail of an unknown comet "covered" Mars with red "cover". Martian "blueberry" is the hail which arose from the "torn-off" tail of an unknown comet.
Category: Astrophysics

[9] viXra:1701.0477 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-12 14:18:40

Supermassive Black Holes Galaxies Merge

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 22 Pages.

In roughly four billion years, the Milky Way will be no more. Indeed, our home galaxy is on course to collide and unite with the Andromeda Galaxy, at present some two million light years away. [16] A simulation of the powerful jets generated by supermassive black holes at the centers of the largest galaxies explains why some burst forth as bright beacons visible across the universe, while others fall apart and never pierce the halo of the galaxy. [15] Astronomers from Chalmers University of Technology have used the giant telescope Alma to reveal an extremely powerful magnetic field very close to a supermassive black hole in a distant galaxy. The results appear in the 17 April 2015 issue of the journal Science. [14] Quasars, even those that are billions of light years away, are some of the " brightest beacons " in the universe. Yet how can quasars radiate so much energy that they can be seen from Earth? One explanation is that at each quasar's center is a growing supermassive black hole (SMBH). [13] If dark matter comes in both matter and antimatter varieties, it might accumulate inside dense stars to create black holes. [12] For a long time, there were two main theories related to how our universe would end. These were the Big Freeze and the Big Crunch. In short, the Big Crunch claimed that the universe would eventually stop expanding and collapse in on itself. This collapse would result in…well…a big crunch (for lack of a better term). Think " the Big Bang " , except just the opposite. That's essentially what the Big Crunch is. On the other hand, the Big Freeze claimed that the universe would continue expanding forever, until the cosmos becomes a frozen wasteland. This theory asserts that stars will get farther and farther apart, burn out, and (since there are no more stars bring born) the universe will grown entirely cold and eternally black. [11] Newly published research reveals that dark matter is being swallowed up by dark energy, offering novel insight into the nature of dark matter and dark energy and what the future of our Universe might be. [10] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[8] viXra:1701.0467 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-12 02:38:07

Hypothesis of Multistage Synthesis of Elements of Stars Nikitin V. N., Nikitin I.v. Hydrogen and Helium – the Subsequent Product of Synthesis of Elements of Stars.

Authors: Nikitin V. N., Nikitin I.V.
Comments: 1 Page.

Hydrogen and helium – the subsequent product of synthesis of elements of stars.
Category: Astrophysics

[7] viXra:1701.0416 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 12:01:39

Could Planet 9 be a Dwarf star?

Authors: Jerrold Thacker
Comments: 12 Pages.

A review of parallax measurements of stars indicates there are major discrepancies in the distance measurements to red giant stars. There is very strong evidence that the nearest star is Betelgeuse, only a few light-weeks away and actually a dwarf star. It is possible that this dwarf star may be the missing Planet 9
Category: Astrophysics

[6] viXra:1701.0398 [pdf] replaced on 2017-07-18 08:40:47

Black Holes, White Holes, Pulsars and Neutron Stars

Authors: Yibing Qiu
Comments: 1 Page.

Abstract: show a viewpoint about black holes, white holes, pulsars and neutron stars.
Category: Astrophysics

[5] viXra:1701.0346 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-10 05:36:59

Video of Explosion Like Phenomena in the CMB Hot Spots Are Observed When WMAP and Planck CMB Images Are Superimposed and Transitioned Back and Forth.

Authors: H.S. Dhaliwal
Comments: 19 Pages.

I have compared Wmap to Planck and there appears to be explosion like phenomena occurring in the Cmb. A hot spot, after some time, disappears or explodes in the before and after comparisons. There are also observations of hot spots appearing where once there was a cold region. One may say this is noise in the data, to carry on the big bang theory, but there is a significant chance it is not as these changes are too large. If they are explosions, these hot spots may leave black holes behind and eject matter outwards, similar to a super novae event but macro. In some observations you will notice a round hollowish dark dot is left after the explosion like event. This observation, if correct, means we cannot rely on the redshift-distance theory interpretation as we know it when it comes to the distance between us and the Cmb. If in fact these were explosions, they should be significantly different in there frequency. There is also evidence from simulations on the Cmb of numerous concentric circles existing in the map. These circles may be the after affects of these Cmb hot spots exploding. The midpoint of these concentric rings do not have any hot spots in them, because the hot spot at the midpoint may have exploded in the past, which turned into cold spots, and the after affect was the concentric rings. A superimposition of the concentric circles on the Cmb is also included in the paper. Note some concentric rings have unique dark spots in the mid point, a black circle is placed over these interesting observations (Obs. 17).
Category: Astrophysics

[4] viXra:1701.0343 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-09 18:11:54

A Simple Solution to the Dark Matter Problem

Authors: Jerrold Thacker
Comments: 1 Page.

There is evidence that the attractive force of gravity is logarithmic instead of linear. If this is true, then the motion of stars in spiral galaxies is easily explained and there is no need for dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[3] viXra:1701.0307 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-06 11:34:02

Giant Atoms Unveil Dark Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 28 Pages.

Giant atoms could help unveil 'dark matter' and other cosmic secrets. [23] Astronomers in the US are setting up an experiment which, if it fails – as others have – could mark the end of a 30-year-old theory. [22] Russian scientists have discovered that the proportion of unstable particles in the composition of dark matter in the days immediately following the Big Bang was no more than 2 percent to 5 percent. Their study has been published in Physical Review D. [21] Researchers from the University of Amsterdam's (UvA) GRAPPA Center of Excellence have just published the most precise analysis of the fluctuations in the gamma-ray background to date. [20] The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, called DESI, has an ambitious goal: to scan more than 35 million galaxies in the night sky to track the expansion of our universe and the growth of its large-scale structure over the last 10 billion years. [19] If the axion exist and it is the main component of Dark Matter, the very relic axions that would be bombarding us continuously could be detected using microwave resonant (to the axion mass) cavities, immersed in powerful magnetic fields. [18] In yet another attempt to nail down the elusive nature of dark matter, a European team of researchers has used a supercomputer to develop a profile of the yet-to-be-detected entity that appears to pervade the universe. [17] MIT physicists are proposing a new experiment to detect a dark matter particle called the axion. If successful, the effort could crack one of the most perplexing unsolved mysteries in particle physics, as well as finally yield a glimpse of dark matter. [16] Researches at Stockholm University are getting closer to light dark-matter particle models. Observations rule out some axion-like particles in the quest for the content of dark matter. The article is now published in the Physical Review Letters. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[2] viXra:1701.0003 [pdf] replaced on 2017-01-06 16:04:29

Exploring the Inflation and Gravity of the Universe with Eyring’s Rate Process Theory and Free Volume Concept

Authors: Tian Hao,Yuanze Xu,Ting Hao
Comments: Pages.

On the basis of the very successful free volume theory applicable to wide length scales from electrons to small molecules, macromolecules, colloidal particles and even granules, hypothetical particles dubbed “freevons” are proposed to fill up the free volume available in any system from microscopic atomic world to the macroscopic universe. The Eyring’s rate process theory that has a wide applicability to many chemical and physical phenomena is assumed to govern the behaviors of freevons. It turns out that for keeping the universe to expand in an accelerated manner, the freevons must form the paired structures, like electrons paired in superconductivity state and helium-3 atoms paired in superfluidity state; at about 5 K, there is a temperature induced phase transition happening and the Hubble’s constant is predicted to dramatically increase, implying that the universe will inflate even further rapidly. The universe is therefore viewed as particles, the stars and galaxies, dispersed in the superfluidity freevon sea and the gravity is considered to be induced from the force density, usually defined as a negative gradient of pressure in fluid mechanics. The Newton’s gravity equation is thus easily obtained under those assumptions, and similarly the Coulomb’s Law can also be obtained using the same approach. In this superfluiditiy framework, the volumes rather than the masses of particles are found to be important in determining the gravitational forces. The expansion driving force comes from the activity or concentration gradient of freevons formed at the beginning of the big bang, and there is no need to postulate a dark energy or dark matter to be responsible for such an accelerated inflation; Or freevons can be considered “dark matter”. Our approach may bridge many different theories in astrophysics field and provide a possibility to use quantum mechanics to study the universe through exploring the quantum mechanics behaviors of freevons.
Category: Astrophysics

[1] viXra:1701.0001 [pdf] submitted on 2017-01-01 07:53:05

Existence of Dark Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

Astronomers in the US are setting up an experiment which, if it fails – as others have – could mark the end of a 30-year-old theory. [22] Russian scientists have discovered that the proportion of unstable particles in the composition of dark matter in the days immediately following the Big Bang was no more than 2 percent to 5 percent. Their study has been published in Physical Review D. [21] Researchers from the University of Amsterdam's (UvA) GRAPPA Center of Excellence have just published the most precise analysis of the fluctuations in the gamma-ray background to date. [20] The Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, called DESI, has an ambitious goal: to scan more than 35 million galaxies in the night sky to track the expansion of our universe and the growth of its large-scale structure over the last 10 billion years. [19] If the axion exist and it is the main component of Dark Matter, the very relic axions that would be bombarding us continuously could be detected using microwave resonant (to the axion mass) cavities, immersed in powerful magnetic fields. [18] In yet another attempt to nail down the elusive nature of dark matter, a European team of researchers has used a supercomputer to develop a profile of the yet-to-be-detected entity that appears to pervade the universe. [17] MIT physicists are proposing a new experiment to detect a dark matter particle called the axion. If successful, the effort could crack one of the most perplexing unsolved mysteries in particle physics, as well as finally yield a glimpse of dark matter. [16] Researches at Stockholm University are getting closer to light dark-matter particle models. Observations rule out some axion-like particles in the quest for the content of dark matter. The article is now published in the Physical Review Letters. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics