Nuclear and Atomic Physics

1810 Submissions

[8] viXra:1810.0496 [pdf] submitted on 2018-10-31 06:51:51

Microworld_41. Unsolved Problems of Physics_ 1

Authors: N.N.Leonov
Comments: 19 Pages. English and russian texts

This paper identifies the substantial nature of microworld wave-corpuscle duality and sets out fundamental differences between the microworld and macroworld wave-corpuscle duality. It has been found that magnetic field around a current conductor is induced by the motion of electrical charge carriers own magnetic fields rather than by the motion of electrical charges itself. There has been the generation mechanism of Lorentz forces applied to electrons moving across the external magnetic field lines identified. It has been found that electrons and neutrons have tornadic ethereal structures which stability is due to magnetic interactions.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[7] viXra:1810.0456 [pdf] submitted on 2018-10-27 15:02:10

Thomas Precession is the Basis for the Structure of Matter and Space

Authors: Preston Guynn
Comments: 27 Pages.

Einstein's theory of special relativity was incomplete as originally formulated since it did not include the rotational effect described twenty years later by Thomas, now referred to as Thomas precession. Though Thomas precession has been accepted for decades, its relationship to particle structure is a recent discovery, first described in an article titled "Electromagnetic effects and structure of particles due to special relativity". Thomas precession acts as a velocity dependent counter-rotation, so that at a rotation velocity of (Sqr(3)/2) c, precession is equal to rotation, resulting in an inertial frame of reference. During the last year and a half significant progress was made in determining further details of the role of Thomas precession in particle structure, fundamental constants, and the galactic rotation velocity. In this article, these discoveries are described and proofs are provided, with results matching experimentally determined values to between eight and thirteen significant digits. Among the discoveries described and proven herein are 1) the observed galactic rotation velocity and elementary particle spin interact due to Thomas precession, 2) the basis for Planck's constant and quantized energy levels is Thomas precession, 3) the fine structure constant is a function of galactic rotation velocity and the maximum value of rotation velocity minus precession velocity. Also discovered and proven is that, due to the inertial frame of reference resulting from Thomas precession, distance and time, with units meters and seconds, within three dimensional space are sufficient to describe the structure of particles and their interactions. Einstein showed that energy is dependent on frame of reference with his equation E =g mc2, and he formulated E = mc2 as rest energy. Proven herein is that particle mass and rest energy are functions of rotational velocity due to Thomas precession. These far reaching discoveries are all interrelated, and based in Thomas precession. The theory, models, and equations give results that match experimental data to very high precision.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[6] viXra:1810.0445 [pdf] submitted on 2018-10-26 14:59:39

Inertial Impulse Electric Thermonuclear Reactor and Method of It.

Authors: Alexander Bolonkin
Comments: 15 Pages.

The author offers the new small reactor and method for getting a nuclear energy. Main idea is getting a high temperature by new high intensity opposed electric field and two opposed collision jets. Reactor has many innovations and can easy to get the high ignition temperature up 30 keV (350 million K), has enough fuel density (~6×1028 1/m3) and conformation (10-6 sec) without the cryogenic, laser or magnetic systems. Author invited a new method for heating of plasma by a direct electric currency, not using laser and laser compressing or heating X-ray or particles beam, not using magnetic field for plasma conformation. No cryogenic temperature. Reactor has Lawson criterion in hundreds of times more than need. The fuel may be liquid, sold, chemical elements and their measures or a compressed gas into ampule. Reactor can work on cheap D+D nuclear fuel (1 gram of deuterium cost only 1$), is very cheap and has a small installation. Author offered the ideas how to easy convert nuclear energy into mechanical energy, electricity, rocket thrust and some chemical elements into the need elements. The main test (getting the thermonuclear reaction) costs only some ten thousand dollars. If test will be successful, we can immediately design the engines for ships, trains, submarines, electric stations, propulsions for rockets and so on. The method for getting thermonuclear energy comprising the following steps: using the reactor for getting energy; making the special fuel capsule; placing the capsule into said reactor camera with the automatic delivery system; connecting the capsule to said source energy; charging the energy source a need energy; switching the energy source to the capsule; quick heating said fuel capsule up an ignition thermo-nuclear temperature by direct electric currency the need voltage, power and ignition energy; producing thermonuclear energy; cooling the reactor to acceptable temperature by injecting a cooling agent; using of thermonuclear energy. The author has reached and developed the theory of such reactors, made a lot of computations. Invention has a lot of features. He recommends contacting him for details and computations, . 13 Claims, 5 Figures.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[5] viXra:1810.0340 [pdf] submitted on 2018-10-22 03:16:12

Challenging the Orbital Model of the Atom

Authors: David Lindsay Johnson
Comments: Pages.

The Conventional Science approach to atomic structure, as represented by the Standard Model and Quantum Physics, is based upon the orbital model for the atom: viz. a positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons moving in ‘spdf’ orbitals as spinning particles and/or waves as embodied in Dirac’s wave equation. Although the orbital model has been transformed from Bohr model into its current stochastic quantum form, the orbital concept has not been seriously challenged since Thompson’s nebular and plum pudding models were put aside in deference to Rutherford’s nuclear model in the early 1900’s; and yet ever since it has underpinned the thrust of Physics research and theory. The approach taken by this paper has been to consider how concentrations of energy could combine to form quarks, nucleons and atoms. The resulting model strongly correlates the atomic structure of elements in the Periodic Table to their physical and chemical characteristics. It also provides an explanation for different allotropic forms of elements and their various bonding geometries as well as for phenomena that the orbital model fails to explain such as beta decay, electron capture, electron-positron annihilation and the ionization process during plasma formation. Peripheral topics such as EMR, electricity and Gravity are also addressed (see the appendices) to add depth to the challenge. ‘Challenging the orbital model of the atom’ is not a critique of the orbital model, highlighting its discrepancies and problems: instead it explores the possibilities of an alternative model, which, due to its energy-centric emphasis, has been dubbed ‘Energy to Matter’ (or E2M). E2M provides pragmatic, logically consistent explanations of physical phenomena and challenges the unquestioning pursuit of a problematic, complex and possibly flawed orbital model.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[4] viXra:1810.0269 [pdf] replaced on 2018-10-18 20:32:07

Head-On Colliding Plasma Fusion - A Proposed Workable Hydrogen Fusion Generator

Authors: Timothy J Walshaw
Comments: 16 Pages. I am just replacing the last words in the abstract '...or as a weapon.' These words will upset many people, and the device was not devized as a weapon.

Abstract This paper describes a novel method of achieving practical hydrogen fusion. What is proposed is that two plasma streams of hydrogen having a high density and a large cross-section are fired at each other, head-on, at a high speed. At a certain point, nuclear fusion will occur. The design of this device allows extraction and utilisation of the heat produced. When protons collide at a sufficient velocity, with the required high plasma density and large plasma cross-section, some of the protons fuse into helium nuclei, generating heat. If the plasma density and cross-section are large enough, the required velocity can be relatively low and is technically feasible. The so-called Lawson Criterion describes this trade-off. The Maxwell-Boltzmann tail effect combined with the Quantum Mechanical tunnelling effect reduces the required velocity further to an achievable level. These plasma streams are accelerated to high relative velocities by a novel plasma acceleration device, also described in this article. This device also allows the stream of plasma to have a high enough density and cross-section, so that the required relative velocity of the plasma can be relatively low. The device consists of two plasma accelerators firing plasma at each other. Each of the accelerators consist of a tube surrounded by a large number of individual electro-magnetic coils, each connected to a power supply. The electro-magnetic field of each coil is varied so that a magnetic ‘pocket’ is created. Each pocket holds a packet of plasma. The magnetic fields of the coils are varied so that each pocket is accelerated up the tube to a high velocity, carrying the packet of plasma with it. These packets of plasma are ejected out of the tubes and fired head-on at each other. If these plasma packets are of sufficiently high relative velocity, density and cross-section, hydrogen fusion will occur. Plasma fusion can be generated continuously using this device. The heat generated can be utilised by injecting water into the location where fusion occurs, and the resultant steam generated can be used to generate electricity. A single plasma accelerator can be used to accelerate plasma to a high velocity for a variety of purposes such as propelling a space ship.
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[3] viXra:1810.0136 [pdf] submitted on 2018-10-10 01:52:00

Electron Gun Reveal Atomic Motion

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 48 Pages.

One of the most enduring "Holy Grail" experiments in science has been attempts to directly observe atomic motions during structural changes. [33] Faster and more compact memory storage devices will become a reality when physicists gain precise control of the spins of electrons. [32] UCLA biologists report they have transferred a memory from one marine snail to another, creating an artificial memory, by injecting RNA from one to another. [31] Scientists at the Wellcome Trust/ Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, have identified a new type of stem cell in the brain which they say has a high potential for repair following brain injury or disease. [30] A team of researchers working at the Weizmann Institute of Science has found that organoids can be used to better understand how the human brain wrinkles as it develops. [29] A team of biologists has found an unexpected source for the brain's development, a finding that offers new insights into the building of the nervous system. [28] Researchers discover both the structure of specific brain areas and memory are linked to genetic activity that also play important roles in immune system function. [27] The inner workings of the human brain have always been a subject of great interest. Unfortunately, it is fairly difficult to view brain structures or intricate tissues due to the fact that the skull is not transparent by design. [26] But now there is a technology that enables us to "read the mind" with growing accuracy: functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). [25] Advances in microscopy techniques have often triggered important discoveries in the field of neuroscience, enabling vital insights in understanding the brain and promising new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. [24]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[2] viXra:1810.0081 [pdf] submitted on 2018-10-05 07:08:22

Neutron Scan Magnetic Fields

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 39 Pages.

Tensorial neutron tomography promises new insights into superconductors, battery electrodes and other energy-related materials. [28] CERN's nuclear physics facility, ISOLDE, has minted a new coin in its impressive collection of isotopes. [27] In the case of several light nuclei, experimental confirmation of the individualism or family nature of nucleons will now be simpler, thanks to predictions presented by Polish physicists from Cracow and Kielce. [26] The identification of the magic number of six provides an avenue to investigate the origin of spin–orbit splittings in atomic nuclei. [25] Now, physicists are working toward getting their first CT scans of the inner workings of the nucleus. [24] The process of the sticking together of quarks, called hadronisation, is still poorly understood. [23] In experimental campaigns using the OMEGA EP laser at (MIT) researchers took radiographs of the shock front, similar to the X-ray radiology in hospitals with protons instead of X-rays. [22] Researchers generate proton beams using a combination of nanoparticles and laser light. [21] Devices based on light, rather than electrons, could revolutionize the speed and security of our future computers. However, one of the major challenges in today's physics is the design of photonic devices, able to transport and switch light through circuits in a stable way. [20] Researchers characterize the rotational jiggling of an optically levitated nanoparticle, showing how this motion could be cooled to its quantum ground state. [19] Researchers have created quantum states of light whose noise level has been " squeezed " to a record low. [18] An elliptical light beam in a nonlinear optical medium pumped by " twisted light " can rotate like an electron around a magnetic field. [17]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics

[1] viXra:1810.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2018-10-02 07:53:04

Mercury Isotopes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 38 Pages.

An unprecedented combination of experimental nuclear physics and theoretical and computational modelling techniques has been brought together to reveal the full extent of the odd-even shape staggering of exotic mercury isotopes, and explain how it happens. [28] Protons in neutron-rich nuclei have a higher average energy than previously thought, according to a new analysis of electron scattering data that was first collected in 2004. [27] Physics textbooks might have to be updated now that an international research team has found evidence of an unexpected transition in the structure of atomic nuclei. [26] The group led by Fabrizio Carbone at EPFL and international colleagues have used ultrafast transmission electron microscopy to take attosecond energy-momentum resolved snapshots (1 attosecond = 10-18 or quintillionths of a second) of a free-electron wave function. [25] Now, physicists are working toward getting their first CT scans of the inner workings of the nucleus. [24] The process of the sticking together of quarks, called hadronisation, is still poorly understood. [23] In experimental campaigns using the OMEGA EP laser at (MIT) researchers took radiographs of the shock front, similar to the X-ray radiology in hospitals with protons instead of X-rays. [22] Researchers generate proton beams using a combination of nanoparticles and laser light. [21] Devices based on light, rather than electrons, could revolutionize the speed and security of our future computers. However, one of the major challenges in today's physics is the design of photonic devices, able to transport and switch light through circuits in a stable way. [20] Researchers characterize the rotational jiggling of an optically levitated nanoparticle, showing how this motion could be cooled to its quantum ground state. [19] Researchers have created quantum states of light whose noise level has been " squeezed " to a record low. [18] An elliptical light beam in a nonlinear optical medium pumped by " twisted light " can rotate like an electron around a magnetic field. [17]
Category: Nuclear and Atomic Physics