High Energy Particle Physics

1903 Submissions

[27] viXra:1903.0572 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-31 07:48:07

Proton Gets its Spin Complicated

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 83 Pages.

“Spin has surprises. Everybody thought it’s simple … and it turns out it’s much more complicated,” Aschenauer says. [45] Approximately one year ago, a spectacular dive into Saturn ended NASA's Cassini mission—and with it a unique, 13-year research expedition to the Saturnian system. [44] Scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, and their colleagues from the international ALICE collaboration recently collided xenon nuclei, in order to gain new insights into the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (the QGP) – the matter that the universe consisted of up to a microsecond after the Big Bang. [43]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[26] viXra:1903.0531 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-29 11:50:58

Quantum Mechanics Where Spin is SO(3)

Authors: Carl A. Brannen
Comments: 23 Pages.

In 2014 Steven Weinberg noted that quantum mechanics can avoid various difficulties, such as the many worlds hypothesis, by taking the quantum states to be density matrices without reference to state vectors. An immediate consequence of Weinberg's idea is that electron spin can be taken to follow SO(3) instead of SU(2). This radical departure from present understanding motivates our exploration of density matrices as a method of going beyond the Standard Model. An important tool for Standard Model calculations is the Feynman path integral formulation of quantum field theory. When the path integral is Wick rotated from time to imaginary time or temperature it becomes a method of cooling down density matrices. While this does not show that one goes beyond the Standard Model by Wick rotation, it does show a close relation between this method of cooling density matrices and quantum field theory of the Standard Model. We explore these ideas and exhibit toy models with particle content and symmetry similar to the Standard Model.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[25] viXra:1903.0522 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-28 08:18:01

Particle Self-Organization in Plasma

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 81 Pages.

Physicists recently investigated the behavior of particles in a dusty plasma at a temperature below 2 degrees K. [43] Researchers at MIT's Plasma Science and Fusion Center (PSFC) have now demonstrated how microwaves can be used to overcome barriers to steady-state tokamak operation. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning—all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[24] viXra:1903.0502 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 08:13:00

Mini Laser-Driven Particle Accelerator

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

Munich physicists have succeeded in demonstrating plasma wakefield acceleration of subatomic particles in a miniaturized, laser-driven model. [31] Tomasz Skwarnicki, professor of physics in the College of Arts and Sciences at Syracuse University, has uncovered new information about a class of particles called pentaquarks. [30] Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory officially broke ground March 15 on a major new particle accelerator project that will power cutting-edge physics experiments for many decades to come. [29]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[23] viXra:1903.0487 [pdf] replaced on 2019-04-29 22:05:01

Philosophy of Nature, Universal Field Theory, Natural Cosmology, and Ontological Evolution

Authors: Wei Xu
Comments: 222 Pages.

The fundamental principles of this book are human wisdoms of our ultimate philosophy, scientific theories and empirical knowledge that give birth to Universal Field Theory. Since inauguration, it is now strikingly breaking forth systematically from the philosophy of natural laws to the unification of the entire traditional, classical and contemporary physics, and gracefully representing the triple essences of: 

  1. Laws of universe as Philosophy of Nature, 
  2. Framework of nature as Infrastructure of Universe, 
  3. Hierarchy of horizon structures as Topology of Physics. 

By exploring the profound principles behind the workings of the nature, we abstract each context of the laws philosophically, define their terminologies revelationally, derive the scientific theories mathematically, and testify the “artifacts” empirically, shown by the following approaches. 

Chapter I: Abstracts principles of Philosophy of Nature and reveals secrets of Topology of Universe and Horizon Hierarchy of Worlds, predominantly Laws of YinYang processes and of Event Evolutions. (Designed for philosophers using methodology of “divine inspirations by heart”)

Chapter II: Illustrates how the Infrastructure of Universe is developed as the mathematical framework to carry out Universal Field Equations and give rise to the foundations of physical Horizons. (Designed for scientists using methodology of “research thoughts by brain”)

Chapter III-VII: Testifies why the theory can unify our modern physics, conclude numerous groundbreakings, and declare as Universal Field Theory, prevailing over quantum fields, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, gravitation, cosmology and ontology. (Designed for empiricism using methodology of “controlled experiments by technology”)

Therefore, readers will gain their confidences in development of our future sciences concisely. and effectively with the methodology of 

Philosophy => Scientific Theory <==> Observation and Experiment 


Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[22] viXra:1903.0485 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-27 23:14:27

CMS LHC Run 2 Higgs and Truth Quark

Authors: Frank Dodd Tony Smith Jr
Comments: 11 Pages.

CMS histogram for 2016+2017+2018 LHC Run 2 at 13 TeV supports 3 mass states of the Higgs at about 125 GeV, 200 GeV, and 250 GeV with Higgs and Truth Quark forming a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio System. ATLAS (afaik) has not studied the mass range of 200 GeV and 250 GeVsince ATLAS-CONF-2017-058 which saw excess in 2015-2016 13 TeV data around 240 GeV with local significance 3.6 sigma. Fermilab CDF and D0 have, in addition to the Truth Quark 174 GeV state, seen indications of Truth Quark mass states around 130 GeV and 220 GeV but the Fermilab Consensus has dismissed them as statistical fluctuations.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[21] viXra:1903.0445 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-26 05:34:58

New Class of Pentaquarks

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

Tomasz Skwarnicki, professor of physics in the College of Arts and Sciences at Syracuse University, has uncovered new information about a class of particles called pentaquarks. [30] Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory officially broke ground March 15 on a major new particle accelerator project that will power cutting-edge physics experiments for many decades to come. [29] The ATLAS collaboration has released its very first result utilising its entire Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run 2 dataset, collected between 2015 and 2018. [28]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[20] viXra:1903.0397 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-21 11:12:00

Why There's More Matter than Antimatter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 24 Pages.

This is arguably the most profound question there is and one that may seem completely outside the scope of particle physics. But our new experiment at CERN's Large Hadron Collider has taken us a step closer to figuring it out. [28] The Antiproton Decelerator (AD), sometimes known as the Antimatter Factory, is the world's largest source of antimatter and has been operational since 2000. [27] Positronium atoms, which consist of an electron and a positron, are one type of antimatter atoms being considered to test whether antimatter falls at the same rate as matter in Earth's gravitational field. [26]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[19] viXra:1903.0384 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-22 06:39:21

ATLAS Finds 3 Massive Vector Bosons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 33 Pages.

The ATLAS Experiment at CERN has just released evidence for the simultaneous production of three W or Z bosons in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). [29] The ATLAS collaboration has released its very first result utilising its entire Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run 2 dataset, collected between 2015 and 2018. [28] The Antiproton Decelerator (AD), sometimes known as the Antimatter Factory, is the world's largest source of antimatter and has been operational since 2000. [27]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[18] viXra:1903.0379 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-20 12:12:24

The Ballet of Alice

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

ALICE's inner tracker is a 1.5-metre-long tube, 1 metre in diameter. It will be replaced with a new, much more precise detector closer to the collision point, formed of seven pixel layers and containing a total of 12.5 billion pixels. [30] On Wednesday, 25 July, for the very first time, operators injected not just atomic nuclei but lead "atoms" containing a single electron into the LHC. [29] The case for an ambitious new particle accelerator to be built in the United States has just gotten a major boost.[27] Physics textbooks might have to be updated now that an international research team has found evidence of an unexpected transition in the structure of atomic nuclei. [26] The group led by Fabrizio Carbone at EPFL and international colleagues have used ultrafast transmission electron microscopy to take attosecond energy-momentum resolved snapshots (1 attosecond = 10-18 or quintillionths of a second) of a free-electron wave function. [25] Now, physicists are working toward getting their first CT scans of the inner workings of the nucleus. [24] The process of the sticking together of quarks, called hadronisation, is still poorly understood. [23] In experimental campaigns using the OMEGA EP laser at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE) at the University of Rochester, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), University of California San Diego (UCSD) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers took radiographs of the shock front, similar to the X-ray radiology in hospitals with protons instead of X-rays. [22] Researchers generate proton beams using a combination of nanoparticles and laser light. [21] Devices based on light, rather than electrons, could revolutionize the speed and security of our future computers. However, one of the major challenges in today's physics is the design of photonic devices, able to transport and switch light through circuits in a stable way. [20] Researchers characterize the rotational jiggling of an optically levitated nanoparticle, showing how this motion could be cooled to its quantum ground state. [19]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[17] viXra:1903.0363 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-19 08:36:19

Muon Detector Measure Electric Potential

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 54 Pages.

A team of researchers from several institutions in India and Japan has found that it is possible to use a muon detector to measure electric potential in thunderstorms. [32] Researchers at Caltech have designed a way to levitate and propel objects using only light, by creating specific nanoscale patterning on the objects' surfaces. [31] Scientists have developed a pioneering new technique that could pave the way for the next generation of optical tweezers. [30] To speed up the imaging process, the researchers made their Raman system more compatible with the algorithm. [29] The researchers have tested the virtual frame technique using several types of cameras with different sensitivities and bit depths ranging from sophisticated high-speed and high-end consumer cameras to smartphone cameras. [28] IBM researchers are applying deep learning to discover ways to overcome some of the technical challenges that AI can face when analyzing X-rays and other medical images. [27] Now, a team of A*STAR researchers and colleagues has developed a detector that can successfully pick out where human actions will occur in videos, in almost real-time. [26] A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in Germany and the U.S. has developed a deep learning algorithm that can be used for motion capture of animals of any kind. [25] In 2016, when we inaugurated our new IBM Research lab in Johannesburg, we took on this challenge and are reporting our first promising results at Health Day at the KDD Data Science Conference in London this month. [24] The research group took advantage of a system at SLAC's Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) that combines machine learning-a form of artificial intelligence where computer algorithms glean knowledge from enormous amounts of data-with experiments that quickly make and screen hundreds of sample materials at a time. [23]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[16] viXra:1903.0334 [pdf] replaced on 2019-05-16 20:47:27

Science, Art, and Music

Authors: Frank Dodd Tony Smith Jr
Comments: 54 Pages.

In my view: Science = Art = Music: Science is explained by a Theory of Everything (TOE) using Real Clifford Algebra Cl(16) The Pinnacle of Human Art is Marcel Duchamp's Large Glass which (when combined with its Mirror image) corresponds in detail with Cl(16) Physics TOE The Pinnacle of Human Music is Beethoven's Grosse Fugue which corresponds in detail with Cl(16) TOE Cl(16) emerged from a Quantum Fluctuation in a Void in our Parent Universe by David Finkelstein's Clifford Iteration Process: Cl(Void) = Clifford Algebra of Void = 0 Cl(0) = 2^0 dimensions = 1 Cl(1) = 2^1 = 2 Cl(2) = 2^2 = 4 Cl(4) = 2^4 = 16 Cl(16) = 2^16 = 65,536 = tensor product Cl(8)xCl(8) = 256x256 Cl(16) has 16 Vectors = Lie Ball = Spin(10) / Spin(8) x U(1) Cl(16) has 120 BiVectors = D8 subalagebra of E8 Cl(16) has 128 half-Spinors ( 1 0-Vector + 126 8-Vectors + 1 16-Vector ) 120+128 = 248 = E8 Cl(16) has 560 TriVectors = 10 copies of Fr3(O) 56-dim Fr3(O) has 2 copies of 27-dim J3(O) The other 65,536-16-120-128-560 = 64,712 elements of Cl(16) are available to carry information in processes such as Quantum Consciousness. Version 6 (v6) adds cover page referring to ROOF on FIRE gospel song. Version 7 (v7) adds material about Bohm Quantum Potential.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[15] viXra:1903.0314 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-18 05:35:00

Ghostly Particles, New Forces

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory officially broke ground March 15 on a major new particle accelerator project that will power cutting-edge physics experiments for many decades to come. [29] The ATLAS collaboration has released its very first result utilising its entire Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run 2 dataset, collected between 2015 and 2018. [28] The Antiproton Decelerator (AD), sometimes known as the Antimatter Factory, is the world's largest source of antimatter and has been operational since 2000. [27]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[14] viXra:1903.0311 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-16 21:31:22

On the Quark Model Based on Virtual Spacetime and the Origin of Fractional Charge

Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 18 Pages. Including Chinese Version

The quark model in the standard model is belong to real spacetime, so fractional charge is required. Since the quark model has obtained a lot of experimental support, although the fractional charge has not been detected yet, it is still reasonable. If we consider it from the perspective of the existence of virtual spacetime, we can better explain why the quark has a fractional charge. This paper assumes that each particle in real spacetime has a corresponding virtual spacetime particle in the virtual spacetime. The real spacetime proton corresponds to a magnetic monopole in the virtual spacetime, while the real spacetime three-generation six leptons corresponds to the corresponding three generations of six particles in the virtual spacetime. In addition to photons and the like, plus the respective anti-particles, there are 14 elementary particles in the virtual spacetime, which is basically consistent with the number of elementary particles in real spacetime. According to the requirements of virtual spacetime physics, the magnetic field and the electric field are exactly the same. Therefore, in the virtual spacetime reference system, the magnetic field of the magnetic monopole corresponds to the electric field of the proton. Starting from the symmetry requirement of virtual and real spacetime, the magnetic charge of the virtual spacetime magnetic monopole is also quantized. That is, the six particles’ magnetic charges of virtual spacetime corresponding to the real spacetime three-generation leptons are also quantized, they take integers. Then, through the appropriate formula, 14 particles of virtual spacetime are combined according to certain requirements, and all six quarks can be obtained. The charge, isospin, lepton number, and baryon number of each quark can be determined according to the formula.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[13] viXra:1903.0288 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-14 07:47:18

Antiproton Decelerator as Antimatter Factory

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 23 Pages.

The Antiproton Decelerator (AD), sometimes known as the Antimatter Factory, is the world's largest source of antimatter and has been operational since 2000. [27] Positronium atoms, which consist of an electron and a positron, are one type of antimatter atoms being considered to test whether antimatter falls at the same rate as matter in Earth's gravitational field. [26] Two new experiments at CERN, ALPHA-g and GBAR, have now started their journey towards answering this question. [25]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[12] viXra:1903.0271 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-15 04:12:13

Complexity in Proton Spin Puzzle

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 86 Pages.

New data from the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) add detail—and complexity—to an intriguing puzzle that scientists have been seeking to solve: how the building blocks that make up a proton contribute to its spin. [45] Approximately one year ago, a spectacular dive into Saturn ended NASA's Cassini mission—and with it a unique, 13-year research expedition to the Saturnian system. [44] Scientists from the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, and their colleagues from the international ALICE collaboration recently collided xenon nuclei, in order to gain new insights into the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (the QGP) – the matter that the universe consisted of up to a microsecond after the Big Bang. [43]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[11] viXra:1903.0258 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-13 11:31:16

ATLAS Experiment Results

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 35 Pages.

The ATLAS collaboration has released its very first result utilising its entire Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run 2 dataset, collected between 2015 and 2018. [28] The Antiproton Decelerator (AD), sometimes known as the Antimatter Factory, is the world's largest source of antimatter and has been operational since 2000. [27] Positronium atoms, which consist of an electron and a positron, are one type of antimatter atoms being considered to test whether antimatter falls at the same rate as matter in Earth's gravitational field. [26]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[10] viXra:1903.0257 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-13 11:39:27

About Beta Decay

Authors: Ilgaitis Prūsis, Peteris Prūsis
Comments: 4 pages

Contemporary physics states that an electron neutrino takes part in all events of beta decay. Here we show that electron-positron pairs participate in all beta decay events. For this reason, the hypothesis of electron neutrino presence is not necessary in β¯, β+ and electron capture reactions.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[9] viXra:1903.0243 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-12 10:49:22

Standard Model Fermions and Higgs Scalar Field from PCCR Operator Algebra

Authors: Peter Hickman
Comments: 4 Pages.

A fundamental theory of fermions is proposed by constructing the Dirac gamma matrices using pCCR operators. The result is the fermions of the Standard Model, 3 generations of leptons and quarks and the chiral nature of su(2) is revealed. In addition the pCCR operators generates a Higgs complex scalar doublet and that space-time is found to be 4d.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[8] viXra:1903.0228 [pdf] replaced on 2019-07-08 11:28:03

The Strange Attractor Structure of Turbulence and Effective Field Theories

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 8 Pages. Second draft, work in progress.

Recent work has conjectured that, under general boundary conditions, non-equilibrium Renormalization Group flows are likely to end up on strange attractors. If this conjecture is true, effective field theories must necessarily reflect the properties of these attractors. We start from the observation that, seemingly disparate concepts such as the Berry phase, gauge potentials and the curvature tensor of General Relativity (GR), share a common geometric foundation. Developing further, we posit that the dynamics of gauge and gravitational fields may be derived from the global attributes of strange attractors. The motivation behind this ansatz is that the Navier-Stokes equations bridge the gap between fluid turbulence, on the one hand, and the mathematics of GR and gauge theory, on the other.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[7] viXra:1903.0224 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-11 08:43:18

A Model of Lepton and Quark Structure

Authors: Risto Raitio
Comments: 5 Pages. This is a typo corrected manuscript reconstruction (February 2018), published as Physica Scripta, Vol. 22, 197-198, 1980.

We propose a model of particles with two very massive fundamental constituents, maxons. One of them is a fractionally charged color triplet and the other is neutral color singlet. Leptons, quarks and the weak bosons are quasiparticles in the system of interacting maxons. Some implications of the model are discussed.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[6] viXra:1903.0171 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-09 08:47:43

No-Show Sterile Neutrinos

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 36 Pages.

Analysis of data from the MINOS+ experiment reveals no evidence for oscillations involving sterile neutrinos. [11] Physicists have hypothesized the existence of fundamental particles called sterile neutrinos for decades and a couple of experiments have even caught possible hints of them. However, according to new results from two major international consortia, the chances that these indications were right and that these particles actually exist are now much slimmer. [10] The MIT team studied the distribution of neutrino flavors generated in Illinois, versus those detected in Minnesota, and found that these distributions can be explained most readily by quantum phenomena: As neutrinos sped between the reactor and detector, they were statistically most likely to be in a state of superposition, with no definite flavor or identity. [9] A new study reveals that neutrinos produced in the core of a supernova are highly localised compared to neutrinos from all other known sources. This result stems from a fresh estimate for an entity characterising these neutrinos, known as wave packets, which provide information on both their position and their momentum. [8] It could all have been so different. When matter first formed in the universe, our current theories suggest that it should have been accompanied by an equal amount of antimatter-a conclusion we know must be wrong, because we wouldn't be here if it were true. Now the latest results from a pair of experiments designed to study the behaviour of neutrinos-particles that barely interact with the rest of the universe-could mean we're starting to understand why. [7] In 2012, a tiny flash of light was detected deep beneath the Antarctic ice. A burst of neutrinos was responsible, and the flash of light was their calling card. It might not sound momentous, but the flash could give us tantalising insights into one of the most energetic objects in the distant universe. The light was triggered by the universe's most elusive particles when they made contact with a remarkable detector, appropriately called IceCube, which was built for the very purpose of capturing rare events such as this. [6] Neutrinos and their weird subatomic ways could help us understand highenergy particles, exploding stars and the origins of matter itself. [5]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[5] viXra:1903.0118 [pdf] replaced on 2019-03-08 06:34:28

A New Study on Unification of Electromagnetic Field and Gravitational Field

Authors: Ho Dong Jo, Chol Song Kim
Comments: 60 Pages.

We specified the difficulties of Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory and Einstein’s gravitational theory in detail, established a new unified theory of field including consistent electromagnetic theory and gravitational theory on the basis of new starting postulates, and applied these theoretical methods to quantum electrodynamics. We accepted a new geometrical space in which metric tensor and all main physical functions becomes implicit function, called “KR space” conforming to our starting postulates, and normalization of implicit functions in order to connect all physical functions defined in this space with real world, experimental measures. As a result, we naturally unraveled problem of radiation reaction, a historical difficult problem of Maxwell-Lorentz electromagnetic theory, built new quantum electrodynamics without renormalization procedure and also predicted some new theoretical consequences which could not find in traditional theories.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[4] viXra:1903.0114 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-06 07:40:52

Positronium Atoms Antimatter Gravity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 30 Pages.

Positronium atoms, which consist of an electron and a positron, are one type of antimatter atoms being considered to test whether antimatter falls at the same rate as matter in Earth's gravitational field. [26] Two new experiments at CERN, ALPHA-g and GBAR, have now started their journey towards answering this question. [25]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[3] viXra:1903.0080 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-06 03:03:18

CERN Hunt for Dark Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 50 Pages.

Europe's physics lab CERN on Tuesday said it was planning a new experiment to look for particles associated with dark matter which is believed to make up some 27 percent of the universe. [30] In a recent study, the CMS collaboration describes how it has sifted through data from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to try and spot dark quarks. [29]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[2] viXra:1903.0041 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-02 06:48:17

LHC Computing Limits

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 46 Pages.

During this run, from 2015 to 2018, LHC experiments produced unprecedented volumes of data with the machine's performance exceeding all expectations. [31] The proposal envisages a new 100km circumference tunnel that would be bored through the Earth, encircling the city of Geneva and the surrounding countryside. [30] On Wednesday, 25 July, for the very first time, operators injected not just atomic nuclei but lead "atoms" containing a single electron into the LHC. [29]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics

[1] viXra:1903.0020 [pdf] submitted on 2019-03-01 11:22:47

Trap for Positrons

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 78 Pages.

For the first time, scientists from the Technical University of Munich (TUM) and the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP) have succeeded in losslessly guiding positrons, the antiparticles of electrons, into a magnetic field trap. [42] Plasma particle accelerators more powerful than existing machines could help probe some of the outstanding mysteries of our universe, as well as make leaps forward in cancer treatment and security scanning—all in a package that's around a thousandth of the size of current accelerators. [41]
Category: High Energy Particle Physics