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Any replacements are listed further down
[536] viXra:1202.0013 [pdf] submitted on 2012-02-04 14:34:50
Authors: Jesus Gonzalez Llorente
Comments: 4 Pages.
A Simple idea stating that the fact of light being a constant does not imply the denial of Classical Mechanics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[535] viXra:1202.0012 [pdf] submitted on 2012-02-05 00:39:35
Authors: Bertrand Wong
Comments: 2 Pages. This paper attempts to stimulate thought on an apparently seldom talked about but nevertheless important subject and points out the potential danger from outer space.
A number of points are brought up below for pondering and possible discussion. We should not regard our physics as the one and only reality. What is described below may seem like science fiction, but should not be brushed off as inconsequential.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[534] viXra:1202.0009 [pdf] submitted on 2012-02-03 02:11:00
Authors: Armando V.D.B. Assis
Comments: 1 page. English.
In my papers \cite{Assis1} and \cite{Assis2}, I obtain a Cold Big Bang Cosmology, fitting the cosmological data, with an absolute zero primordial temperature, a natural cutoff for the cosmological data to a vanishingly small entropy at a singular microstate of a comoving domain of the cosmological fluid. Now, in this brief paper, we show the energy density of the $t$-sliced universe must actually be the critical one, following as consequence of the solution in \cite{Assis1} and \cite{Assis2}.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[533] viXra:1202.0008 [pdf] submitted on 2012-02-02 11:27:40
Authors: U .V . S. Seshavatharam, S. Lakshminarayana
Comments: 11 Pages.
It seems that- Bohr radius of hydrogen atom, quanta of the angular momentum and the strong interaction range - are connected with the large scale structure of the massive universe. In the accelerating universe, as the space expands, in hydrogen atom, distance between proton and electron increases and is directly proportional to the mass of the universe (which is the product of critical density and the Hubble volume). `Rate of decrease in fine structure ratio' is a measure of cosmic rate of expansion. Considering the integral nature of number of protons (of any nucleus), integral nature of `hbar' can be understood.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[532] viXra:1202.0004 [pdf] submitted on 2012-02-02 04:24:00
Authors: Mohammad Shafiq Khan
Comments: 2 Pages.
The article ‘On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies’ by Albert Einstein (1905) is based on trickeries. The Voigt transformation was simply a mathematical possibility which was changed by Lorentz by introducing the Lorentz factor but the Lorentz factor is not real; has been shown in the article Mohammad Shafiq Khan (2012). Thus nature and forces in nature were trivialized and made subservient to mathematics in the theories of relativity, Big Bang Theory, Space-time concept and in all physical sciences which are directly or indirectly based on the ‘On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies’. It is unfortunate for humanity that exposing these trickeries took more than one hundred years.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[531] viXra:1202.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2012-02-02 01:03:25
Authors: Jack Sarfatti
Comments: 3 Pages.
The cosmic microwave background black body radiation consists of retarded photons from the surface of last scattering remnant of the hot Big Bang. In contrast, the dark energy accelerating our observable universe is back-from-the-future advanced Wheeler-Feynman Hawking-Unruh black body radiation from our observer-dependent future event horizon that may also be the hologram screen.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[530] viXra:1201.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-31 12:40:04
Authors: Glenn A. Baxter
Comments: 16 Pages.
We explore, in depth, Dr. Einstein’s Special Relativity and cite noted physicists Daniel Gezari, Reginald Cahill, Danielle Sasso, Rodney Bartlett, and Johannes Valks.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[529] viXra:1201.0126 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-31 00:01:40
Authors: Matti Pitkänen
Comments: 11 Pages.
The history of the modern measurements of absolute motion has a long - more than century beginning from Michelson-Morley 1887. The earliest measurements assumed aether hypothesis. Cahill identifies the velocity as a velocity with respect to some preferred rest frame and uses relativistic kinematics although he misleadingly uses the terms absolute velocity and aether. The preferred frame could galaxy, or the system defining rest system in cosmology. It would be easy to dismiss this kind of experiments as attempts to return to the days before Einstein but this is not the case. It might be possible to gain unexpected information by this kind of measurements. Already the analysis of CMB spectrum demonstrated that Earth is not at rest in the Robertson-Walker coordinate system used to analysis CMB data and similar motion with respect to galaxy is quite possible and might serve as a rich source of information also in GRT based theory. In TGD framework the situation is especially interesting since sub-manifold gravity implies that maximal signal velocity depends on the space-time sheet and this effect might show itself in Mickelson-Morley type experiments. Also the motion of space-time sheets with respect to each other might be detectable.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[528] viXra:1201.0124 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-31 00:07:44
Authors: Matti Pitkänen
Comments: 8 Pages.
The comparison of TGD with inflationary cosmology combined with new results about TGD inspired cosmology provides fresh insights to the relationship of TGD and standard approach and shows how TGD cures the lethal diseases of the eternal inflation. Very roughly: the replacement of the energy of the scalar field with magnetic energy replaces eternal inflation with a fractal quantum critical cosmology allowing to see more sharply the TGD counterpart of inflation and accelerating expansion as special cases of criticality. The rapid expansion periods correspond to phase transitions increasing the value of Planck constant and increasing the radius of magnetic flux tubes. This liberates magnetic energy and gives rise to radiation in turn giving rise to radiation and matter in the recent Universe just like the energy of inflaton field would give rise to radiation at the end of the inflation period in cosmic inflation.
The multiverse of inflationary scenarios is replaced with the many-sheeted space-time and one can say that the laws of physics are essentially same everywhere in the sense that the fundamental symmetries are the symmetries of standard model everywhere.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[527] viXra:1201.0115 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-28 19:50:22
Authors: Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 92 Pages.
In this book we present the hypothesis that there is no speed barrier in the
universe - thus refuting the speed of light postulate.
While Einstein considered a relative space and relative time but the ultimate speed
of light, we do the opposite: we consider an absolute time and absolute space but no
ultimate speed, and we call it the Absolute Theory of Relativity (ATR).
We then parameterize Einstein’s thought experiment with atomic clocks,
supposing that we know neither if the space and time are relative or absolute, nor if the
speed of light is ultimate speed or not. We obtain a Parameterized Special Theory of
Relativity (PSTR). Our PSTR generalizes not only Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity,
but also our ATR, and introduces three more possible Relativities to be studied in the
future.
Afterwards, we extend our research considering not only constant velocities but
constant accelerations too.
Eventually we propose a Noninertial Multirelativity for the same thought experiment, i.e. considering non-constant accelerations and arbitrary 3D-curves.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[526] viXra:1201.0114 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-29 02:33:15
Authors: Rodney Bartlett
Comments: 2 Pages.
The recent European experiment in which neutrinos apparently travel faster than light does not violate general relativity. However, the explanation of this phenomenon lies in another experiment (the latter being in electrical engineering in 2009).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[525] viXra:1201.0113 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-28 07:46:58
Authors: Manfred Buth
Comments: 3 Pages.
Different from the various approaches towards a quantum theory of gravity an attempt is made to develop a gauge theory of gravitation. For this purpose first of all a model is constructed with the gauge group GLN(4,R) x U(1) and with interaction between the matter field, the gravitational field, and the electromagnetic field.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[524] viXra:1201.0111 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-27 13:07:45
Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 2 Pages. perhaps my most important article to date
A brief overview of science and the politics of science, a 'quantum realism' accurate view of space and time, minimal attributes of space and time, a 'novel' view of time attributed to P.Y. Ulianov, and implications.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[523] viXra:1201.0109 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-27 10:57:02
Authors: Policarpo Yōshin Ulianov
Comments: 171 Pages. The text of the book is in Portuguese.
This book presents a model named Ulianov Theory (UT) that creates a fictional universe in a "slow" process named “Small Bang”.
The UT is based on three basic concepts:
a) General Octo-Dimension Universe (GODU) - Space/time of eight dimensions where four of them are “normal dimensions” and four are “wraps dimensions”, and the time is a complex variable. The GODU also can be represented like for sub-spaces (each one whit three space dimensions and one complex time dimension) separated from each other by “time walls” and “space walls”.
b) Sphere Ulianov (Usphere) - Eight dimension spheres placed in GODU that held together to form special networks.
c) Hole Ulianov (Uhole) – The Uhole is an Usphere with zero radius and behaves as an elastic hole. One Uhole in a “time wall” have a mass propriety and “resist” to move in space. One Uhole in a “space wall” have a electrical charge propriety and “resist” to move in time.
The Small Bang begin whit one Uhole compressed by a radial force field (General Octo-Dimension Hole Force or GODHF). When the GODHF is removed, the Uhole expand and form one Usphere. Like the Usphere “wall” is made of Uholes, it’s also expand forming a Ulianov SpereNetworks (USN).
Like the USN initially expands only in imaginary time, to an observer in real time the “Small Bang Process” is instantaneous and will look like a Big Bang .
The UT model is defined over a complete scope, were the concepts of, force (Ulianov Force) and energy (Ulianov Energy) are defined from the Uhole elasticity propriety.
Based on these concepts the UT generated a fictional universe that begins in a Small Bang, from which arise particles similar to photons (Ulianov foton) electrons (Ulianov electron), protons (Ulianov proton), neutrons (Ulianov neutron), and neutrinos (Ulianov neutrino).
The UT model does a series of equations who are linked to laws observed in our universe, as the formulas of Newton gravitation law and Einstein's relativistic equations.
On this way the author note that despite the UT model is set to create a universe fictional, coincidentally it’s generated one universe that is very close to the universe in which we live…
This book was written in 2005 and registered in the National Library of Brazil, on 10.05.2007, with registration number 404616, in Book 754, Page 276.
The text of the book is in Portuguese.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[522] viXra:1201.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-27 11:08:37
Authors: Bertrand Wong
Comments: 5 Pages. The paper contains some new points on the velocity of light and a conclusion based on the recent discovery of superluminary motion of quantum particles at CERN.
@@This paper touches on the subject of whether light really needs a medium, which is termed the luminiferous ether, for its transmission as is in the case of sound which requires a fluid such as air or liquid as the medium for its transmission, and the subject of the velocity of light.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[521] viXra:1201.0107 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-27 11:25:33
Authors: David Proffitt
Comments: 3 Pages.
Two problems exist for the physics of black holes defined for the static Schwarzschild solution to Einstein’s field equations: the incompatibility of having all infalling matter reside at a singular point with the axiomatic basis of quantum mechanics; and the black hole information paradox. This paper resolves these issues and calculates for the first time, the density distribution of matter inside the event horizon of a black hole.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[520] viXra:1201.0105 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-27 07:05:47
Authors: U .V . S. Seshavatharam, S. Lakshminarayana
Comments: 6 Pages. Strange relations can not be ignored.
It seems that- quanta of the angular momentum and the strong interaction range - both are connected with the large scale structure of the universe. In the expanding universe `quanta' increases with increasing mass of the universe. By any chance if the noticed empirical relation is found to be true and valid, `rate of decrease in fine structure ratio' is a measure of cosmic rate of expansion. Considering the integral nature of number of protons (of any nucleus), integral nature of `hbar' can be understood.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[519] viXra:1201.0102 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-25 13:31:19
Authors: Policarpo Yōshin Ulianov
Comments: 10 Pages.
This article describes some advantages arising from
the manipulation of time by means of a complex
variable and discusses the possibility of
calculating the extent of the imaginary dimension of
time.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[518] viXra:1201.0096 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-25 23:39:24
Authors: Rodney Bartlett
Comments: 7 Pages. viXra removed my superscripts. E=mc2 is, to use BASIC notation, E=mc^2. And E=m1+0 is E=m^1+0
Recently, scientists have been excited by the possibility of finding the Higgs particle and Higgs field, which is supposed to give all matter its mass. Fortunately, they’re also excited at the possibility of discovering the Higgs doesn’t exist. That could open the way for many new things in science – here I’ll attempt to describe some of these new things. There’s no Standard Model Higgs particle. You can call the following description a non-SM Higgs if you like. It has several consequences which I’ll also describe. Consequences for gravity, dark energy, the Weinberg/Glashow/Salam electroweak unification, Einstein’s Unified Field Theory … Addressing this last person, I’ll refer to submission 519 (http://vixra.org/abs/1201.0088 - “Exactly Where Dr. Einstein Went Wrong” by Glenn A. Baxter) in “Relativity and Cosmology” which refers to http://www.k1man.com/c1.pdf and the latter’s statement that “E=mc2 appears to be incorrect and also much too simplistic”. In the 4th and 5th paragraphs, I’ll suggest that the formula is not entirely mistaken but would be more correctly stated as E=m1+0 .
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[517] viXra:1201.0089 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-24 23:47:00
Authors: Rodney Bartlett
Comments: 6 pages in length; if a popularized introduction to my own work is desired, see reference #10
In 1957, Charles Misner and John Wheeler, in the “Annals of Physics”, claimed Albert Einstein’s latest equations demonstrated the unified field theory. It has been argued that the gravitational fields, if known everywhere but only for a limited time, do not contain enough information about their electromagnetism to allow the future to be determined, so Einstein's unified theory fails. Physicists also argue that a unified "theory of everything" must now include not just gravity
and electromagnetism, but also the weak and strong nuclear forces plus dark matter and dark energy. This article claims Misner and Wheeler were correct, and addresses all modern objections.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[516] viXra:1201.0088 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-24 09:24:36
Authors: Glenn A. Baxter
Comments: 4 Pages.
We show exactly where Dr. Einstein went wrong with Special Relativity by improperly crossing over from relativity physics to classic physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[515] viXra:1201.0087 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-23 06:30:16
Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 14 Pages. Submitted to the Int. J. Mod. Phys. A
It is rigorously shown how the static spherically symmetric solutions of Einstein's equations
can furnish a $null$ naked singularity associated with a point mass source at $ r = 0$.
The construction relies in the possibility of having a metric $discontinuity$ at the location of the point mass. This result should be contrasted with the spacelike singularity described by the textbook black hole solution. It has been argued by some authors why one cannot get any information from the null naked singularity so it will not have any undesirable physical effect to an outside far away observer and cannot cause a breakdown of predictability. In this way one may preserve the essence of the cosmic censorship hypothesis. The field equations due to a delta-function point-mass source at $ r = 0 $ are solved and the Euclidean gravitational action (in $ \hbar $ units) corresponding to those solutions
is evaluated explicitly. It is found that it is precisely equal to the black hole entropy (in Planck area units). This result holds in any dimensions $ D \ge 3 $. We finalize by arguing why the Noncommutative Gravity of the spacetime tangent (co-tangent) bundle is the proper arena to study point masses.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[514] viXra:1201.0085 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-22 22:35:07
Authors: Leonardo Rubino
Comments: 19 Pages.
Here is a comparison, in 14 points, between the modern prevailing physics of many universities and mine. The reader has the task to judge the comparison and decide.
The nowadays’ prevailing physics is proceeding with problems and inconsistencies with the density of the Universe, with its expansion, with the acceleration and with the visibile borders of the Universe itself, with strange interpretations of the CMBR, with the justification of the mysterious dark matter, with the fast spinning of galaxies, with the absence of a convincing unification between two very similar forces, the gravitational and the electromagnetic ones, then with the mysterious and unjustifiable fourth dimension of the relativity, then with the unexplained existence and constancy of the c speed limit, with the apparently complete extraneousness of the microscopic and macroscopic worlds, then with the impossibility to provide a convincing explanation for the dimension of a galaxy, then with lost energies, with the apparent missing of the antimatter in the Universe, with the inability to justify the appearing of the Universe etc.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[513] viXra:1201.0083 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-21 06:47:39
Authors: Albert Zotkin
Comments: 1 Page.
A complete Doppler formula for electromagnetic waves is presented here.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[512] viXra:1201.0082 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-21 02:35:53
Authors: S.N. Arteha
Comments: 223 Pages.
The present book is devoted to systematic criticism of the fundamentals
of the relativity theory (RT). The main attention is given to the new
logical contradictions of RT, since presence of such contradictions brings
”to zero” the value of any theory. Many disputable and contradictory
points of this theory and its corollaries are considered in detail in the
book. The lack of logical and physical grounding for fundamental concepts
in the special and general relativity theory, such as time, space,
the relativity of simultaneity etc., is demonstrated. A critical analysis of
experiments that resulted in the generation and establishment of relativity
theory is presented in the book. The detailed criticism of dynamical
SRT concepts is also given in the book. The inconsistency and groundlessness
in a seemingly ”working” section of the relativity theory – the
relativistic dynamics – is shown.
The given book can be of interest to students, post-graduates, teachers,
scientists and all mans, that independently meditate on fundamental
physical problems.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[511] viXra:1201.0081 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-20 15:02:26
Authors: Friedwardt Winterberg
Comments: 9 Pages.
It is shown that Einstein’s gravitational field equations imply the existence of negative masses. With the inclusion of negative masses, Dirac spinors can be composed of a large positive and likewise large negative mass. The gravitational interaction of these positive-negative masses is positive and leads to a helical motion and not to an unstable vacuum as claimed by Cavalleri and Tonni.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[510] viXra:1201.0080 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-21 02:05:03
Authors: V.N. Kochetkov
Comments: 68 Pages.
This article attempts to use the law of conservation of momentum of a
closed system for determining the values of the constants in the two possible
transformations of coordinates and times in inertial reference system
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[509] viXra:1201.0070 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-18 11:00:00
Authors: V.N. Kochetkov
Comments: 18 Pages.
In article attempt to show on a concrete example becomes that application of the special theory of relativity by consideration of movement of the closed mechanical system of bodies in inertial systems of readout can lead to that the impulse and kinetic energy of the closed system will be time functions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[508] viXra:1201.0069 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-17 12:15:33
Authors: V.N. Kochetkov
Comments: 16 Pages.
In article it is shown that use of laws of preservation of an impulse and energy of the closed mechanical system presumes to check up justice of the special theory of relativity theoretically.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[507] viXra:1201.0058 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-14 08:24:56
Authors: Stephan J.G. Gift
Comments: 12 Pages. Accepted for publication in Applied Physics Research
Ether drift resulting from the rotation of the Earth has been detected. This was accomplished using GPS technology in a modified Michelson-Morley experiment. The original Michelson-Morley experiment searched for ether drift by observing round-trip light travel time differences using interference fringe shifts. This method is limited by length contraction effects that significantly reduce any fringe shifts. In the modified approach elapsed time for one-way light transmission is directly determined using GPS clocks. The method yields travel time differences for light transmission in the East-West direction but not in the North-South direction consistent with rotationally-induced ether drift.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[506] viXra:1201.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-12 07:35:06
Authors: V. V. Demjanov
Comments: 13 Pages.
From the first-principles of the relativistic theory of Lorentz-invariant addition of the speed of light (c/n) with speed (υ) of moving optical medium having a refractive index n >1 in the natural way there becomes clear the cause of the kinetic anisotropy of the speed of light, registered for more than 100 years in experiments like the Michelson&Morley (MM) experiment by non-zero amplitudes (Am≠0) of the shift of interference fringe. Miller's measurement (1925) and my experiments (1968) showed (in my interpretation) that the cause of this anisotropy is always associated with the presence in the light carrying medium of polarizable particles translationally moving with respect to stationary aether. The anisotropy of refractive index n >1 of the light carrying medium is created by the electrodynamic connection between the polarization (Δε=n2–1) of its particles and polarization (εaether=1) of the aether. The absence of anisotropy of the speed of light in vacuum (in the aether without particles) is proved not by the disputed attribution of MM type experiments to "negative, Am=0", but rather by a recognition that they are non-negative. In this case, by the actual experimental dependence of Am(Δε)≠0 is easily proved the absence of anisotropy in vacuum in the asymptotic limit of the zero fringe shift Am(Δε→0)→0 at the beginning of the trend Am(Δε).
Accounting for the effects of polarization of light-carrying media, of the first order of "smallness" (n2–1)<<1 in the gases and the second order of magnitude (n2–1)2~1 in media of higher permittivity, plays a key role in the proposed relativistic interpretation of my measurements and all the famous experiments of MM type. Revising the calculations of υ from measurements of non-zero fringe shift (Am≠0), described by MM, 1887; Miller, 1925; Kennedy, 1926; Illingworth, 1927; Joos, 1930, and many others, I found their principal error. They did not take into account not only the relativistic structure (n2–1) of the polarization activity of particles of the luminiferous medium, but its real value n >1. As a result, they received the underestimated speed υ – units km/s.
Accounting for the relativistic structure of only the first (n2–1) of the order of "smallness" in the gases immediately reveals (for the same non-zero measurements Am≠0 of these authors) the real speed of "aether wind" υ as a few hundred km/s.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[505] viXra:1201.0056 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-12 10:06:46
Authors: K. Sandale
Comments: 14 Pages.
If one solves the electromagnetic wave equation in the Lorenz gauge for a charged particle moving with a uniform velocity, and then inserts this solution into the gauge condition, mathematically one gets the result that the current density must be the charge density times the velocity. Thus the field equations of electromagnetism through the gauge condition imply a correct velocity requirement for the current density four-vector, much like the field equations of General Relativity imply through the Bianchi Identities a correct acceleration requirement.
Likewise we can construct a velocity requirement for the stress-energy tensor from the gauge condition of the Linear Field Equations of gravitation. However, the correct velocity relationship will be implied only if the cosmological constant vanishes. Thus the cosmological constant must vanish.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[504] viXra:1201.0055 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-12 10:37:43
Authors: K. Sandale
Comments: 13 Pages.
The proof of Birkhoff's Theorem relies on a coordinate transformation to diagonalize the metric. This coordinate transformation is made to affect the vacuum region, but will nevertheless cause the matter in the non-vacuum region to have a different velocity in the new coordinate system than in the old coordinate system, because a coordinate transformation cannot be abruptly turned off where the two regions meet without violating the holonomy requirement. The effects of this coordinate transformation on the matter have never before been studied. In fact, the coordinate transformation turns out to cause part of a gravitationally collapsing mass distribution to at some point start to move backwards in time. This causes problems which invalidate the proof.
Furthermore, we provide an actual counterexample to Birkhoff’s Theorem: In the particular circumstance of a spherically symmetric thin shell of matter collapsing it is shown that the Bianchi Identities give results contrary to Birkhoff’s Theorem.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[503] viXra:1201.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-11 18:56:17
Authors: Vic Kley, John Celenza
Comments: 1 Page.
The recent measurements of the Casimir effect by Wilson, et al1 established the existence of a pervasive background of charged particles in what has been perceived as an empty Universe. As a result, photons moving through what we have hitherto taken as a vacuum will be slowed5, while neutrino speed will be unaffected. All our measurements of the propagation of light and its wavelength have not been been corrected for this slowing.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[502] viXra:1201.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-11 15:53:45
Authors: Friedwardt Winterberg
Comments: 10 Pages.
To explain Milgrom’s law (MOND) and the accelerated expansion of the universe, in both instances involving an acceleration of the same order of magnitude, it is assumed that the vacuum of space in a kind of plasma made up of an equal number of positive and negative mass Planck mass particles, gravitationally interacting with each other. This hypothesis leads to positive mass Dirac spinors, as composed particles, made up of positive and negative quasiparticles of this plasma. The formation of the positive mass Dirac spinors is accompanied by the emission of negative masses. The gravitationally self interacting positive mass spinors lead to the formation of a filamentary vortex tangle connecting neighboring galaxies with the galaxies formed by the Jeans instability of a cylindrical mass cylinder. This hypothesis not only explains the filamentary structure of the metagalaxy, but also Milgrom’s law by Newton’s gravitational force of a mass cylinder. The negative masses released during the formation of the positive mass Dirac spinors fill the space in between the positive mass filaments, explaining the observed voids.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[501] viXra:1201.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-11 04:36:26
Authors: Alfredo Dimas Moreira Garcia
Comments: 96 Pages. 96
ABSTRACT
The Special Theory of Relativity takes us to two results that presently are considered “inexplicable” to many renowned scientists, to know:
-The dilatation of time, and
-The contraction of the Lorentz Length.
The solution to these have driven the author to the development of the Undulating Relativity (UR) theory, where the Temporal variation is due to the differences on the route of the light propagation and the lengths are constants between two landmarks in uniform relative movement
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[500] viXra:1201.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-10 12:12:20
Authors: Glenn A. Baxter
Comments: 8 Pages. None
We identify exactly where Special Relativity went wrong in 1905 and present a practical modern day and easily reproducible experiment to exactly verify the newly developed Special Relativity mathematical equations presented here.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[499] viXra:1201.0022 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-07 00:38:18
Authors: Mohammad Shafiq Khan
Comments: 30 Pages. Space-time concept is shown to be based on trickery
The postulate of constancy of velocity of light irrespective of relative uniform motion of the source and the observer introduced by Albert Einstein in the article ‘On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies’ Albert Einstein (1905a) is absolutely consistent with the physical and experimental observations. The other postulate of ‘laws by which physical systems undergo change are not affected when referred to different inertial reference frames’ is in contradiction with all the derivations in the article. Since the change in any physical system; due to whatever reason; could be mainly in reference to the space and time of that physical system; whereas article derives that space and time of any physical system would be different in different inertial reference frames. This article will establish theoretically as well as experimentally that the concept of length contraction in the direction of motion, as proposed by Lorentz & FitzGerald to explain Michelson–Morley experiment is fundamentally incorrect. Consequently the concept of exchangeability of mass and energy as proposed by Einstein in the article ‘Does the Inertial of the Body Depend upon its Energy Content’ Albert Einstein (1905b) fails conceptually, theoretically as well as experimentally. The theoretical and experimental evidences against the concept of contraction of space in the direction of motion leads to the failure of space – time concept and every theory and concept associated with it. The obvious conclusions are space is finite & absolute, time is relative & emergent, matter is emergent and radiation is the electromagnetic work capacity dissipated by the matter which propagates in the medium of ether as a wave motion. Consequent upon these experimental and theoretical evidences this unique state of existence of the physical universe emerges which has been partly described in the article ‘Foundation of Theory of Everything; Non-living Things & Living Things’ Mohammad Shafiq Khan (2010b). This article discusses in detail the experimental evidences of the coordinate transformation between two coordinates system in uniform motion derived in Mohammad Shafiq Khan (2010b); which in turn shows that Lorentz transformation which Einstein physically interpreted in the article Albert Einstein (1905a) is fundamentally incorrect. Consequently the physics which evolved in twentieth century is shown to be incorrect including the formulae E=mc2 and mv=m0/(1-v2/c2)1/2 .The final conclusion is that space is finite & absolute and accordingly the Big Bang Theory is established to be baseless.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[498] viXra:1201.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-07 00:53:01
Authors: Mohammad Shafiq Khan
Comments: 27 Pages. Historical article
For the first time in the human & scientific history the concepts of absolute space, emergent & relative time and aether or ether of classical physics (dark energy of modern physics now named as Luminiferous Energy) have been conceived simultaneously. The mystery of the above three concepts existed in the electromagnetic radiation or light as the phenomenon of electromagnetic radiations was not understood correctly resultantly the true nature of everything remained unknown to the mankind. A theistic Foundation of Theory of Everything: Non-living Things and Living Things is being proposed on purely scientific basis which would explain the yet unexplained concerns of human beings. The existence of ether is shown beyond any reasonable doubt and the electromagnetic properties of this medium have been defined. The mass, as we know it, is shown to be the manifestation of the energy; which constitutes the matter; due to the existence of ether resultantly the formula has been shown to be incorrect. The correct coordinate transformation instead of Galilean and Lorentz transformations has been derived. The very concept of space-time has been shown to be a mathematical misrepresentation. A unified theory of forces in nature has been proposed. The theistic Foundation of Theory of Everything also envisages the theory for living things with primary concern of the life of human beings. The characteristics of the ‘soul’ energy has been defined; besides proposal has been put forward regarding the characteristics of the ‘energies’ which being the source of life in all plants and animals. This article is in continuation of the author’s previous works (Mohammad Shafiq Khan, 2010a, b, c) [9] [10] [11].
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[497] viXra:1201.0020 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-07 01:35:02
Authors: Mohammad Shafiq Khan
Comments: 11 Pages. Historical article
A thorough review of the Michelson–Morley experiment reveals that the experiment had been not only misinterpreted but also misconceived. Under the theory & methodology adopted by Michelson & Morley the reasons of misconception and misinterpretation have been found to be: 1. Doppler Effect of light was not taken into account and 2. The motion of the solar system was not also taken into account. Since this experiment formed the basis of misinterpretation of absence of luminiferous ether in the space and as the consequence of absence of luminiferous ether the concept of length contraction in the direction of motion, theories of relativity, space–time concept and big bang theory were adopted. The basis of all these theories and concepts is challenged. The present article is the detailed and corrected version of the article ‘Ultimate Proof of Energy Theory of Matter & Cosmology’ Mohammad Shafiq Khan (2010a) necessitated by the article ‘Foundation of Theory of Everything; Non-living & Living Things’ Mohammad Shafiq Khan (2010b). This article finally explains the Michelson-Morley experiment.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[496] viXra:1201.0019 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-07 01:41:40
Authors: Mohammad Shafiq Khan
Comments: 5 Pages. New Theory of Cosmology
A new theory ‘Energy Theory of Matter and Cosmology’, as an alternative theory, is proposed which could explain all the problems with different theories of physics; the main cause of which are the theories of relativity and resultantly the Big Bang Theory fails. Since it is established that the basic building substance of matter is energy and it has to be under the influence of a scalar force field this energy is converted into the matter. The scalar force field originated from the universal creator and with the initiation of the scalar force field energy, of which the matter is made up of, was converted into matter. During the process of conversion of energy into the particles, the particles attained high energies and collisions of the particles started. These particles in the process of fusion emit radiation which finally takes the form of cosmic background radiation and under the influence of said scalar force field, weak nuclear force; strong nuclear force and electromagnetic forces the atoms started forming. Then these atoms under the influence of gravitational force started clustering and thereby planets, stars and other astronomical bodies came into existence.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[495] viXra:1201.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-06 11:43:58
Authors: Paul Hoiland
Comments: 3 Pages.
A short rethink on the whole C as a constant issue.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[494] viXra:1201.0015 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-05 12:35:57
Authors: Paul Hoiland
Comments: 5 Pages.
In considering the multiverse idea one comes across the subject of the domain wall that seperates our cosmos from that original false vacuum domain. In general that domain and the wall itself effects the evolution of the cosmos.
But very few direct signatures would result.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[493] viXra:1201.0009 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-03 10:39:44
Authors: Daniele Sasso
Comments: 5 Pages.
The gravitational theory is the most accredited theory for explaining black holes. In this paper we present a new interpretation based on the relativistic theory that explains black holes as a consequence of the relativistic speed of departure between the speed of celestial system and the speed of both light and quantum rays at very high energy, calculated with respect to the observer.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[492] viXra:1201.0004 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-01 21:15:58
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 3 Pages.
Brain Schmidt is a joint Nobel Prize winner for Physics in 2011. He is an astronomer at the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia, at the time of writing. He and his colleagues claim a black hole close binary system in Nova Scorpii. This Open Letter challenges the alleged black hole.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[491] viXra:1112.0093 [pdf] submitted on 2011-12-31 06:37:28
Authors: Leonardo Rubino
Comments: 9 Pages.
In this paper you will find ten examples of numerical coincidences among the physical quantities of the universe.
Unfortunately, you will unlikely find them somewhere else, as most of them are here presented in an environment which is hostile to the prevailing cosmology, made of an unjustifiable (thick, dark, transparent, heavy and invisible!!!) dark matter, of unacceptable theoretical densities of the universe and unacceptable rotation speeds on galaxies.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[490] viXra:1112.0085 [pdf] submitted on 2011-12-29 23:32:06
Authors: Leonardo Rubino
Comments: 86 Pages.
In this paper you can find a complete treatise on the General Theory of Relativity, starting from the basic geometry, through the Einstein's field equations, to the calculation of the deflection of light by the Sun and of the precession of the perihelion of planets.
Moreover, as appendixes, you will also find the Restricted Theory of Relativity and an explanation on how I see the Gravity (coming from) the Electromagnetism!
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[489] viXra:1112.0082 [pdf] submitted on 2011-12-29 01:58:22
Authors: Leonardo Rubino
Comments: 15 Pages.
The mysterious dark matter is a totally unknown and unjustifiable object which has been
introduced to make theoretical and measured data match. The fourth dimension in the Theory of Relativity
has no support from the real Universe.
The fourth axis introduced in relativity through the 4-vectorial formulation of the quantities is just the falling axis of the matter towards the center of mass of the Universe, with speed c! And this axis is, of course, located in the 3-dimensional context of the Universe itself.
Moreover, forget the tens of dimensions, rolled up over themselves, coming from the String Theory!
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[488] viXra:1112.0063 [pdf] submitted on 2011-12-20 03:35:30
Authors: Emil Gigov
Comments: 10 Pages.
In the Nature exist countless facts, whereas only thing backing relativity is the hypothesis, that the speed of light is invariant universal constant. However this hypothesis is meaningless, because it is clear that there exist superluminal velocities and absolute quantities. In this case, the Theory of relativity is arbitrary and wrong. This has been mentioned by many true scientists, such as Rutherford, Soddy, Michelson, Sagnac, Lenard, Larmor, McMillan, Tesla, Tsiolkovsky and others, unlike the modern physics. As regards so-called relativistic proofs, they are mostly imaginary and hidden. For example, black holes are hidden under a layer of luminous atmosphere, gravitational lens is hidden in the atmospheric lens, gravitational redshift of a star is hidden in the Compton effect, mass of an electron is hidden in the mass of the beam, Lorentz contraction is hidden in stellar aberrational contraction etc. Also, the relativistic navigational system GPS, actually works in accordance with classical physics, because there is a privileged coordinate system, as well as disturbances in data, which are being corrected permanently by ground control stations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[487] viXra:1112.0061 [pdf] submitted on 2011-12-19 23:48:22
Authors: R G Kulkarni
Comments: 16 Pages.
Equivalence of mass and energy relation can be proved by Newtonian mechanics. The law of conservation of energy necessitates to assume that when the body moves increase in mass of the body is real so total energy of the body measured by all observers is same irrespective of their state of motion. Second postulate of theory of relativity can be proved. But theory of relativity is not correct. Mass and time are absolute quantities. This also indicates that nature has upper limit for velocity and absolute frame of reference exists.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[486] viXra:1112.0060 [pdf] submitted on 2011-12-19 09:31:38
Authors: Robert L. Oldershaw
Comments: 11 Pages. First draft; Goal is to stimulate discussion
Arguments are presented for the contention that a new fractal cosmological paradigm is on the verge of replacing the previous standard paradigm of physics. The old and new paradigms are compared and contrasted.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[485] viXra:1112.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2011-12-16 01:35:32
Authors: Faycal Ben Adda
Comments: 15 Pages. 7 Figures
In this paper we build a counterexample that raises a fundamental distinction between recession movement of matter and space expansion.
We prove that observing matter recession at an accelerating rate is not an indication for the acceleration of the universe expansion. More precisely, we show that the observed acceleration in the recession movement of galaxies is naturally due to a universe deceleration. The counterexample provides us with a possible space with independent movement that might produce the observed behavior of galaxies registered for the redshift $z<0.5$ as well as for the redshift $z>0.5$. This counterexample calls into question the recent interpretation of the accelerating recession movement of galaxies as a sign of universe acceleration.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[484] viXra:1112.0041 [pdf] submitted on 2011-12-14 16:12:39
Authors: Jack Sarfatti
Comments: 4 Pages.
The dark energy accelerating our observable patch of the multiverse is Wheeler-Feynman Hawking-Unruh black body radiation back from our future de Sitter cosmological horizon. This horizon is also a hologram computer along the lines suggested by Seth Lloyd at MIT. The Stefan-Boltzmann-Planck blackbody radiation law is that the energy density ~ T^4, therefore, as expected, the advanced Wheeler-Feynman Hawking radiation density at the future horizon is the Planck value
hc/LP^4 and it is redshifted back from our future to us at hc/\/LP^2.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[483] viXra:1112.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2011-12-10 11:08:30
Authors: Paul Karl Hoiland
Comments: 9 Pages.
A closer look at tachyon decay engineered vacuum state changes via reheat and inflation and if they could lead to a micro warp bubble as proposed
by Fernando Loup and based upon the work of Glashow-Cohen and Gonzalez-Mestres.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[482] viXra:1112.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2011-12-07 11:39:14
Authors: Manfred Buth
Comments: 6 Pages.
It is shown that the gap between the theory of gravity and the gauge theories of standard model is not so great, as one might think. (a) The theory of gravity can equivalently be written as a theory with interaction between gravitation and matter, but without curvature of space. (b) The task of carrying out second quantization is not only dispensable for gravitation but also for quantum field theory in general. (c) A model for massive elementary particles is sketched on a qualitative level. In this model massive elementary particles can be considered as quantum field theorical counterparts of black holes. (d) Some proposals are made how to begin the search for a gauge theory of gravitation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[481] viXra:1112.0017 [pdf] submitted on 2011-12-06 07:49:24
Authors: Robert L. Oldershaw
Comments: 16 Pages. constructive comments welcome
A new cosmological paradigm based upon global discrete scale invariance proposes a radical revision in our understanding of atomic scale dynamics. The discrete self-similar scaling of this paradigm predicts a very large and discrete scale-dependence for gravitational coupling factors. This alternative gravitational scaling leads to revised values for the Planck mass, Planck length and Planck time, which appear to be more unified and physically comprehensible than is the case with the conventional Planck scale values. The fundamental interrelationship of the revised Planck mass, the corrected gravitational constant for atomic scale systems, the reduced Planck’s constant and the velocity of light suggests a hidden meaning for Planck’s constant. Within the context of the discrete fractal cosmological paradigm, Planck’s constant is revealed as the fundamental unit of gravitational action for atomic scale systems. Implications for atomic scale dynamics are briefly outlined.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[480] viXra:1112.0016 [pdf] submitted on 2011-12-06 07:56:18
Authors: Robert L. Oldershaw
Comments: 11 Pages. constructive comments welcome
A possible explanation is offered for the longstanding mystery surrounding the meaning of the fine structure constant. The reasoning is based on a discrete self-similar cosmological paradigm that has shown promise in explaining the general scaling properties of nature’s global hierarchy. The discrete scale invariance of the paradigm implies that “strong gravity” dominates the dynamical interactions within atomic scale systems. A new atomic scale gravitational coupling constant G(-1) is derived with a value of roughly 10^38 G(0) , where G(0) is the conventional Newtonian gravitational constant. G(-1) is then used to calculate a revised Planck scale. Given G(-1) and the revised Planck mass, one can demonstrate that within the context of the discrete self-similar paradigm the fine structure constant is the ratio of the strengths of the unit electromagnetic interaction and the unit gravitational interaction within atomic scale systems.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[479] viXra:1112.0015 [pdf] submitted on 2011-12-06 07:59:29
Authors: Robert L. Oldershaw
Comments: 13 Pages. constructive comments welcome
The theoretical vacuum energy density estimated on the basis of the standard model of particle physics and very general quantum assumptions is 59 to 123 orders of magnitude larger than the measured vacuum energy density for the observable universe which is determined on the basis of the standard model of cosmology and empirical data. This enormous disparity between the expectations of two of our most widely accepted theoretical frameworks demands a credible and self-consistent explanation, and yet even after decades of sporadic effort a generally accepted resolution of this crisis has not surfaced. Very recently, however, a discrete self-similar cosmological paradigm based on the fundamental principle of discrete scale invariance has been found to offer a rationale for reducing the vacuum energy density disparity by at least 115 orders of magnitude, and possibly to eliminate the vacuum energy density crisis entirely.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[478] viXra:1112.0012 [pdf] submitted on 2011-12-05 08:44:01
Authors: Paul Karl Hoiland
Comments: 2 Pages.
A relook at what is needed for the realization of breakthrough propulsion.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[477] viXra:1112.0011 [pdf] submitted on 2011-12-05 11:12:54
Authors: U.V.S.Seshavatharam
Comments: 9 Pages. Physics of Rotating and Expanding Black Hole Universe'', Progress in Physics, vol. 2, April, 2010, p. 7-14
The concept of `dark energy' is still facing and raising a number of fundamental unresolved problems. `Cosmic acceleration',`dark energy' and `inflation', are the results of Edwin Hubble's incomplete conclusions. If there is a misinterpretation in Hubble's law - flat model of cosmology can not be considered as a correct model of cosmology. If the primordial universe is a natural setting for the creation of black holes and other nonperturbative gravitational entities, it is also possible to assume that throughout its journey, the whole universe is a primordial cosmic black hole. Planck particle can be considered as the baby universe. Key assumption is that, ``at any time, cosmic black hole rotates with light speed''. Cosmic temperature is inversely proportional to the geometric mean of cosmic mass and planck mass. For this growing cosmic sphere as a whole, while in light speed rotation, `rate of decrease' in temperature is a ``primary'' measure of cosmic `rate of expansion'. It can be suggested that, `rate of increase in galaxy red shift' from and about the cosmic center is a ``secondary'' measure of cosmic `rate of expansion'. Present `cosmic mass density' and `cosmic time' are fitted with the natural logarithm of ratio of cosmic volume and planck particle's volume. If present CMBR temperature is isotropic at 2.725 ${}^{0}$Kelvin, present angular velocity is 2.17 x 10${}^{-18}$ rad/sec = 67 Km/sec/Mpc.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[476] viXra:1112.0010 [pdf] submitted on 3 Dec 2011
Authors: Subodh Vashist
Comments: 6 Pages.
Contradiction of `Principle of relativity' with the conclusions of Special Theory of Relativity(STR) that which
represent the physical phenomenons like Time Dilation of Muons, is well known, and supposedly can be nullified
by considering the `Time Dilation' due to General Relativity. Moreover, the nuclear decay rates from the family of
Muons(involving weak nuclear force), are apparently found to depend on the Earth-Sun distance and Solar activities
like Solar
ares, undoubtedly questions the absoluteness of the Time Dilation of the Muons. Whereas, STR is based on
the principle of constancy of speed of light for every inertial observer, present paper argues the possibility of constancy
of speed of light as a consequence of absence of ether. Utilising the relativistic nature of light proves that, speed of
light is not relatively invariant and vice-versa. While all the relativistic results are produced and explained, with `rate
of time' constant, including the Time Dilation of Muons and the correlations with the Earth-Sun distance and Solar
ares.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[475] viXra:1112.0008 [pdf] submitted on 2011-12-05 06:27:20
Authors: Sourish kumar Maitra
Comments: 14 Pages. A new look about holographic priciple and quantum randomness
General relativity and various possibilities about its proper combination with Quantum mechanics is a central topic in theoretical physics. In this article we explain various links which bridge between different views about Quantum Gravity theories. It turns out that these have very close relation with different interpretations about what quantization mean.We try to justify basic questions like what a string tension mean. First, we start with qualitative analysis and then we confirm these with quantitative results. These are shown to have relation with Quantum Gravity noise, Dark Energy, Hogan's noise and the Holographic principle. We clarify a long standing confusion in entropic Gravity, whether increase in entropy ($\triangle s$) makes the particle to move ($\triangle x$) or vice-versa. We indicate the possibility about non-local entanglement operation carried out by space-time which will increase entropy and a particle in space will move causing $\triangle x$. We relate noise with dissipation, much like a statistical system. In this context, we discuss the hierarchy issue. We try to see string as a natural consequence of intrinsic computation in space-time in planck scale. We clarify that although we talk about dissipative sub-quantum models, as quantization track only equivalence class (according to T'Hooft), it does not contradict with information conservations in quantum mechanics; equivalence class informations are conserved. We try to describe why we can attach entropy to an arbitrary spatial surface ( like a black hole horizon) and can derive Einstein's equation as the second law of thermodynamics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[474] viXra:1111.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2011-11-30 06:00:57
Authors: M. Hernando-Guevara
Comments: 28 Pages.
From the hypothesis of the validity of Newton's dynamics and space as a privileged reference frame, the null results of Michelson and Morley's type of experiments are experimentally reinterpreted and invalidated as a proof of the non existence of the Luminous Ether. Other recent experiments to test Special Relativity, such as Brillet-Hall’s, Cedarholm-Townes’, etc, are also epistemologically revisited and an alternative explanation of their null results is given. Finally, using two-beam interferometry techniques, two conclusive experiments to test the validity of the Special Theory of Relativity under this new perspective are proposed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[473] viXra:1111.0102 [pdf] submitted on 26 Nov 2011
Authors: Sheng-Ping Wu
Comments: 2 Pages.
This article expands the classical velocity to surpassing that of
light and does not vary the formula of Relative Theory, to construct a theory
well explains the current measures like the velocity and energy of neutrinos
tested between Gran Sasso and Cern.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[472] viXra:1111.0094 [pdf] submitted on 25 Nov 2011
Authors: Paul Karl Hoiland
Comments: 2 pages.
The CERN Problem is examined from another prespective.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[471] viXra:1111.0083 [pdf] submitted on 23 Nov 2011
Authors: Paul Karl Hoiland
Comments: 21 pages, A redo of a article I did
A short look at some of the paths to superluminal travel.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[470] viXra:1111.0082 [pdf] submitted on 23 Nov 2011
Authors: Golden Gadzirayi Nyambuya
Comments: 10 pages
The great Italian scientist and philosopher, Galileo Galilee, is reported to have stood
at the learning tower of Pisa in Italy and famously dropped objects of different masses
(and compositions), thereby demonstrating that the motion of matter in a gravitational
field is independent of the body's composition since these objects, despite their different
masses (and compositions), their free-fall time was practically equal. By so doing, Galileo
demolished a more than one and a half millennium of dogma that had been set forth
by the Greek philosopher, Aristotle, namely that, in a gravitational field, heavier objects
fall faster than lighter ones. Galileo's conclusion is a posteriori justified current scientific
dogma, we all accept this as a durable fact of experience. Gently and modestly, this
reading appears to furnish this hypothesis. We unambiguously demonstrate beyond any
shadow of doubt that Newtonian gravitation implies that gravitational and inertial mass
are equal.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[469] viXra:1111.0070 [pdf] submitted on 1 Nov 2011
Authors: Matti Pitkänen
Comments: 21 pages
Entropic gravity (EG) introduced by Verlinde has stimulated a great interest. One of the most interesting reactions is the commentary of Sabine Hossenfelder. The article of Kobakhidze relies on experiments supporting the existence of Schrödinger amplitudes of neutron in the gravitational field of Earth develops an argument suggesting that EG hypothesis in the form in which it excludes gravitons is wrong. Indeed, the mere existence of gravitational bound states suggests strongly the existence of transitions between them by graviton emission. The following arguments represent TGD inspired view about what entropic gravity (EG) could be if one throws out the unnecessary assumptions such as the emerging dimensions and absence of gravitons. Also the GRT limit of TGD is discussed leading to rather strong implications concerning the TGD counterparts of blackholes.
The basic vision behind quantum TGD is that this approximation is much nearer to reality than the original theory. In other words, holography is realized in the sense that to a given 3-surface the metric of WCW assigns a unique space-time and this space-time serves as the analog of Bohr orbit and allows to realize 4-D general coordinate invariance in the space of 3-surfaces so that classical theory becomes an exact part of quantum theory. This point of view will be adopted in the following also in the framework of general relativity where one considers abstract 4-geometries instead of 4-surfaces: functional integral should be over 3-geometries with the definition of Kähler metric assigning to 3-geometry a unique 4-geometry.
[468] viXra:1111.0069 [pdf] submitted on 19 Nov 2011
Authors: Paul Karl Hoiland
Comments: 4 pages
In this article a suggestion is raised where by gravity and mass are
both emergent, not fundamental.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[467] viXra:1111.0053 [pdf] submitted on 14 Nov 2011
Authors: Ji Qi, YinLing Jiang
Comments: 49 pages
There has existed the focus of debate between the viewpoint of space-time of
classical physics and that of relativity for almost a hundred years. Which is more reasonable on
earth?
The fundamental principle of the theory of relativity and its basic transformation will be
discussed in detail in this study. By discussion, I hope we can see the essence of the theory of
relativity clearly and make people profoundly understand the fundamental conception of physics
on time and space. I wish we can return a sunny sky to physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[466] viXra:1111.0050 [pdf] submitted on 13 Nov 2011
Authors: Nikolas S Lewis
Comments: 11 pages
This article puts forth the theory that mass is energy in a dimensional form; mass doesn't just create
gravity, but the dimensions themselves. The main part of this theory is when gravity gives a force
on mass it will balance, but when gravity gives a force on anything without mass, such as light,
there is imbalance. This article consists of explanation and evidence that centers on a new particle,
the oreka, created when gravity alters the direction of photons.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[465] viXra:1111.0049 [pdf] submitted on 12 Nov 2011
Authors: Paul Karl Hoiland
Comments: 4 pages
In this article I look at some of the math behind replacing the exotic
energy of any warp metric with an inflation field with a focus on a simple generic
solution to the frame switch in the recent CERN superluminal neutrino detection
to that of a Newtonian metric.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[464] viXra:1111.0047 [pdf] submitted on 12 Nov 2011
Authors: Paul Karl Hoiland
Comments: 11 pages
In a short examination of some of the major problems raised as
objections to Doctor Alcubierre?s original proposal of warp drive within General
Relativity(1) by many author?s in both peer review publication and archive articles
one discovers that solutions to these problems do exist if one is willing to
consider a modified version of that original proposal. It is the findings of this
Author that Warp Drive cannot be properly ruled out at this time at least as a
possible future method of sub-light propulsion with the possible added benefit of
working as a superluminal field propulsion drive.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[463] viXra:1111.0044 [pdf] submitted on 11 Nov 2011
Authors: Paul Karl Hoiland
Comments: 47 pages
I have been at both physics and Electrical Engineering going on about 32 years
now. But I have had two major interests all along. One is to better understand
the Cosmos we live in. The other stems back to two events in my life several
years removed from each other. The first event happened in Texas back in 1973
while taking a short trip across east Texas with my folks. The event was
witnessing something that would be classified as a close encounter of the first
type. What my folks and I saw out in east Texas was a very brilliant glowing
object circular in shape due south of the road we where on above a cattle field. I
and my folks remember pulling over to look at it and we remember driving away
afterwards. But we do not remember anything in between. The second event
took place back in 1983 in Tucson Arizona while working for the Military. One
evening I and several others had gone out into the desert northeast of Tucson to
cook out and have a good time. What we did not know was several unidentified
objects had been spotted out south of Tucson by workers up on Kitt Peak in the
area of Ryan Field a small local airport south of Tucson.. These objects took a
slow flight path out across Tucson towards the direction we where at.. I ended
up being about 100 yards from one of these as it progressed across the valley.
Close enough to see a lot of detail, to get a good idea by its general shape and
size and flight aspects that this was not anything our Military had at the time.
While I never saw any aliens or little green men. What I witnessed was
intelligently controlled, had some motive power different from anything our planet
uses and could have been a robotic probe similar to one's we launch at present
into space.. I also learned later that the Military on Davis Monthan had tracked
these same objects that evening also. These two events sparked keen interests
in space propulsion which later got utilized during the era of Alcubierre Warp
Drive research with the group ESAA.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[462] viXra:1111.0043 [pdf] submitted on 11 Nov 2011
Authors: Paul Karl Hoiland
Comments: 7 pages
In this article as based upon an alternative answer to the measured superluminal
velocity of Neutrinos at CERN I propose an alternative approach to superluminal
propulsion that on the surface does not suffer from some of the problems of the
more standard Alcubierre Drive.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[461] viXra:1111.0036 [pdf] submitted on 9 Nov 2011
Authors: Daniele Sasso
Comments: 18 pages
Starting from some questions on General Relativity we make a few critical
considerations in concordance with the Theory of Reference Frames (TR).
TR represents firstly a critical viewpoint and secondly an alternative solution with
regard to whether Special Relativity or General Relativity, moreover it represents
a new answer to problems of dynamics of motion. The new definition of not linear
element is the most important concept expressed in this article and particularly we
consider the physical explanation of the change of the linear element into a not
linear curved element when it is in a gravitational field. In the absence of
gravitational field, the geodetic (trajectory along which the work carried out by a
force is the smallest) coincides with the linear element and inside the gravitational
field it changes into the curved element. We prove that in a gravitational field this
change is caused by energy reasons and not by the space and time kinematic
warp. A few classical experiments, like cosmological redshift and deflection of light,
at last are considered and a new interpretation is given outside General Relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[460] viXra:1111.0033 [pdf] submitted on 7 Nov 2011
Authors: Andrew Downing
Comments: 17 pages, dedicated under the CC0 Public Domain Dedication
A simple method is presented to account for the macroscopic effects of potential unknown
attractive and repulsive forces that obey the inverse square law. This method is implemented
in an n-body simulation. Graphs and screenshots from the simulation are then used to show
that practically any quantum mechanical big bang theory with many arbitrary types of particles
and fundamental forces would necessitate cosmic inflation, structure formation in the early
universe, Hubble's law, the cosmological principle, slightly accelerated expansion of the
universe, and, in specific cases (such as protoplanetary disks), the equivalence principle,
regardless of what the particles and forces in the theory are.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[459] viXra:1111.0032 [pdf] submitted on 6 Nov 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: This paper was published in The Hadronic Journal, 34, 197-224 (2011) and is an abridged version of the paper, ‘The Black Hole Catastrophe:
A Reply to J. J. Sharples',
http://vixra.org/abs/1011.0062
A recent Letter to the Editor (Sharples J. J., Coordinate transformations and metric extension:
a rebuttal to the relativistic claims of Stephen J. Crothers, Progress in Physics,
v.1, 2010) has analysed a number of my papers. Dr. Sharples has committed errors in
both mathematics and physics. His notion that r = 0 in the so-called "Schwarzschild
solution" marks the point at the centre of the related manifold is false, as is his related
claim that Schwarzschild's actual solution describes a manifold that is extendible. His
post hoc introduction of Newtonian concepts and related mathematical expressions into
the "Schwarzschild solution" is invalid; for instance, Newtonian two-body relations
into what is alleged to be a one-body problem. Each of the objections are treated
in turn and their invalidity fully demonstrated. Black hole theory is riddled with
contradictions. This article provides definitive proof that black holes do not exist.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[458] viXra:1111.0028 [pdf] submitted on 4 Nov 2011
Authors: Mark Zilberman
Comments: 3 Pages.
In the recent research the OPERA collaboration has reported the observation of superluminal neutrinos. They
did not state what exact value they used as the speed of light c, but we could safely assume that in
accordance to the SI system it was 299,792,458 m/s. In the following research A.G. Cohen and S. L.
Glashow showed that "superluminal neutrinos would lose energy rapidly via the bremsstrahlung of electronpositron
pairs" and that "most of the neutrinos would have suffered several pair emissions en route". This
obvious paradox between experiment and theory can easily be resolved if the speed of light is slowly
increasing and is now (or at least was during the experiment) higher than in 1970-1980 when mentioned that
299,792,458 m/s was measured. In this case the speed of neutrinos in the OPERA experiment can be higher
than 299,792,458 m/s, but at the same time be lower or equal to the current c. Without subscribing to the
model where c increases over time, it can still be a good idea to measure the speed of light c during the
replication of the experiment. In addition, if slow increase of c will be proven, it may also explain the red
shift of distant galaxies without the big-bang theory, since the more distant and earlier periods of time we
observe - the slower the light speed there, and less is the energy of photons emitted there; what for current
observer appears as a red shift in the spectrum.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[457] viXra:1111.0013 [pdf] submitted on 3 Nov 2011
Authors: Hamid Bassera
Comments: 7 Pages.
In this work I show that special relativity is mathematical theorem based on just Chasles relation in
Euclidian space. So special relativity will appears just as a direct consequence of Euclidean
geometry no more, no less.
In the end of this paper some light is brought about OPERA experiment.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[456] viXra:1111.0012 [pdf] submitted on 2 Nov 2011
Authors: Fernando Loup
Comments: 20 Pages.
Recently Superluminal Neutrinos have been observed in the OPERA experiment at CERN.Since the
neutrino possesses a non-zero rest mass then according to the Standard Model,Relativity and Lorentz
Invariance this Superluminal speed result would be impossible to be achieved.This Superluminal OPERA
result seems to be confirmed and cannot be explained by errors in the measurements or break-ups in the
Standard Model,Relativity or Lorentz Invariance. In order to conciliate the Standard Model,Relativity
and Lorentz Invariance with the OPERA Superluminal Neutrino we propose a different approach: Some
years ago Gauthier,Gravel and Melanson introduced the idea of the micro Warp Drive:Microscopical
particle-sized Warp Bubbles carrying inside sub-atomic particles at Superluminal speeds. These micro
Warp Bubbles according to them may have formed spontaneously in the Early Universe after the Big
Bang and they used the Alcubierre Warp Drive geometry in their mathematical model.We propose
exactly the same idea of Gauthier,Gravel and Melanson to explain the Superluminal Neutrino at OPERA
however using the Natario Warp Drive geometry.Our point of view can be resumed in the following
statement:In a process that modern science still needs to understand,the OPERA Experiment generated a
micro NatarioWarp Bubble around the neutrino that pushed it beyond the Light Speed barrier.Inside the
Warp Bubble the neutrino is below the Light Speed and no break-ups of the Standard Model,Relativity
or Lorentz Invariance occurs but outside the Warp Bubble the neutrino would be seen at Superluminal
speeds.Remember that the CERN particle accelerators were constructed to reproduce in laboratory
scale the physical conditions we believe that may have existed in the Early Universe so these micro
Warp Bubbles generated after the Big Bang may perhaps be re-created or reproduced inside particle
accelerators. We believe that our idea borrowed from Gauthier,Gravel and Melanson can explain what
really happened with the neutrinos in the OPERA experiment.We also explain here the results obtained
by Glashow-Cohen and Gonzalez-Mestres
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[455] viXra:1111.0011 [pdf] submitted on 2 Nov 2011
Authors: Joseph F. Messina
Comments: 3 Pages.
It is argued that the failure of conventional experiments to detect dark matter may be attributable to an
enigmatic, non-Planckian, elementary quantum of least "action" that is indigenous to quantum mechantics.
It is pointed out, as a preliminary to advancing this argument, that no purely dark matter measurement
of Planck's constant exists. The resulting hypothesis mandates the existence of a new, experimentally
verifiable, dark matter candidate. It is emphasized that an unequivocal test of this hypothesis
necessitates probing previously uncharted sensitivity thresholds. Finally, some of the more immediate,
observationally verifiable, cosmological implications of such a non-Planckian "action" are examined.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[454] viXra:1111.0001 [pdf] submitted on 1 Nov 2011
Authors: Azzam AlMosallami
Comments: 22 Pages.
In the OPERA experiment the neutrino broke the speed of light. It moved with speed greater than
the highest speed in the universe (the speed of light in vacuum) according to the special relativity
[32]. This experiment if it is confirmed will contradict the main basis that the special relativity
built on which is the constancy of speed of light, and no particle or electromagnetic wave can
exceed this speed [37]. In 2000, NEC Research Institute in Princeton claims to have achieved
propagation speeds of 310 c (c= speed of light) by Quantum tunneling [34]
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[453] viXra:1110.0069 [pdf] submitted on 26 Oct 2011
Authors: Sergey G. Fedosin
Comments: v1 in Russian (28 pages), v2 in English (25 pages)
By variation of action integral equations for computing of metric, equations of motion of substance, as
well as equations for gravitational and electromagnetic fields in covariant theory of gravitation are
found. In covariant form stress-energy tensor of gravitational field, strength tensor of gravitational
field and 4-current of mass are determined. The meaning of cosmological constant and its relation to
components of energy density in action functional are explained. The results indicate validity of
Mach's principle, assuming that gravitation effects are due to flows of gravitons. The idea
substantiates that metric can be entirely determined by variables describing properties of fields.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[452] viXra:1110.0063 [pdf] submitted on 24 Oct 2011
Authors: Sangwha Yi
Comments: 6 pages
In the general relativity theory, using Einstein's gravity field equation and acceleration
in the spherical skin's
condition, prove that the spherical inner solution don't exist .
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[451] viXra:1110.0062 [pdf] submitted on 24 Oct 2011
Authors: Mirosław J. Kubiak
Comments: 5 pages
We mathematically proved that the inertial forces, which appears in a noninertial
frame of reference, such as accelerating and rotating reference frame,
are equivalent to the real forces which appears, when the body moves in the
gravitomagnetical field. We will remind the rotating bucket with water
problem with the new proposal of the solution.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[450] viXra:1110.0057 [pdf] submitted on 19 Oct 2011
Authors: Felix M. Lev
Comments: 6 pages, no figures
We argue that the phenomenon of the cosmological acceleration can be
easily and naturally explained from first principles of quantum theory without
involving empty spacetime background, dark energy and other artificial notions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[449] viXra:1110.0048 [pdf] submitted on 15 Oct 2011
Authors: Bertrand Wong
Comments: 3 pages.
The paper describes the relation between quantum particles,
consciousness, the unified field theory and relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[448] viXra:1110.0037 [pdf] submitted on 12 Oct 2011
Authors: Stephan J. G. Gift
Comments: 7 pages
The one-way speed of light in an East-West direction over short distances is
examined by exploiting the successful operation of the Global Positioning System. This
system has been rigorously and extensively tested and verified in the Earth-Centred
Inertial frame, a frame that moves with the Earth as it revolves around the Sun but does
not share the Earth's rotation. The result is a simple demonstration of one-way light
speed variation depending on the direction of propagation that indicates the need for a
change in the practice of the routine application of the principle of light speed constancy
in the frame of the Earth
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[447] viXra:1110.0036 [pdf] submitted on 11 Oct 2011
Authors: Mirosław J. Kubiak
Comments: 6 pages
In this paper are discussed the physical consequences of using the fourvector
field of velocity (Vg)μ in gravitation and gravitomagnetism.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[446] viXra:1110.0033 [pdf] submitted on 10 Oct 2011
Authors: Fernando Loup
Comments: 32 pages
Recently Superluminal Neutrinos have been observed in the OPERA experiment at CERN.Since the
neutrino possesses a non-zero rest mass then according to the Standard Model,Relativity and Lorentz
Invariance this Superluminal speed result would be impossible to be achieved.This Superluminal OPERA
result seems to be confirmed and cannot be explained by errors in the measurements or break-ups in the
Standard Model,Relativity or Lorentz Invariance. In order to conciliate the Standard Model,Relativity
and Lorentz Invariance with the OPERA Superluminal Neutrino we propose a different approach: Some
years ago Gauthier,Gravel and Melanson introduced the idea of the micro Warp Drive:Microscopical
particle-sized Warp Bubbles carrying inside sub-atomic particles at Superluminal speeds. These micro
Warp Bubbles according to them may have formed spontaneously in the Early Universe after the Big
Bang and they used the Alcubierre Warp Drive geometry in their mathematical model.We propose
exactly the same idea of Gauthier,Gravel and Melanson to explain the Superluminal Neutrino at OPERA
however using the Natario Warp Drive geometry.Our point of view can be resumed in the following
statement:In a process that modern science still needs to understand,the OPERA Experiment generated a
micro NatarioWarp Bubble around the neutrino that pushed it beyond the Light Speed barrier.Inside the
Warp Bubble the neutrino is below the Light Speed and no break-ups of the Standard Model,Relativity
or Lorentz Invariance occurs but outside the Warp Bubble the neutrino would be seen at Superluminal
speeds.Remember that the CERN particle accelerators were constructed to reproduce in laboratory
scale the physical conditions we believe that may have existed in the Early Universe so these micro
Warp Bubbles generated after the Big Bang may perhaps be re-created or reproduced inside particle
accelerators. We believe that our idea borrowed from Gauthier,Gravel and Melanson can explain what
really happened with the neutrinos in the OPERA experiment
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[445] viXra:1110.0031 [pdf] submitted on 9 Oct 2011
Authors: Bertrand Wong
Comments: 2 pages
This paper touches on the subject of whether light really needs a medium, which is termed the
luminiferous ether, for its transmission as is in the case of sound which requires a fluid such as air or
liquid as the medium for its transmission, and the subject of the velocity of light.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[444] viXra:1110.0029 [pdf] submitted on 9 Oct 2011
Authors: Stephan J. G. Gift
Comments: 8 pages
In a paper in 1910 Tolman pointed out that the light speed invariance postulate
of special relativity requires that the time for light to traverse a fixed distance between
two points is independent of the movement of those points relative to the light source.
The range equation of the GPS is used to directly test this proposition. This equation has
been rigorously tested and verified in the Earth-Centred Inertial frame where light signals
propagate in straight lines at constant speed c. The result is a simple demonstration of
light speed anisotropy that is consistent with light speed variation detected in other
experiments and inconsistent with the light speed invariance postulate.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[443] viXra:1110.0028 [pdf] submitted on 9 Oct 2011
Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 13 pages, submitted to Physics Letters B
Superluminal particles are studied within the framework of the Extended
Relativity theory in Clifford spaces (C-spaces). In the simplest
scenario, it is found that it is the contribution of the Clifford scalar component
π of the poly-vector-valued momentum which is responsible for
the superluminal behavior in ordinary spacetime due to the fact that the
effective mass M = (see paper)
is imaginary (tachyonic). However, from
the point of view of C-space, there is no superluminal (tachyonic) behavior
because the true physical mass still obeys M2 > 0. Therefore, there are
no violations of the Clifford-extended Lorentz invariance and the extended
Relativity principle in C-spaces. Furthermore, to lowest order, there is no
contribution of terms involving powers of the Planck mass (1/m2P ) indicating
that quantum gravitational effects do not play a role at this order.
A Born's Reciprocal Relativity theory in Phase Spaces leads to modified
dispersion relations involving both coordinates and momenta, and whose
truncations furnish Lorentz-violating dispersion relations which appear in
Finsler Geometry, rainbow-metrics models and Double (deformed) Special
Relativity. These models also admit superluminal particles. A numerical
analysis based on the recent OPERA experimental findings on alleged
superluminal muon neutrinos is made. For the average muon neutrino
energy of 17 Gev, we find a value for π = 119.7 Mev that, coincidentally,
is close to the mass of the muon mμ = 105.7 Mev.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[442] viXra:1110.0027 [pdf] submitted on 7 Oct 2011
Authors: Armin Nikkhah Shirazi
Comments: 9 pages, This essay was first submitted to the 2nd FQXi essay contest in early october 2009. The link can be found here:
http://www.fqxi.org/community/forum/topic/577
The Lorentz Transformations imply that time and length are in some sense interconvertible,
much in contrast to our ordinary intuitions. This paper attempts to present an approach which is
supposed to make it intuitively evident that time and length are in fact interconvertible and,
furthermore, that this approach is compatible with two well-known phenomena predicted by SR, namely
time dilation and length contraction. This is accomplished by demonstrating how a clock can be used
as a ruler, and vice versa, leading to the realization that length contraction and time dilation
directly imply each other in the context of the motion of the same measurement device.
What makes both kinds of measurements using the same device really possible in the first place is the
existence of a finite upper limit on motion. Because of this limit, length measurements cannot be
completed without involving the passage of time, and time measurements cannot be completed without
involving finite displacement. But that means any clock or ruler really measures both time and length.
Hence one constraint on what is fundamentally possible in physics is our ability to build measurement
devices that can be exclusively used just as rulers or just as clocks
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[441] viXra:1110.0025 [pdf] submitted on 7 Oct 2011
Authors: Armin Nikkhah Shirazi
Comments: 8 pages
The speed of light postulate, one of the two fundamental assumptions upon which the special theory
of relativity (SR) is based, still seems as mysterious today as when it was first introduced. This paper
presents a derivation of the postulate from three axioms:1) A definition of motion in proper time that
captures most of the mathematical aspects of SR except for the speed of light postulate itself, 2) An
axiom concerning the nature of the existence of entities which do not age, and finally 3) an axiom which
defines existence in a spacetime to be transitive. The second axiom is motivated by an apparent paradox
inherent in the structure of SR, called the existence paradox, pertaining to entities which do not age. The
duration of existence of such entities in their proper frame is precisely equal to zero, which would normally
be interpreted to be consistent with non- existence and inconsistent with the empirical evidence for the
existence of such entities. The resolution of this apparent paradox is guided by a quasi-philosophical
principle, called the Principle of least Speciality. The second axiom presents a resolution to the existence
paradox that follows this principle while at the same time providing the essence of the explanation for
the speed of light postulate. Given the three axioms, it is straightforward to show that the speed of light
postulate is a logical consequence. Furthermore, this framework implies a direct experimentally testable
prediction that is, according to currently prevailing views, unexpected.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[440] viXra:1110.0019 [pdf] submitted on 7 Oct 2011
Authors: Hyoyoung Choi
Comments: 7 pages
Gravity is the force conquering the structure of the universe. By recognizing the components of the universe,
we are estimating the quantity of components composing the universe through size of gravity and gravitational
potential energy (GPE). In this paper, it is being shown that the universe can be created and expanded through
pair creation of positive energy (mass) and negative energy (mass) from zero energy condition [1]. Also, GPE is
composed by 3 units of U++, U--, and U-+ when negative and positive energy exists, U-+ (GPE between negative
mass and positive mass) has positive values and is the component that makes repulsive gravitational effect [2]. U-+
corresponds with the inner energy of the system and can be interpreted as dark energy. Also, situations in which
U-+ has much higher value than jU-- + U++j depending on the distribution of negative mass and positive mass
is possible. This doesn't mean that 72.3% of dark energy independently exists, but means that explanation from
GPE occurring from 4.6% of negative energy, which is the same as 4.6% of positive energy, is possible. Moreover,
4.6% of negative energy is the energy which is inevitably required from zero energy, which is the most natural total
energy value in the universe. This discovery implies that our belief that size of gravity and size of components of
the universe would always 1:1 correspond was wrong.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[439] viXra:1110.0018 [pdf] submitted on 6 Oct 2011
Authors: Akindele (Adekugbe) Joseph
Comments: 18 pages
The hierarchy of masses/intrinsic masses of a particle or body in a hierarchy of spacetimes
/intrinsic spacetimes in a universe, isolated in the first part of this paper, is extended
to the hierarchies of other physical parameters/intrinsic parameters. Spacetime
and intrinsic spacetime are proposed to be composed of the ponderable (or metric) gravitational
components and the non-ponderable (or affine) dynamical components, and the
mass and intrinsic mass of a particle or body as composed of the ponderable (or metric)
gravitational components and non-ponderable (or affine) dynamical components. The
constant speed of 'signals', c = 300,000 Km/s, is separated into the constant dynamical
speed of electromagnetic waves, c
= 300,000 Km/s in vacuo and the constant static
(or gravitational) speed of gravitational waves cg = 300,000 Km/s, where cg being a
static (or gravitational) speed, is not made manifest in actual translation through space
of the massless graviton. The time dimension ct is likewise split into the metric static
(or gravitational) component cg t and the affine dynamical component c
t. The static
(or gravitational) speed of gravitational waves cg is incorporated into the gravitational
local Lorentz transformation (GLLT)in the context of the theory of gravitational relativity
(TGR) on flat spacetime and the absolute intrinsic line element, absolute intrinsic
metric tensor and absolute intrinsic Ricci tensor of the metric theory of absolute intrinsic
gravity (MAIG) on curved 'two-dimensional' absolute intrinsic spacetime in every
gravitational field of the present theory, developed in a previous paper, while the dynamical
speed c
of electromagnetic waves should appear in local Lorentz transformation
(LLT) of the special theory of relativity (SR), derived on flat spacetime in an external
gravitational field in the present theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[438] viXra:1110.0017 [pdf] submitted on 6 Oct 2011
Authors: Akindele (Adekugbe) Joseph
Comments: 23 pages
Three stages of evolutions of spacetime/intrinsic spacetime and mass/intrinsic mass in
a universe are isolated. The ab initio absolutely immaterial state of a universe with flat
'four-dimensional' absolute-absolute spacetime containing absolute-absolute rest mass
and its underlying flat 'two-dimensional' absolute-absolute intrinsic-intrinsic spacetime
containing absolute-absolute intrinsic-intrinsic rest mass, evolved into an intermediate
absolute material state with flat 'four-dimensional' absolute spacetime containing absolute
rest mass and its underlying flat 'two-dimensional' absolute intrinsic spacetime
containing absolute intrinsic rest mass, at the first stage; followed by evolution into
yet an intermediate relative material state with flat four-dimensional proper spacetime
containing rest mass and its underlying flat two-dimensional proper intrinsic spacetime
containing intrinsic rest mass, at the second stage. These are then followed by evolution
into a final relative material state with flat four-dimensional relativistic spacetime containing
relativistic (or inertial) mass and its underlying flat two-dimensional relativistic
intrinsic spacetime containing relativistic intrinsic mass (or intrinsic inertial mass), at
the third (and final) stage. The three stages commenced and progress simultaneously
and are still on-going in every universe at present. The second and third stages of evolutions
of spacetime/intrinsic spacetime and mass/intrinsic mass in a universe, correspond
to the first and second stages in a gravitational field, already developed in the previous
papers. The associated hierarchies of spacetimes and masses (comprising of three layers
of space-time-mass) in every universe is highlighted.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[437] viXra:1110.0013 [pdf] submitted on 5 Oct 2011
Authors: Lukasz Andrzej Glinka
Comments: 8 pages
Recently, on the conference "Quantum Theory and Gravitation"
held in Zürich on June 14-24, 2011, V.F. Mukhanov has been
presented talk "Massive Gravity" discussing the relationships between
massive gravitational waves and Cosmological Perturbations
of the Minkowski background. His crucial result was modification
of the Newtonian potential of universal gravitation due to
a multiplicative constant equal to 4=3.
However, this presentation has been stirred up my negative
opinion. The controversy has been caused by absence of a lot of
details, what have been made the talk manifestly misleading. The
lecturer did not respond to my questions satisfactory.
Mukhanov's deductions are at most half-true, and they can be
easily verified by straightforward calculations. In this paper I explain
shortly what is right and what is wrong in the approach
propagated by Mukhanov. Particularly, I shall to show that restoration
of the Newton law of universal gravitation is unambiguous.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[436] viXra:1110.0009 [pdf] submitted on 5 Oct 2011
Authors: Rafael-Andrés Alemañ-Berenguer
Comments: 9 pages
Theoretical research has paid little attention to the influence on chemical
kinetics of the motion of reference frames where chemical reactions are carried on. In
order to improve this situation, in this paper the main chemical-kinetics relations with
regards to inertial and gravitational frames in the relativistic range are developed, and
also some simple experiments designed to test their scope are suggested.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[435] viXra:1110.0007 [pdf] submitted on 4 Oct 2011
Authors: Daniele Sasso
Comments: 8 pages
The Theory of Reference Frames considers two speeds of light: the physical speed which
is an universal constant and the relativistic speed which instead is variable and depends
on the relative speed between the considered reference frames. We analyse physical
consequences of the not constant speed of light as per principles of the Theory of
Reference Frames which makes use of different relativistic transformations of space-time.
Specifically we consider variation of mass, relativity of space-time and the revealing
physical effect concerning the muon average life. At last we make a few considerations
about the recent experiment on the speed of muon neutrino from CERN to LNGS.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[434] viXra:1109.0063 [pdf] submitted on 28 Sep 2011
Authors: Subodh Vashist
Comments: 16 pages, This paper is copyrighted (2011)
Counter-intuitive concept of decrease in rate of time and increase
in mass due to motion are fundamental conclusions of Special Theory
of Relativity(STR). STR successfully explains the decrease in nuclear
decay rates due to motion until recently, when nuclear decay rates are
found to depend on Earth-Sun distance and solar activities like
solar
ares. Present paper is an alternate theory to STR and produces
the same mathematical results of STR but with completely different
meaning of the observed effects due to motion. Utilising simple
spherical model for properties of matter, present theory also explains the
dependence of nuclear decay rates on Earth-Sun distance and solar
activity. On the other hand present theory assumes the rate of time and
mass to be constant, thereby keeping the theory self-contained, while
accounting for all the relativistic effects, including Newton's Second
law of motion which is mathematically inconsistent in STR.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[433] viXra:1109.0058 [pdf] submitted on 27 Sep 2011
Authors: Azzam AlMosallami
Comments: 14 pages
Radio metric data from Pioneer 10/11 indicate an apparent anomalous, constant, acceleration
acting on the spacecraft with a magnitude ~ , directed towards the Sun[1,2].
Turyshev [7] examined the constancy and direction of the Pioneer anomaly, and concluded that
the data a temporally decaying anomalous acceleration with an over 10%
improvement in the residuals compared to a constant acceleration model. Anderson, who is
retired from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), is that study's first author. He finds, so "it's
either new physics or old physics we haven't discovered yet." New physics could be a variation
on Newton's laws, whereas an example of as-yet-to-be-discovered old physics would be a cloud
of dark matter trapped around the sun[12].
In this paper I introduce the exact solution for the Pioneer anomaly depending on the general
theory of relativity and the Hubble's law. According to my solution, there are two terms of
decelerations that controls the Pioneer anomaly. The first is produced by moving the Pioneer
spacecraft through the gravitational field of the Sun, which causes the velocity of the spacecraft
to be decreased according to the Schwarzschild Geometry of freely infalling particle. This
deceleration is responsible for varying behaviour of the Pioneer anomaly in Turyshev [7]. The
second term is produced by the Hubble's law which is constant and equals to the Hubble's
constant multiplied by the speed of light in vacuum.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[432] viXra:1109.0057 [pdf] submitted on 27 Sep 2011
Authors: José Francisco García Juliá
Comments: 1 page
The famous equation that relates the mass with the energy can be deduced without using
the special relativity of Einstein; however, the relation obtained is slightly different.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[431] viXra:1109.0056 [pdf] submitted on 27 Sep 2011
Authors: Armando V.D.B. Assis
Comments: 6 pages
In this brief paper, we solve the relativistic kinematics related to the intersection between a
relativistic beam of particles (neutrinos, e.g.) and consecutive detectors. The gravitational effects
are neglected, but the effect of the Earth rotation is taken into consideration under a simple approach
in which we consider two instantaneous inertial reference frames in relation to the fixed stars: an
instantaneous inertial frame of reference having got the instantaneous velocity of rotation (about
the Earth axis of rotation) of the Cern at one side, the lab system of reference in which the beam
propagates, and another instantaneous inertial system of reference having got the instantaneous
velocity of rotation of the detectors at Gran Sasso at the other side, this latter being the system
of reference of the detectors. Einstein's relativity theory provides a velocity of intersection between
the beam and the detectors greater than the velocity of light in the empty space as derived in this
paper, in virtue of the Earth rotation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[430] viXra:1109.0048 [pdf] submitted on 22 Sep 2011
Authors: Sudesh Kumar
Comments: 16 pages
This paper shows that a complete theory of gravity can be deduced purely
from special theory of relativity and equivalence principle without using general theory
of relativity or Einstein's field equations. It is shown how the time periods of identical
clocks and lengths of identical measuring rods will vary with change in gravitational
potential, and how we can derive Schwarzschild Metric from this variation, proving that
special theory of relativity is not so special and applies to non-inertial frames as well.
Then the equations of motion and Kepler's Laws are derived from Schwarzschild Metric using
a novel yet simple method of differentiation with respect to time. Equation of motion thus
derived contains a completely new and hitherto unknown term for gravitational acceleration.
Using this new equation of motion it is shown that perihelion advance of mercury, high
orbital speeds in galaxies, deflection of light by the Sun and gravitational lensing in
the galactic clusters are completely explainable. This makes dark matter redundant and
paves way for a new theory of Gravity different from the ones given by both Newton and
Einstein.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[429] viXra:1109.0035 [pdf] submitted on 16 Sep 2011
Authors: Yongfeng Yang
Comments: 19 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables; Some of the content has been published at a conference
proceeding; Citation: Yang, Y. F., Proceedings of the 18th annual conference of the NPA, College
Park, Maryland University, USA, Vol.8: 712-721 (2011)
Long-term observation shows that both stars in the galaxy and galaxies in the
clusters revolve much faster than expectation, but the established models like dark
matter and other gravity alternatives are difficult to account for this unusual motion.
Most disc and elliptical galaxies are often with planar rotational appearance, but the
mechanism that determines this feature remains unclear. Here we employ a newly
introduced hierarchical two-body gravity model to work, and show that the motion of
each star in a galaxy is determined by all the mass that is interior to this star from the
galaxy's center, thereby an uniform velocity profile may be yielded for all the stars in
a galaxy, and show that under the effect of gravitation a successive hierarchical
approach between all components of a galaxy may confine them to fall on a plane and
thus remain planar appearance for the galaxy. We rework out the mass of galaxy
N4605, 1035, 4062, 2742, 701, 2608, 3495, 1087, 4682, 3672, 1421, 2715, 4321,
7541, 7664, 2998, 753, 801, U3691, I467, and U2885 and find an average increase of
2.99 % the mass that is derived from integral disc model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[428] viXra:1109.0032 [pdf] submitted on 7 Sep 2011
Authors: Juan Carlos Alcerro Mena
Comments: 11 pages.
This document reports some of the important results of a theoretical work that
performed the Wick rotation with the condition of retaining the validity of the Lorentz group.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[427] viXra:1109.0031 [pdf] submitted on 7 Sep 2011
Authors: Akindele (Adekugbe) Joseph
Comments: 27 pages, Submitted to Progress in Physics.
Author's name recently changed from Joseph Akindele O Adekugbe to Akindele O Adekugbe Joseph.
The two stages of evolution of spacetime/intrinsic spacetime and the associated spacetime
/intrinsic spacetime geometries in a long range metric force field, isolated in previous
papers, are particularized to the gravitational field. The theory of relativity on flat
four-dimensional spacetime (E3, ct) and the intrinsic theory relativity on the underlying
flat two-dimensional intrinsic spacetime (φρ, φcφt), due to the presence of a metric
force field, as well as the absolute intrinsic metric theory (of the metric force field) on
curved 'two-dimensional' absolute intrinsic spacetime (φρ^, φc^φt^), which evolve at the
second (and final) stage of evolution of spacetime/intrinsic spacetime in a long range
metric force field, developed in the previous papers, become the theory of gravitational
relativity (TGR) on the flat four-dimensional relativistic spacetime, the intrinsic theory
of gravitational relativity (φTGR) on the underlying flat two-dimensional relativistic
intrinsic spacetime and the metric theory of absolute intrinsic gravity (φMAG) on the
curved 'two-dimensional' absolute intrinsic spacetime in a gravitational field. The basic
aspects of these co-existing theories in every gravitational field are developed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[426] viXra:1109.0021 [pdf] submitted on 8 Sep 2011
Authors: Chun-Xuan Jiang
Comments: 6 pages. In Chinese
Using the tachyonic theory we find the new gravitational formula (16) and establish the expansion theory of
the Universe see Fig. 2, (22)-(25). We show that gravitons can be converted into the rest mass, see Fig. 2,
m-bar → m, (24) and (27). We point out that Newtonian gravitational theory is approximate and the general theory
of relativity is wrong.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[425] viXra:1109.0018 [pdf] submitted on 8 Sep 2011
Authors: Daniele Sasso
Comments: 8 pages.
In this paper the main aspects of the Theory of Reference Frames are presented:
in particular we consider the relativistic relation between time and mass, the
electrodynamics of a moving charged particle, the quantum electrodynamic behavior
of accelerated electron and a new explanation of the Compton effect.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[424] viXra:1109.0007 [pdf] submitted on 5 Sep 2011
Authors: Douglas L. Weller
Comments: 30 pages
Albert Einstein validated his field equations by demonstrating that they complied with
what he called the laws of momentum and energy. The most well-known solution to
Einstein's field equations is the Schwarzschild metric describing the gravitational field of a
mass point. Here is examined how what Einstein called the laws of momentum and energy
are manifest in the Schwarzschild metric and how these laws limit the geometry of space-time
that is defined by the Schwarzschild metric.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[423] viXra:1109.0006 [pdf] submitted on 5 Sep 2011
Authors: Douglas L. Weller
Comments: 32 pages
The laws of physics hold equally in reference frames that are in motion with respect to
each other. This premise of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity is a fairly easy concept to
understand in the abstract, however the mathematics-particularly the tensor calculus used by
Einstein to describe general relativity-used to flesh out this premise can be very complex,
making the subject matter difficult for the non-specialist to intuitively grasp. Here is set out a
fundamental principle of relativity that can be used as a tool to understand and explain special
and general relativity. The fundamental principle of relativity is used to independently derive
the Lorentz factor, the Minkowski metric and the Schwarzschild metric. The fundamental
principle is also used to derive metric tensors for systems with multiple point masses and to
explain Newtonian kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy and mass-energy equivalence
in the context of special and general relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[422] viXra:1109.0003 [pdf] submitted on 1 Sep 2011
Authors: Andrew Banks
Comments: 3 pages
Assume the standard configuration under Special Relativity (SR) and a light pulse is
emitted when the origins of two coordinate systems are common. Further assume v = .6c and that
the spherical light wave (SLW) has attained the unprimed coordinated (2ls,10ls,0) where ls is the
distance light travels in 1 second. Then t1 = √104s and
using LT, ( x'1 1.25(2-.6√104) ,10 ,0) x1 = - ls ls .
Since x1 > and x'1 < , both frames agree along the line y = 10 the SLW is in between the two
origins. According to nature, the SLW will propagate further. So, assume that condition. Both
frames conclude, along the line y =10 , any further propagation of the SLW must place the SLW
further from its own origin assuming the light postulate in its frame. A valid question to propose
is, by considering coordinates only with y =10 and z = 0 , where will the SLW move to after
further propagation? If both frames agree the SLW must move further from the respective origin,
and the SLW is in between the two origins, then the SLW must move two different directions
along the line y = 10 to satisfy the SR conditions of each frame. Based on this fact, it will be
proven in the context of either frame, after further propagation of the SLW, Lorentz
transformations (LT) will contradict the light postulate in the target frame.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[421] viXra:1109.0002 [pdf] submitted on 1 Sep 2011
Authors: Xavier Terri Castañé
Comments: 21 pages
Theory of Everything? Any theory is already a theory of everything.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[420] viXra:1108.0035 [pdf] submitted on 23 Aug 2011
Authors: Yongfeng Yang
Comments: 9 Pages, 3 figures
Supernovae are generally believed to be triggered either in the core collapse of a
massive star or in the increase of mass that a white dwarf star accumulates from a
stellar companion (through accretion or merger), but a long-standing puzzle
surrounding Type II supernovae is why the compact object remnant after the
explosion gains a large velocity away from the core. Another unresolved problem of
supernova is how to determine high rotating neutron stars that are ascribed to be a
skillful kick from asymmetric collapse of a massive star, but the mechanism of this
asymmetry is still unknown. Here we propose that due to orbital shrinkage the two
stars of a binary star system may finally take place a smashing collision to form a
supernova. The simulation of white dwarfs RX J0806.3+1527 in principle fits to the
observed features of supernova.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[419] viXra:1108.0033 [pdf] submitted on 23 Aug 2011
Authors: Yongfeng Yang
Comments: 49 Pages, 16 figures and 3 tables
A general description of the association of observable structures and their
motions had been presented currently, but the specification of these motions is still not
yet formed. Here we specify that, within a series of hierarchical two-body systems,
the motion of an object relative to another object is determined by both the number of
motion and its magnitude between them. The Sun and planets in the solar system are
good candidates to test such a specification. Here we quantitatively compare the data
from JPL's Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System, the result between the two is
consistent approximately.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[418] viXra:1108.0014 [pdf] submitted on 6 Aug 2011
Authors: E. Koorambas
Comments: 8 pages with 4 figures,submitted to
Commum.Theor.Phys, comments and criticisms are welcome
We test the N.Wu gauge theory of gravity with massive gravitons
in the perturbing topological field theory framework. We show that the
computation of the correlation function between massive and massless gravitons
is reported up to 4-loop and appears to be unaffected by radiative correction.
This result ensures the stability of the linking number between massive and
massless gravitons with respect to the local perturbation, a result with
potential wider applications in cosmology.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[417] viXra:1108.0013 [pdf] submitted on 6 Aug 2011
Authors: E. Koorambas
Comments: 8 pages,submitted to Cass.Quantum.Grav,comments and
criticisms are welcome
In the framework of Finslerian geometry, we propose a geometric
unification
between traditional gauge treatments of gravity, represented by metric field,
and dark energy, which arises as a corresponding gauge potential from the
single SU (2) group. Furthermore, we study the perturbation of gravity waves
caused by dark energy. This proposition may have far reaching applications in
astrophysics and cosmology.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[416] viXra:1108.0012 [pdf] submitted on 5 Aug 2011
Authors: Chun-Xuan. Jiang
Comments: 15 pages
This paper explains the behavior of the entire universe from
the smallest to the largest scales, found an equation that changed the universe
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[415] viXra:1108.0002 [pdf] submitted on 1 Aug 2011
Authors: Andrew Banks
Comments: 8 pages
Under Special Relativity (SR), as a consequence of the light postulate, a spherical light wave
(SLW) propagates away from the light emission point in the frame in all directions at a constant velocity
c . Further, assuming the standard configuration, since the Lorentz transformations (LT) are required to
preserve the truth of all aspects of the SLW, then on any time interval, LT must preserve the propagation
the SLW away from the origin of the primed frame. In short, since there is only one SLW under SR
assuming one light pulse and given some time interval for the unprimed frame, since the set of vectors for
that time interval demonstrates the propagation of the SLW away from the unprimed origin at c , then the
corresponding set of LT mapped vectors must also demonstrate the SLW propagates away from the
primed origin at c . More specifically, SLW expansion in one frame must translate using LT to SLW
expansion for any other frame. However, it will be shown, using some arbitrary ...
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[414] viXra:1107.0058 [pdf] submitted on 29 Jul 2011
Authors: R G Kulkarni
Comments: 20 pages
The energy density of free space is constant and negative. Energy,
which comes from free space according to the law of energy creation, is created at
a constant rate. Matter or energy that is created contains equal amounts of positive
and negative energy. Therefore, the total energy of the body is zero. This law offers
insights on the beginning and end of the universe, as well as how this cycle
continues.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[413] viXra:1107.0055 [pdf] submitted on 28 Jul 2011
Authors: Cristi Stoica
Comments: 2 pages
There are two complementary descriptions of the fate of the information
traversing the event horizon of a black hole, one given by an infalling observer, and the other by an
outside observer. According to the black hole complementarity principle, although
contradictory, both these descriptions are true, but they cannot lead to an inconsistency because
the two observers cannot meet each other.
On the other hand, Einstein's equivalence principle suggests that the black hole
complementarity principle should remain the same if we apply it to the Rindler horizon of an
accelerated observer instead of the event horizon. But in the case of the Rindler horizon,
the two observers can meet each other and compare their records, proving that the
observer reporting violent evaporation of the objects approaching the Rindler horizon was in
fact wrong. This may reveal a severe limitation imposed by the equivalence principle to
Susskind's hypothesis of the black hole complementarity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[412] viXra:1107.0052 [pdf] submitted on 25 Jul 2011
Authors: Hyoyoung Choi
Comments: 8 pages
All the while, the field of physics did not seriously consider the possibility of existence of negative mass at the
general state [1{4]. The standard explanation about negative mass is, if energy level of negative exists, that the
state of low energy is stable, and the lowest state of energy is minus infinity, so the positive mass of all emits energy,
and it will transit to the energy level of minus infinity, and the universe will collapse [5]. However, at the present,
our universe exists without collapsing, so the explanation for this became the strong proof for the nonexistence of
the negative mass and the energy level of negative. We have taken this as the natural common sense and teach it to
students. At the center of this background, there is the fundamental proposition that "State of low energy is stable"
(SLES) [2], [3]. In this paper, we show that the SLES proposition is an incomplete one, and in case of a positive
mass, it is stable at the low state, whereas, in case of negative mass, it is stable at the high state [6]. Due to this,
the problem of the transition of the energy level of minus infinity (PTEMI) does not occur, and therefore, in our
universe, the existence of negative mass is possible. Moreover, we will show that negative mass provides a qualitative
explanation for dark matter and dark energy, which are the biggest problem for Cosmology at the present.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[411] viXra:1107.0047 [pdf] submitted on 24 Jul 2011
Authors: Meir Amiram
Comments: 4 pages
I describe a universe in which all universal matter is of zero rest mass and is traveling
at the speed of light (this class of universe is hereinafter abbreviated ALSU). In this
universe motion through space is a result of constant rate repetition of discrete swift
microscopic leaps averaging to a smooth-like motion at C in the macroscopic scale.
All matter in this universe is composed of EMPs (see Article 1), and the difference
between photons whose speed of light is recognized in the macroscopic scale of
reality and between particles whose speed of light is not recognized as motion in the
macroscopic scale, is in the symmetry of their EMP based structures. While bosons
have semispherical structural symmetry, fermions have spherical structural symmetry.
Photons thus follow geodesic lines in their motion, while other elementary ALSU
particles are exercising their microscopic light speed leaps, frenetically joggling
around a local mid point, with the directional leap of each EMP in their construction
being cancelled out by a consequent leap of another EMP moving in the opposite
direction. In such a universe particles and photons are on an equal footing, they are
constructed from the same building blocks, have the same speeds, the same ticking
rate of time, the same zero rest mass and the same light speed mass per each EMP
participating in their construction. The physicists residing in this ALSU unfortunately
live in the macroscopic world, and are thus unaware of said equal footing. Since they
are able to recognize only the macroscopic averages of the microscopic light speed
leaps of particles, they mess up everything: they relate to fermionic particles as if they
are at rest, to their light speed masses as if they were rest masses, and to small
differential values in the particles' light speeds as absolute small speeds.
Consequently they invent relativity theories, and finally become confused of the
inconsistency of such theories with the quantum realm. I guess you will not be
surprised to find out that according to MCS Physics this hypothetical universe is the
one in which we happen to reside.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[410] viXra:1107.0043 [pdf] submitted on 21 Jul 2011
Authors: Javier Bootello
Comments: 6 pages, Comments and annotations are welcome
This article presents a gravitational potential, which could explain some astronomical singularities: the
secular increase of the eccentricity of the Moon and the increase of the Astronomical Unit. This potential is also
consistent with the solution to the unexplained anomalous precession of the perihelion of Mercury, which was the first
success of General Relativity, event which is near to reach its first centenary.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[409] viXra:1107.0036 [pdf] submitted on 20 Jul 2011
Authors: Roald C. Maximo
Comments: 5 pages
It has happened sometimes in the history of scientific development, that a misinterpretation of a
phenomenon or an experiment by a renowned scientist, will spread thereafter under the mantle of his
authority without anyone bothering to verify the veracity of those arguments and check for its correctness.
With time it becomes so settled that any attempt to deny it will meet with strong opposition. The word of this
or that distinguished scientist is irrefutable and only a fool would dare to question it.
This kind of attitude has caused serious harm to the scientific development over the centuries and led
research in many areas astray. The last century has not been different.
I'm coming back again and again to this issue, always in a somewhat different and more explicit mode
because this is an emblematic case of what has been said above.
In two previous papers1 we got to demystify the phenomenon of stellar aberration and show
that there is nothing magic with light and, as has been demonstrated, there is no violation of the constancy
of the speed of light in applying Eddington's rain drops analogy. Since there is a straight correlation, as will
be readily shown, between the phenomenon of light aberration and the M/M experiment, we shall start
making a rapid pass through it.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[408] viXra:1107.0035 [pdf] submitted on 20 Jul 2011
Authors: Sangwha Yi
Comments: 4 pages
The differential coordinate transformation in the general relativity theory
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[407] viXra:1107.0032 [pdf] submitted on 17 Jul 2011
Authors: Michael Harney
Comments: 5 Pages.
The Hubble sphere model uses a single equation of frequency versus distance to
describe the linear and non-linear cosmological redshift data. The non-linear portion of the
cosmological redshift curve is what has been interpreted as Dark Energy, an unnecessary
phenomena that can easily be described by the interaction of Hubble spheres, where the
gravitational and electromagnetic forces are limited to the range of the Hubble radius. Analysis
of Type Ia supernovae data reveals the simple, 3rd-order polynomial predicted by the Hubble
sphere model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[406] viXra:1107.0028 [pdf] submitted on 15 Jul 2011
Authors: Gocho Sharlanov
Comments: 5 Pages.
In the article the "ether" is considered to be the "warped space-time of the Universe"
itself. Unambiguous results for the presence of anisotropy of the speed of light are obtained up
to now.
The approach in this paper is that fairness requires that experiments have to be related
to the reference system, associated with the space itself, where the Earth moves and warps the
space around. The results:
- Constant speed of light in time-spatial domains with equal gravitational potential.
- Explanation of the anomaly in the acceleration of Pioneer 10 and 11 at escaping from
the Sun's gravity with "acceleration of the speed of the electromagnetic radiation"
emanated from the spacecrafts.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[405] viXra:1107.0027 [pdf] submitted on 15 Jul 2011
Authors: Glenn A. Baxter
Comments: 44 Pages.
The Special Theory of Relativity is disproved here using simple high school algebra. The theory
of relativity is LACED throughout and therefore clouds modern scientific thinking. As with Aristotle's
theory about everything being made of earth, air, fire, and water, or that a heavier canon ball will
fall to earth faster than a lighter wooden ball, said theories standing for over 2000 years, Dr. Einstein's
Special Relativity is also wrong and has stood intact for over 100 years.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[404] viXra:1107.0025 [pdf] submitted on 14 Jul 2011
Authors: Bertrand Wong
Comments: 10 Pages.
This paper takes a look at the formulating of the unified field
theory and the theory of everything. It shows how a unified field
theory and theory of everything may be obtained. It also brings
up a number of new and controversial concepts relating to nature.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[403] viXra:1107.0024 [pdf] submitted on 12 Jul 2011
Authors: Sergey G. Fedosin
Comments: v1 in Russian (24 pages), v2 in English (22 pages).
The essence of mass and its relationship to energy is considered. It is concluded that after radiation of
energy from a system or when the system does work the mass of the system must not diminish, but
increase. The opposite case is heating of bodies from external sources, when an increase in internal
heat energy must be accompanied by an increase in entropy and decrease in the mass of the bodies.
On the basis of strong gravitation is explained mass defect of atomic nuclei. Conclusions of general
relativity and covariant theory of gravitation about mass and energy are analyzed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[402] viXra:1107.0023 [pdf] submitted on 13 Jul 2011
Authors: Stefan Mehedinteanu
Comments: 7 pages.
Based on the results of a dual Ginzburg-Landau model, in the following is quantified
the repelling force of colour electric fluxlines due of the dual Meissner effect, in view to
found its relevance as of gravitational force. This is demonstrated by using a scalar form
of Einstein's equations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[401] viXra:1107.0016 [pdf] submitted on 6 Jul 2011
Authors: Alfredo G. Oliveira
Comments: 21 pages, 7 figures
This work presents a critical yet previously unnoticed property of the units of some constants, able
of supporting a new, self-similar, model of the universe. This model displays a variation of scale
with invariance of dimensionless parameters, a characteristic of self-similar phenomena displayed
by cosmic data. The model is deducted from two observational results (expansion of space and
invariance of constants) and has just one parameter, the Hubble parameter. Somewhat surprisingly,
classic physical laws hold both in standard and comoving units, except for a small new term in the
angular momentum law that is beyond present possibilities of direct measurement. In spite of having
just one parameter, the model is as successful as the ΛCDM model in the classic cosmic tests, and
a value of H0 = 64 kms-1Mpc-1 is obtained from the fitting with supernovae Ia data from Union
compilation. It is shown that in standard units the model corresponds to Big Bang cosmologies,
namely to the ΛCDM model, unveiling what dark energy stands for. This scaling (dilation) model is a
one-parameter model that seems able of fitting cosmic data, that does not conflict with fundamental
physical laws and that is not dependent on hypotheses, being straightforwardly deducted from the
two observational results above mentioned.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[400] viXra:1107.0010 [pdf] submitted on 4 Jul 2011
Authors: A. Rozenkevich
Comments: v1 in Russian (6 pages), v2 in English (6 pages)
A mathematical derivation of geometry is rigidly rotating disk dust, taking into account special relativity.
Based on this formula are defined geometric forms a rotating disk, sphere and torus.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[399] viXra:1107.0001 [pdf] submitted on 1 Jul 2011
Authors: Bertrand Wong
Comments: 5 pages.
Special Relativity Theory (SRT) has two postulates, one stating that the laws of physics are the same for
all observers, and the other stating that the speed of light is the constant 186,000 miles per second, regardless of
any reference frames. As a result of these postulates, SRT renders predictions such as: 1) No object can travel
faster than 186,000 miles per second (the speed of light itself); 2) On approaching the speed of light, a moving
object contracts in length in the direction of motion, while 3) a clock traveling with the object slows down; 4)
The mass of an object multiplied by the square of the speed of light gives energy ( E = mc2 ); i.e., mass could be
converted to energy and vice versa; 5) Observers do not agree on the simultaneity of events - two events that are
simultaneous for one observer might not be simultaneous for another.
There are evident inconsistencies among these predictions. There is also a philosophical problem relating
to the nature of reality. Could there be more than one reality in Nature; that is, can reality be subjective, and
only a matter of interpretation? This paper explores the evident inconsistencies and the philosophical problem
by developing arguments and providing numerical examples.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[398] viXra:1106.0051 [pdf] submitted on 23 Jun 2011
Authors: Jeffrey S. Keen
Comments: 16 pages.
Although counter-intuitive, many published papers have proved that scientific
experiments are affected by the act of observation, as well as the mind being affected
by local astronomical forces and factors, such as gravity, electromagnetism, spin, and
orientation. This paper details the ability of the mind to filter out all of these local
factors, and visualise experiments as if they were being undertaken in intergalactic
space. In order to undertake this research both the mind and quantitative observation
are required. As dowsing involves both it was adopted. The physical dimensions of
simple geometric shapes were measured to compare to the dimensions of the same
geometric shapes perceived "mentally" by the body's senses. Global scaling has been
demonstrated in these laboratory conditions with simple equations obeying power
laws that involve the universal constant phi (f) and no arbitrary constants. Examples
are d = 0.5 * L ^ φ /2, Smax = 2 . r ^ φ, and a = φ * r ^ √φ. These formulae
cannot be random results. The implications are (1) that phi forms part of the structure
of space-time, (2) the important quantified discovery that the mind can interface with
the fundamentals of space-time and the cosmos. The latter concept supports ancient
Eastern philosophy, although it is alien to traditional western science.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[397] viXra:1106.0049 [pdf] submitted on 22 Jun 2011
Authors: Armando V.D.B. Assis
Comments: 2 pages.
In my paper [3], I obtain a Cold Big Bang Cosmology, fitting the cosmological data,
with an absolute zero primordial temperature, a natural cutoff for the cosmological data
to a vanishingly small entropy at a singular microstate of a comoving domain of the cosmological
fluid. This solution resides on a negative pressure solution from the general
relativity field equation and on a postulate regarding a Heisenberg indeterminacy mechanism
related to the energy fluctuation obtained from the solution of the field equations
under the Robertson-Walker comoving elementar line element context in virtue of the
adoption of the Cosmological Principle. In this paper, we see the, positive, differential
energy fluctuation, purely obtained from the general relativity cosmological solution
in [3], leads to the quantum mechanical argument of the postulate in [3], provided this
energy fluctuation is quantized, strongly supporting the postulate in [3]. I discuss the
postulate in [3], showing the result for the energy fluctuation follows from a discreteness
hypothesis.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[396] viXra:1106.0048 [pdf] submitted on 22 Jun 2011
Authors: H. Ron Harrison
Comments: 5 pages.
In reference [1] the basics of the new approach are outlined but in this
paper more details are given where the method is applied to rotating
bodies. Application to single bodies is often referred to as the de Sitter
effect and when applied to rotating bodies it is known as the
Lense-Thirring effect. This new approach gives the same form of result as the
generally accepted equations but with a different factor for the
Lense-Thirring effect. This variation is discussed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[395] viXra:1106.0044 [pdf] submitted on 20 Jun 2011
Authors: Armando V.D.B. Assis
Comments: 2 pages.
In this paper, I discuss the postulate in [1], showing the result for the energy fluctuation follows
from a discreteness hypothesis.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[394] viXra:1106.0043 [pdf] submitted on 19 Jun 2011
Authors: Roald C. Maximo
Comments: 5 pages.
For over a century, the elusive nature of the outcome of the M/M experiment has
baffled generations of physicists from all around the world. Indeed, the analysis
has revealed some subtleties. I have already, for some time, had, intuitively, all
the pieces of the puzzle in my mind but didn't know how to correctly join them.
I tried twice without success but now, everything leads me to believe I could
finally assemble the whole picture. So, I go back to the subject in a detailed way
that seems to me absolutely clear and unambiguous.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[393] viXra:1106.0041 [pdf] submitted on 17 Jun 2011
Authors: Hontas F. Farmer
Comments: 6 pages. Submitted to the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics.
Current cosmology is well served by a model which is a combination of General
Relativity, with Inflation theory and Dark Matter-Energy. In this paper I propose a single
Lagrangian which contains all of the physics of the standard concordance model of cosmology
known as Lambda CDM. This single Lagrangian contains General Relativity and fields for
both scalar and vector Inflation. When these fields are treated as quantum fields it becomes
clear each will have a particle associated with it which would be candidates for dark matter.
If this Lagrangian is validated by observations it could serve as a unified mathematical basis
for LCDM.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[392] viXra:1106.0034 [pdf] submitted on 16 Jun 2011
Authors: A Beckwith
Comments: 22 pages, accepted for publication by JMP for August to October, i.e. it is in
their pool of to be published papers. 1 table.
We introduce a criterion as to the range of HFGW generated by early universe conditions. The 1 to 10
Giga Hertz range is constructed initially starting with what Grupen writes as far as what to expect of GW
frequencies which can be detected assuming a sensitivity of h ~ 10-27 . From there we examine the
implications of an earlier Hubble parameter at the start of inflation, and a phase transition treatment of
pre to post Planckian inflation physics via use of inflatons.. We close with an analysis of how gravitational
constant G may vary with time, the tie in with the NEC condition and how to select a range of relic GW
frequencies. The gravitational frequencies in turn may enable resolving a mis match between the datum
that the entropy of the center of the galaxy black hole is greater than the entropy of the present four
dimensional universe as we can infer and measure.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[391] viXra:1106.0031 [pdf] submitted on 14 Jun 2011
Authors: Johan Noldus
Comments: 9 Pages.
A theory of gravitation based upon a spinor connection and solder
form with a nonvanishing torsion tensor is constructed and a mapping to
Einstein Cartan theory is made. As applications, the
at Friedmann and
Schwarzschild solutions are derived.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[390] viXra:1106.0026 [pdf] submitted on 13 Jun 2011
Authors: Amrit S. Sorli, Dusan Klinar, Davide Fiscaletti
Comments: 11 Pages.
In the 20th century, physics has understood space and time as being coupled into a "spacetime"
manifold, a fundamental arena in which everything takes place. Space-time was considered to have
three spatial dimensions and one temporal dimension. Out of the mathematical formalism for the fourth
space-time component X4 = ict one can conclude that time t is only a numerical order of material change,
i.e., the motion that we obtain with clocks. Time is not a 4th dimension of space. For the description of the
Special Theory of Relativity it is here proposed an Minkowski 4D space whilst time t is merely a numerical
order of a photon motion in a 4D space. This view opens new perspectives on the understanding of the
quantum entanglement, where the 4D space becomes an immediate medium for quantum
communication.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[389] viXra:1106.0025 [pdf] submitted on 13 Jun 2011
Authors: Ron Bourgoin
Comments: 3 Pages.
Mercury precesses 5600 seconds of arc per century.
Newtonian celestial mechanics accounts for only 5557
arc seconds, leaving a discrepancy of 43". In 1859,
Urbain Le Verrier, considering all the perturbations
in the solar system, wrestled only 35 arc seconds
more beyond the 1557". Had he thought about the
effect of a spinning sun on Mercury's orbit, he would
have gained another 6 arc seconds, for a total of 41",
only 2.3% shy of General Relativity's calculation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[388] viXra:1106.0024 [pdf] submitted on 12 Jun 2011
Authors: Sergey G. Fedosin
Comments: v1 in Russian (22 pages), v2 in English (21 pages)
In the weak-field approximation the problem of 4/3 is formulated for internal and external
gravitational fields of a body in the form of a ball. The dependence of the energy and mass of the
moving substance on energy of field accompanying the substance, as well as dependence on the
characteristic size of the volume occupied by substance are found. Additives in the energy and
momentum of the body, defined by energy and momentum of the gravitational and electromagnetic
fields associated with the body are explicitly defined. The conclusion is that energy and mass of the
body can be described by the energy of usual and strong gravitation, and through the energy of
electromagnetic fields of particles that compose the body.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[387] viXra:1106.0001 [pdf] submitted on 4 Jun 2011
Authors: Lukasz Andrzej Glinka
Comments: 5 pages, Prespacetime Journal 2(5), pp.733-736 (May 2011)
In my recent paper [1] published by Prespacetime Journal I discussed
certain consequences of the entropy formula presented by A.W. Beckwith
and his coauthors [2]. The main result of the deductions were bonons and the
inflaton constant. However, I now consider the Beckwith entropy formula
to be wrong, and deductions based on this relation can therefore be at most
half-true. In this brief paper the right way to deduce the entropy formula is
concisely discussed, the results obtained previously are revised, and certain
new results are presented.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[386] viXra:1105.0032 [pdf] submitted on 22 May 2011
Authors: Mauro Lacy
Comments: 4 pages
An experiment devised to detect absolute motion.
Quantum entanglement proposed as a means to avoid the clock synchronization problem.
Consequences of detecting absolute movement. Philosophy of science.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[385] viXra:1105.0031 [pdf] submitted on 22 May 2011
Authors: Michael Harney
Comments: 4 pages
Explanation of The GZK Limit Based on the WSM Model of SRT
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[384] viXra:1105.0028 [pdf] submitted on 18 May 2011
Authors: F Winterberg
Comments: 9 pages, submitted to Physical Review D, comments and criticisms are welcome
The failure by the large hadron collider to detect supersymmetry and the Higgs particle, suggests
to replace supersymmetry with another fundamental symmetry, for example the symmetry of the
Planck mass plasma where the vacuum is made up by an equal number of positive and negative
Planck mass particles. The Planck mass plasma has for each mass component a phonon-roton
spectrum and it can explain the observed small positive cosmological constant. The masses of
the elementary particles are here explained by the gravitational field energy of pole-dipole
particles, which explain Dirac spinors as composed from gravitationally interacting positive and
negative masses.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[383] viXra:1105.0019 [pdf] submitted on 14 May 2011
Authors: Demjanov V.V.
Comments: 18 pages.
In the present report I analyze interesting experimental results of laboratory measurements of
the speed of aether wind recently (2009) obtained by Dutch researcher V.Haan at Michelson-type
interferometer based on fiber optic waveguides transmitting the light with wavelength ~1 μm.
Because of a wrong interpretation of his measurements, those proposed at days of Miller (1933)
and Shamir&Fox (1968), V.Haan, proceeding from a reliably measured shift of the interference
fringe registered by modern phasometric electronics, 40 times underestimated the speed of aether
wind (7 km/s), i.e. obtained the same estimations as was earlier reported by Michelson, Miller,
Shamir&Foxs and others who also incorrectly interpreted their data. Now I critically discuss the
errors of interpretation of the experiment by V.Haan. I show that really he measured the speed of
aether wind several hundred km/s. Some proposals are made of modernization of the construction
of fiber optics interferometer capable to raise about 5 times the ratio signal/noise in the device.
Thus the resolution by the phase shift can be obtained not less than 0.005 of the fringe width.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[382] viXra:1105.0017 [pdf] submitted on 13 May 2011
Authors: A. Beckwith
Comments: 11 pages. Source material for rencontres de blois contribution. Either as poster, if
that is what the author is allowed, or as material for the power point for a talk. 11 pages, four
tables, one figure. Represents how octionic gravity is built upon a foundation of t'Hooft
"deterministic quantum mechanics' , which the author asserts came from a multi verse feed in ,
as an extension of a suggestion the author saw Penrose make in 2007 in the inagural meeting of
the Penn state cosmology center.
Our contention, is that reality is actually analog, but that at a critical limit, as when the Octonian gravity
condition kicks in, that for a time it appears discrete. This due to al phase transition at the start of the big
bang. Our second consideration is, that symmetry breaking models, i.e. the Higgs boson are not necessary
for the formation of particles with mass just before Octonionic gravity, arise in pre Planckian physics
models without a potential. Finally, the necessity of potentials for pre Octonionic gravity physics can be
circumvented via Sherrer k essence physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[381] viXra:1104.0088 [pdf] submitted on 29 Apr 2011
Authors: Michael Harney
Comments: 4 pages
The SRT frequency shift, time dilation and energy equivalence formulas are
derived from wave structure of matter concepts. The derivation shown removes Einstein's
requirement for the constancy of the speed of light between reference frames, which is not
necessary in producing the results of the Lorentz transforms. Also, the photon is revealed
to be the interaction between two electron wave centers, not a separate particle, showing a
preference for Tetrode's concept of a photon.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[380] viXra:1104.0087 [pdf] submitted on 29 Apr 2011
Authors: Michael Harney
Comments: 9 pages
The cosmological redshift is described by the intersection of
two Hubble spheres, where a Hubble sphere is defined as a
range over which spherical, quantum-waves interact,
specifically Ru = 1.9 x 1026 m.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[379] viXra:1104.0063 [pdf] submitted on 21 Apr 2011
Authors: Michael J Savins
Comments: 13 pages.
The second law of thermodynamics is an expression of the universal principle of
decay observable in nature. Time is a measure by which things happen, the yardstick
of causality and is a fundamental property of the universe. We can deduce from
E = mc2 it is mass that gives an arrow to time and energy that
gives it a rate of flow. The rate of flow of time is the square root of the energy
of the universe divided by its mass (matter less antimatter). As mass is responsible
for gravity, it can be re written as the rate of flow of time is the square root of
the energy of the universe divided by its gravity. The rate of flow of time whilst
being an average for the universe can vary locally. Time is the notches on the
yardstick of entropy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[378] viXra:1104.0050 [pdf] submitted on 17 Apr 2011
Authors: Bertrand Wong
Comments: 5 pages.
Time is actually an abstract entity which became part of Special Relativity. There has in fact been
postulation that time is unreal but just an invention of the intellect. Whether time is an invention or
actually real, it cannot be denied that it plays a very important role in our lives, e.g., without a watch
to tell us the time practically all of us would be lost in time. This paper takes a look at the
philosophical ramifications and difficulties of time, as well as time-travel, and clarifies things.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[377] viXra:1104.0049 [pdf] submitted on 17 Apr 2011
Authors: Bertrand Wong
Comments: 5 pages.
Newton accidentally discovered gravity after observing an apple
falling from a tree. What exactly is gravity? This paper takes a
look at gravity, which evidently remains a subject of mystery.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[376] viXra:1104.0045 [pdf] submitted on 14 Apr 2011
Authors: Armando V. D. B. Assis
Comments: 6 pages. This paper is reviewed and accepted for publication in Progress in Physics.
We solve the general relativity (GR) field equations under the cosmological scope via one extra postulate. The plausibility of the postulate resides within the Heisenberg indeterminacy principle, being heuristically analysed throughout the appendix. Under this approach, a negative energy density may provide the positive energy content of the universe via fluctuation, since the question of conservation of energy in cosmology is weakened, supported by the known lack of scope of the Noether's theorem in cosmology. The initial condition of the primordial universe turns out to have a natural cutoff such that the temperature of the cosmological substratum converges to the absolute zero, instead of the stablished divergence at the very beginning. The adopted postulate provides an explanation for
the cosmological dark energy open question. The solution agrees with cosmological observations,
including a 2.7K CMBT prediction.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[375] viXra:1104.0041 [pdf] submitted on 12 Apr 2011
Authors: Michael J Savins
Comments: 4 pages.
The galaxy rotation problem is the discrepancy between the observed rotation speeds of
matter in the disk portions of spiral galaxies and the predictions of Newtonian
dynamics considering the known mass. However, gravitational time dilation from the
outside in allows galaxies and the space they each occupy to rotate as one.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[374] viXra:1104.0036 [pdf] submitted on 8 Apr 2011
Authors: Cameron Rout, Bruce Rout
Comments: 28 pages. This submission is a revised version of the paper appearing in the Proceedings of the 2011 Western Conference of the Society of Amateur Radio Astronomers.
This paper presents an analytical solution to the geometry of large rotating
systems which reconciles the peculiar rotation profiles of distant galaxies with Einstein's
principle of General Relativity. The resulting mathematical solution shows that large
rotating systems are distorted in the space of a non-rotating observer into a spiral
pattern with tangential velocities that behave in agreement with those observed in distant
galaxies. This paper also demonstrates how the scale of the spiral structure of rotating
systems can be used to determine its distance from the observer. The authors' proposed
equations for the rotation profile and the distance measure are compared with
the observed rotation profiles and Cepheid distance measurements of several galaxies
with strong agreement. A formal error analysis is not included however the authors
suggest a method for better qualifying the accuracy of the theorums.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[373] viXra:1104.0033 [pdf] submitted on 7 Apr 2011
Authors: Hamid Reza Karimi
Comments: 2 pages.
This paper is using the theory of quantized time - length and a new model of
internal structure of elementary particles by my expression [1] to solve Einstein twin's
paradox.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[372] viXra:1103.0111 [pdf] submitted on 28 Mar 2011
Authors: Somnath Mukherjee
Comments: 11 pages
It has by now established that the universe consists
of roughly 25 percent dark matter and 70 percent
dark energy. Parametric lagrangian from an
exact k-essence lagrangian is studied of an unified
dark matter and dark energy model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[371] viXra:1103.0109 [pdf] submitted on 26 Mar 2011
Authors: Sergey G. Fedosin
Comments: 14 pages. This is the English version.
The axiomatization of general theory of relativity (GR) is done. Axioms of GR are compared with the
axioms of the metric theory of relativity and the covariant theory of gravitation. The need to use the
covariant form of total derivative with respect to proper time of the invariant quantities, the 4-vectors
and tensors is indicated. The definition of the 4-vector force density in a Riemannian spacetime is
deduced.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[370] viXra:1103.0108 [pdf] submitted on 27 Mar 2011
Authors: Udrea Sergiu
Comments: 7 pages.
Light as a wave needs a medium of propagation. The ether is the medium through
which propagate light waves. Light shows a surprising number of properties that
were difficult to explain relatively to the ether, but which must appear as naturals,
a normal result of the properties of ether. The ether must support the phenomena
related to light, particles and their interactions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[369] viXra:1103.0104 [pdf] submitted on 25 Mar 2011
Authors: Rainer W. Kühne
Comments: 26 pages.
I present a generalization of quantum electrodynamics which includes Dirac
magnetic monopoles and the Salam magnetic photon. This quantum electromagnetodynamics
has many attractive features. (1) It explains the quantization
of electric charge. (2) It describes symmetrized Maxwell equations. (3) It is
manifestly covariant. (4) It describes local four-potentials. (5) It avoids the unphysical
Dirac string. (6) It predicts a second kind of electromagnetic radiation
which can be verified by a tabletop experiment. An effect of this radiation may
have been observed by August Kundt in 1885. Furthermore I discuss a generalization
of General Relativity which includes Cartan's torsion. I discuss the
mathematical definition, concrete description, and physical meaning of Cartan's
torsion. I argue that the electric-magnetic duality of quantum electromagnetodynamics
is analogous to the spin-mass duality of Einstein-Cartan theory. A
quantum version of this theory requires that the torsion tensor corresponds to
a spin-3 boson called tordion which is shown to have a rest mass close to the
Planck mass. Moreover I present an empirically satisfied fundamental equation
of unified field theory which includes the fundamental constants of electromagnetism
and gravity. I conclude with the remark that the concepts presented
here require neither Grand Unification nor supersymmetry.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[368] viXra:1103.0103 [pdf] submitted on 25 Mar 2011
Authors: Michael J Savins
Comments: 1 pages.
Could the Pioneer anomaly be caused by the gravity of our solar system causing a local
time dilation. As Pioneer leaves the solar system the rate of flow of time is increasing
causing a relative doppler blue shift. In other words the red shift isn't as far red shifted as
predicted. The craft is where it is supposed to be, it just appears to be closer to us than it
is. This seems to be the simplest answer and one that should be expected.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[367] viXra:1103.0102 [pdf] submitted on 25 Mar 2011
Authors: Michael J Savins
Comments: 20 pages.
Much knowledge has been discovered about the Universe and is readily available. The Phoenix
Theory attempts to re-interpret it in a simple and intuitive manner that better fits what we see.
The Phoenix theory builds upon Einstein's theories of Relativity and General Relativity. His
simple equation E = mc2 explains a lot more about the universe than it has been credited with.
This theory fills in many of the missing details and attempts to complete the picture.
Everything in the universe is made of energy. This theory attempts to explain the relationship
between mass, energy and time in a cyclic universe, matter, antimatter ad infinitum.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[366] viXra:1103.0097 [pdf] submitted on 23 Mar 2011
Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 11 pages.
FUNCTION FOLLOWS FORM in Quantum FFF THEORY.
The FORM and MICROSTRUCTURE of elementary particles, is supposed to be the origin of
FUNCTIONAL differences between Higgs- Graviton- Photon- and Fermion particles. As a
consequence, a NEW splitting, accelerating and pairing MASSLESS BLACK HOLE, able to
convert vacuum energy (ZPE) into real energy by entropy decrease, seems to be able to
explain quick Galaxy- and Star formation, down to Sunspots, Comets and even Ball
Lightning.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[365] viXra:1103.0096 [pdf] submitted on 23 Mar 2011
Authors: Dimitar Valev
Comments: 8 pages.
Three new mass dimension quantities i m have been derived by dimensional analysis, in
addition to the Planck mass ...(see paper)
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[364] viXra:1103.0088 [pdf] submitted on 23 Mar 2011
Authors: Stephan J. G. Gift
Comments: 8 pages.
The one-way speed of light relative to a moving observer is determined using
the range measurement equation of the Global Positioning System. This equation has
been rigorously tested and verified in the Earth-Centred Inertial frame where light signals
propagate in straight lines at constant speed c. The result is a simple demonstration of
light speed anisotropy that is consistent with light speed anisotropy detected in other
experiments and inconsistent with the principle of light speed constancy. This light speed
anisotropy was not observed before because there has been no direct one-way
measurement of light speed relative to a moving observer.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[363] viXra:1103.0087 [pdf] submitted on 22 Mar 2011
Authors: Fernando Loup
Comments: 15 pages.
Warp Drives are solutions of the Einstein Field Equations that allows Superluminal Travel within
the framework of General Relativity. There are at the present moment two known solutions: The
Alcubierre Warp Drive discovered in 1994 and the Natario Warp Drive discovered in 2001. However
as stated by both Alcubierre and Natario themselves the Warp Drive violates all the known energy
conditions because the stress energy momentum tensor(the right side of the Einstein Field Equations)
for the Einstein tensor G00 is negative implying in a negative energy density. While from a classical
point of view the negative energy is forbidden the quantum theory allows the existence of very small
amounts of it being the Casimir effect a good example as stated by Alcubierre himself. But the stress
energy momentum tensor of both Alcubierre and Natario Warp Drives have the speed of the ship raised
to the square inside its mathematical structure which means to say that as fast the ship goes by then
more and more amounts of negative energy are needed in order to maintain the Warp Drive. Since the
total energy requirements to maintain the Warp Drive are enormous and since quantum theory only
allows small amounts of it,many authors regarded the Warp Drive as unphysical and impossible to be
achieved. We compute the negative energy density requirements for a Warp Bubble with a radius of
100 meters(large enough to contain a ship) moving with a speed of 200 times light speed(fast enough to
reach stars at 20 light-years away in months not in years)and we verify that the negative energy density
requirements are of about 1045 times the positive energy density of Earth!!!(We multiply the mass of
Earth by c2 and divide by Earth volume for a radius of 6300km). However both Alcubierre and Natario
Warp Drives as members of the same family of the Einstein Field Equations requires the so-called Shape
Functions in order to be mathematically defined. We present in this work two new Shape Functions one
for the Alcubierre and another for the NatarioWarp Drive Spacetimes that allows arbitrary Superluminal
speeds while keeping the negative energy density at "low" and "affordable" levels. We do not violate any
known law of quantum physics and we maintain the original geometries of both Alcubierre and Natario
Warp Drive Spacetimes.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[362] viXra:1103.0074 [pdf] submitted on 17 Mar 2011
Authors: Jorge de Sousa e Meneses
Comments: 6 pages
It is accepted from the beginning that nothing can escape from the Universe and a distance is
found at which the expansion and compression of the space around a mass are in equilibrium. With
this in mind the density of the space is calculated. The value obtained matches the value obtained
experimentally by measuring cosmologic redshifts.
Applying this concept to the mass of the Universe a second equation is found. This equation,
together with the first one, allows the age of the Universe to be calculated and a value is found
which is between the normally accepted limits. The same equations allow the deduction of the
density equation calculated by Milne and the relativistic equation deduced by Friedmann. Finally,
with these equations, the relation between the mass of the Universe, the speed of light and the
universal constant of gravitation is found. This relation indicates possibly new areas of investigation
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[361] viXra:1103.0067 [pdf] submitted on 16 Mar 2011
Authors: A. Beckwith
Comments: 15 pages, 3 tables, two figures.; Has arguments in simplified form as to what will be brought up for
presentation by the author in rencontres de Moriond, in a GW symposium
We examine whether gravitational waves would be generated during the initial phase, δ0 of the
universe when triggered by changes in space-time geometry; i.e. We hope to find traces of the breakdown
of the Entropy/QM space-time regime during δ0. In particular, we look at if higher dimensions affect the
relative strength of ΩGW , and comment as to how this magnitude may affect opportunities for detection of
GW from relic sources. In particular, we will explain the reason why GW O of the pre big bang model
is so strong, up to 10 to the - 6 power, while the ΩGW of ordinary inflation is so weak. In relic
conditions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[360] viXra:1103.0061 [pdf] submitted on 14 Mar 2011
Authors: John R. McWhinnie
Comments: 14 pages
This paper shows that the theory that we know as the Theory
Of Relativity is more accurately described as A Theory Of Information. Explained
from an informational perspective and the conclusions that its author,
Albert Einstein came to, come into question through the natural viewpoint
as the entire theory being simply about the transfer of information between
informational systems.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[359] viXra:1103.0060 [pdf] submitted on 14 Mar 2011
Authors: Javier Bootello
Comments: 7 pages
The solution to the unexplained anomalous precession of the perihelion of
Mercury, was the first success of GR (Einstein 1915), event which is near to
reach its first centenary. We propose in this paper, to update the classic test of
relativity, studying the gradual progression of one-orbit precession, not only in
its perihelion, but also along a complete trajectory around the Sun. Just to
underline GR results, we have confronted it with other virtual and
mathematical potentials which, leading to an identical secular advance of the
perihelion, offer different equations of motion with only theoretical meaning.
Spacecraft Messenger will begin to orbit Mercury next March 18, and during
twelve months, both will make 4.2 revolutions around the Sun. That event
should afterwards allow us, to measure and draw accurately, the geometry of
the whole geodesic orbit as an open free-fall path, isolated from other planets
gravitational interference. This update must verify the GR issues with modern
standards, throughout an accessible test to perform, with clear results, unlike a
complex test, expensive and with uncertain conclusions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[358] viXra:1103.0057 [pdf] submitted on 14 Mar 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 6 pages
Careful reading of the reported geometry of Einstein's gravitational field reveals
that the physicists have committed fatal errors in the elementary differential
geometry of a pseudo-Riemannian metric manifold. These elementary
errors in mathematics invalidate much of the reported physics of Einstein's
gravitational field. The consequences for astrophysical theory are significant.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[357] viXra:1103.0056 [pdf] submitted on 14 Mar 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 15 pages
The notion of black holes voraciously gobbling up matter, twisting spacetime
into contortions that trap light, stretching the unwary into long spaghetti-like
strands as they fall inward to ultimately collide and merge with an infinitely
dense point-mass singularity, has become a mantra of the astrophysical community.
There are almost daily reports of scientists claiming that they have again
found black holes again here and there. It is asserted that black holes range in
size from micro to mini, to intermediate and on up through to supermassive behemoths
and it is accepted as scientific fact that they have been detected at the
centres of galaxies. Images of black holes interacting with surrounding matter
are routinely included with reports of them. Some physicists even claim that
black holes will be created in particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron
Collider, potentially able to swallow the Earth, if care is not taken in their production.
Yet contrary to the assertions of the astronomers and astrophysicists
of the black hole community, nobody has ever found a black hole, anywhere, let
alone imaged one. The pictures adduced to convince are actually either artistic
impressions (i.e. drawings) or photos of otherwise unidentified objects imaged
by telescopes and merely asserted to be due to black holes, ad hoc.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[356] viXra:1103.0055 [pdf] submitted on 14 Mar 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 2 pages
Using a manifold with boundary various line-elements have been proposed as solutions
to Einstein's gravitational field. It is from such line-elements that black holes,
expansion of the Universe, and big bang cosmology have been alleged. However, it
has been proved that black holes, expansion of the Universe, and big bang cosmology
are not consistent with General Relativity. In a previous paper disproving the black
hole theory, the writer made an error which, although minor and having no effect on
the conclusion that black holes are inconsistent with General Relativity, is corrected
herein for the record.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[355] viXra:1103.0054 [pdf] submitted on 14 Mar 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 4 pages
The alleged existence of so-called Planck particles is examined. The various methods
for deriving the properties of these "particles" are examined and it is shown that their
existence as genuine physical particles is based on a number of conceptual flaws which
serve to render the concept invalid.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[354] viXra:1103.0053 [pdf] submitted on 14 Mar 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 6 pages
It is demonstrated herein that:-
1. The quantity 'r' appearing in the so-called "Schwarzschild solution" is
neither a distance nor a geodesic radius in the manifold but is in fact the
inverse square root of the Gaussian curvature of the spatial section and
does not generally determine the geodesic radial distance (the proper radius)
from the arbitrary point at the centre of the spherically symmetric
metric manifold.
2. The Theory of Relativity forbids the existence of point-mass singularities
because they imply infinite energies (or equivalently, that a material
body can acquire the speed of light in vacuo);
3. Ric=Rμν =0 violates Einstein's 'Principle of Equivalence' and so does
not describe Einstein's gravitational field;
4. Einstein's conceptions of the conservation and localisation of gravitational
energy are invalid;
5. The concepts of black holes and their interactions are ill-conceived;
6. The FRW line-element actually implies an open, infinite Universe in
both time and space, thereby invalidating the Big Bang cosmology.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[353] viXra:1103.0052 [pdf] submitted on 14 Mar 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 12 pages
The so-called 'Schwarzschild solution' is not Schwarzschild's solution,
but a corruption of the Schwarzschild/Droste solution due to David
Hilbert (December 1916), wherein m is allegedly the mass of the source
of the alleged associated gravitational field and the quantity r is alleged
to be able to go down to zero (although no proof of this claim
has ever been advanced), so that there are two alleged 'singularities',
one at r=2m and another at r=0. It is routinely alleged that r=2m
is a 'coordinate' or 'removable' singularity which denotes the so-called
'Schwarzschild radius' (event horizon) and that the 'physical' singularity
is at r=0. The quantity r in the usual metric has never been
rightly identified by the physicists, who effectively treat it as a radial
distance from the alleged source of the gravitational field at the origin
of coordinates. The consequence of this is that the intrinsic geometry
of the metric manifold has been violated in the procedures applied to
the associated metric by which the black hole has been generated. It is
easily proven that the said quantity r is in fact the inverse square root
of the Gaussian curvature of a spherically symmetric geodesic surface
in the spatial section of Schwarzschild spacetime and so does not denote
radial distance in the Schwarzschild manifold. With the correct identification
of the associated Gaussian curvature it is also easily proven
that there is only one singularity associated with all Schwarzschild metrics,
of which there is an infinite number that are equivalent. Thus, the
standard removal of the singularity at r=2m is actually a removal of
the wrong singularity, very simply demonstrated herein.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[352] viXra:1103.0051 [pdf] submitted on 14 Mar 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 27 pages
The so-called 'Schwarzschild solution' is not Schwarzschild's solution, but a corruption,
due to David Hilbert (December 1916), of the Schwarzschild/Droste solution,
wherein m is allegedly the mass of the source of a gravitational field and the quantity
r is alleged to be able to go down to zero (although no proof of this claim has
ever been advanced), so that there are two alleged 'singularities', one at r=2m and
another at r=0. It is routinely asserted that r=2m is a 'coordinate' or 'removable'
singularity which denotes the so-called 'Schwarzschild radius' (event horizon) and that
the 'physical' singularity is at r=0. The quantity r in the so-called 'Schwarzschild
solution' has never been rightly identified by the physicists, who, although proposing
many and varied concepts for what r therein denotes, effectively treat it as a radial
distance from the claimed source of the gravitational field at the origin of coordinates.
The consequence of this is that the intrinsic geometry of the metric manifold
has been violated. It is easily proven that the said quantity r is in fact the inverse
square root of the Gaussian curvature of a spherically symmetric geodesic surface in
the spatial section of the 'Schwarzschild solution' and so does not in itself define any
distance whatsoever in that manifold. With the correct identification of the associated
Gaussian curvature it is also easily proven that there is only one singularity
associated with all Schwarzschild metrics, of which there is an infinite number that
are equivalent. Thus, the standard removal of the singularity at r=2m is, in a very
real sense, removal of the wrong singularity, very simply demonstrated herein. This
has major implications for the localisation of gravitational energy i.e. gravitational
waves.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[351] viXra:1103.0050 [pdf] submitted on 14 Mar 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 4 pages
The proponents of the black hole make much fanfare of the quantity r that appears in
the so-called "Schwarzschild solution". They treat this issue with complicated
mathematics and thereby confuse those not versed in the relevant mathematics. They
routinely claim that this r is the radius, one way or another. However, this is false
because it is not even a distance in "Schwarzschild" spacetime since it is easily
proven that it strictly plays the role of the inverse square root of the Gaussian
curvature of the spherically symmetric geodesic surface in the spatial section of
"Schwarzschild" spacetime and so does not itself denote any distance whatsoever in
"Schwarzschild" spacetime. Now one does not even need to understand the abstruse
mathematics surrounding this issue to see that the black hole is invalid, making this
complicated mathematical matter irrelevant, as I now show.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[350] viXra:1103.0049 [pdf] submitted on 14 Mar 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 8 pages
All arguments for the black hole are based upon the same fundamental idea in that they
conceive of a region that in actual fact does not exist. This fictitious region the relativists call
the 'interior', i.e. the region they think is contained by their a spherically symmetric surface
they call the 'event horizon'. But there is no such region. The notion comes from a failure to
recognise that the centre of spherical symmetry of the problem at hand is not located where
they think it is, at their r = 0. I shall discuss this now in more detail.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[349] viXra:1103.0048 [pdf] submitted on 14 Mar 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 5 pages
It is claimed that the LIGO and LISA projects will detect Einstein's gravitational waves. The
existence of these waves is entirely theoretical. Over the past forty years or so no Einstein
gravitational waves have been detected. How long must the search go on, at great expense to
the public purse, before the astrophysical scientists admit that their search is fruitless and a
waste of vast sums of public money? The fact is, from day one, the search for these elusive
waves has been destined to detect nothing. Here are some reasons why.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[348] viXra:1103.0047 [pdf] submitted on 14 Mar 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 6 pages
It is often claimed that cosmology became a true scientific inquiry with the advent of
the General Theory of Relativity. A few subsequent putative observations have been
misconstrued in such a way as to support the prevailing Big Bang model by which the
Universe is alleged to have burst into existence from an infinitely dense point-mass
singularity. Yet it can be shown that the General Theory of Relativity and the Big
Bang model are in conflict with well-established experimental facts.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[347] viXra:1103.0046 [pdf] submitted on 14 Mar 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 13 pages
The physicists have misinterpreted the quantity 'r' appearing in the socalled
"Schwarzschild solution" as it is neither a distance nor a geodesic
radius but is in fact the inverse square root of the Gaussian curvature
of a spherically symmetric geodesic surface in the spatial section of
the Schwarzschild manifold, and so it does not directly determine any
distance at all in the Schwarzschild manifold - in other words, it determines
the Gaussian curvature at any point in a spherically symmetric
geodesic surface in the spatial section of the manifold. The concept of
the black hole is consequently invalid. It is also shown herein that the
Theory of Relativity forbids the existence of point-mass singularities
because they imply infinite energies (or equivalently, that a material
body can acquire the speed of light in vacuo), and so the black hole
is forbidden by the Theory of Relativity. That Ric=Rμν = 0 violates
Einstein's 'Principle of Equivalence' and so does not describe Einstein's
gravitational field, is demonstrated. It immediately follows that Einstein's
conceptions of the conservation and localisation of gravitational
energy are invalid - the General Theory of Relativity violates the usual
conservation of energy and momentum.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[346] viXra:1103.0045 [pdf] submitted on 14 Mar 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 5 pages
The notion of black holes voraciously gobbling up matter, twisting spacetime into
contortions that trap light, stretching the unwary into long spaghetti-like strands as they
fall inward to ultimately collide and merge with an infinitely dense point-mass
singularity, has become a mantra of the astrophysical community, so much so that even
primary-school children know about the sinister black hole, waiting patiently, like the
Roman child's Hannibal, for an opportunity to abduct the unruly and the misbehaved.
There are almost daily reports of scientists claiming that they have again found black
holes again here and there. It is asserted that black holes range in size from micro to mini,
to intermediate and on up through to supermassive behemoths. Black holes are glibly
spoken of and accepted as scientific facts and it is routinely claimed that they have been
detected at the centres of galaxies. Images of black holes having their wicked ways with
surrounding matter are routinely included with reports of them. Some physicists even
claim that black holes will be created in particle accelerators, such as the Large Hadron
Collider, potentially able to swallow the Earth, if care is not taken in their production. Yet
despite all this hoopla, contrary to the assertions of the astronomers and astrophysicists of
the black hole community, nobody has ever found a black hole, anywhere, let alone
'imaged' one. The pictures adduced to convince are actually either artistic impressions
(i.e. drawings) or photos of otherwise unidentified objects imaged by telescopes and
merely asserted to be due to black holes, ad hoc.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[345] viXra:1103.0044 [pdf] submitted on 14 Mar 2011
Authors: A. Beckwith
Comments: 12 pages, one figure, three tables. Predictions of page 8 will be proved rigorously in the near future.
We examine whether gravitational waves would be generated during the initial phase,
of the universe when triggered by changes in spacetime geometry; i.e. We hope to find
traces of the breakdown of the Entropy/QM spacetime regime during initial phase change
induced by the geometry of space time alterations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[344] viXra:1103.0037 [pdf] submitted on 12 Mar 2011
Authors: Constantinos Ragazas
Comments: 3 pages
In this short note we mathematically prove that if we assume that
the speed of light is constant, then light propagates as a wave.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[343] viXra:1103.0033 [pdf] submitted on 11 Mar 2011
Authors: A. Beckwith
Comments: 22 pages, three figures, 4 tables. Provides foundations of GW astronomy as being developed by Chonqujing University department of physics
We ask if Octonionic quantum gravity [1] is a relevant consideration near the
Planck scale. Furthermore, we examine whether gravitational waves would be
generated during the initial phase, and look into multiple universe generation.
And an Ergodic mapping which may allow multiple universe embedding of Octonionic
gravity as a starting point to inflation
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[342] viXra:1103.0023 [pdf] submitted on 9 Mar 2011
Authors: Andrew Walcott Beckwith
Comments:
6 pages, one table. An entry into the 11 DSTA conference, in Lotz, Poland, in December 5-8, 2011m
put in to facilitate mathematical development and continuation/ improvement of a suggestion brought
up by Dr. R. Penrose which the author was
priviliged to attend in summer , 2007, at the inagural opening of the new Penn State gravitational
physics center.
We present how a Gaussian mapping, combined with what we hope to turn
into a strange attractor for re cycling prior universe matter-energy may enable
quantum gravity to form. And embed it in a larger- non linear theory. The key
development to be worked upon would be turning into a strange attractor the
supposition R. Penrose made as to re cycling the 'history' of the universe without the
necessity of a 'big crunch', i.e. a contracting universe. The nature of the attractor
would be instrumental in helping us come up with conditions enabling the evolution
of pre Planckian embedding of non linear ' analog reality' ( 'classical' ) physics
meshing into, with an increase in degrees of freedom into 'digital reality' ( 'quantum
mechanics') and de facto quantum gravity , at the start of Planckian space time. This
Planckian space time would mark the beginning of inflation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[341] viXra:1103.0020 [pdf] submitted on 7 Mar 2011
Authors: A. Beckwith
Comments:
11 pages, 3 tables. Submitted by invitation to Advances in Astronomy. Coverse material part of presentation for
This document will briefly outline some of the issues pertinent to early inflation and how it affects both
strain readings for a GW detector, GW wave lengths, the number of gravitons which may be collected per
phase space, among other issues. Different inflation models will also be briefly alluded to.explain in part
what may be happening, as far as rates of alternations of wavelengths of GW 's from their genesis in terms
of pre inflation to inflationary generation. We also mention a standard as far as GW measurement and how
the 'metric' of measurement varies between the different models To summarize we state that the best
chances for relic GW measurements are ΩGW ~ 106 are in the 1Hz < f < 10 GHz range. This
according to the pre big bang models, and the QIM model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[340] viXra:1103.0019 [pdf] submitted on 7 Mar 2011
Authors: A. Beckwith
Comments:
15 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Advances in Astronomy
The case for a four dimensional graviton mass (non zero) influencing reacceleration of the universe
in five dimensions is stated, with particular emphasis upon if five dimensional geometries as given
below give us new physical insight as to cosmological evolution. One noticeable datum, that a
calculated inflaton φ (t) may partly re-emerge after fading out in the aftermath of inflation. The
inflaton may be a contributing factor to, with non zero graviton mass, in re acceleration of the
universe a billion years ago. Many theorists assume that the inflaton is the source of entropy. The
inflaton also may be the source of re acceleration of the universe, especially if the effects of a re
emergent inflaton are in tandem with the appearance of macro effects of a small graviton mass,
leading to a speed up of the rate of expansion of the universe one billion years ago, at red shift value
of Z ~ .423. The key formula, for joint DM-DE shows up in terms of deceleration parameter, Q(z).
The choice of the DM-DE eqn. may eventually illuminate how early BBN may affect the formation
of low levels of lithium for early star formation which we reference toward the end of this document.
We also discuss what is necessary for not only proper BBN, but also to the implications for 'atoms'
of space time congruent with relic GW production, i.e. the thermodynamics of emergent structure.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[339] viXra:1103.0013 [pdf] submitted on 3 Mar 2011
Authors: Nikiforos A. Sideris
Comments:
137 pages.
The first Edition of this work was published as a book in English under the
title "THE FIRST 10-35 SECONDS" (ISBN: 960-630-425-6) in Athens on 2005.
The circulation of this book however was restricted mainly in the little community
of the Greek physicists. Thanks to the very smart development of the viXra.org. I
considered that it would be good to present it to the wide International Physics
Community in electronic form since the ideas and findings from my work bring new
information in the sectors of Elementary Particle Physics and in Cosmology. Some of
these new results are based on other works of mine that have already been published
mainly in the international journal Physics Essays and also in my new book published
in Greek under the title "The Machinary of Newtonian Gravitation and the fallacies of
General Relativity" (ISBN: 978-960-8160-49-1). I hope that for many physicists will be
useful to be informed that to many as yet unsolved problems of physics, this presentation
will give answers that may be discussed. I thank in advance and I congratulate the viXra.
organization for their contribution to transfer to the physics community new ideas that
perhaps, to my opinion, will bring a little restlessness to some of the top leading minds
of the contemporary physics. Perhaps this is one of the reasons that new ideas are
prevented to be exposed by some of the top journals on physics. But the ancient Greeks
had a proverb: Nothing can be hidden under the Sun.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[338] viXra:1103.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2 Mar 2011
Authors: Bertrand Wong
Comments:
4 pages.
A theory of everything , or, grand unified theory (which Einstein had been working on
without success, with Superstring Theory now being a good candidate), is one which unites
all the forces of nature, viz., gravity, electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force and the
weak nuclear force. Important as this theory might be, it is lacking in one important
fundamental aspect, viz., the role of consciousness, which could in fact be considered the
most fundamental aspect of physics. This paper explains that a theory of consciousness is
more important than a theory of everything or grand unified theory and should be the
theory of everything instead, or, at least, a part of the theory of everything.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[337] viXra:1102.0056 [pdf] submitted on 28 Feb 2011
Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments:
7 pages.
According to Einstein's relativity theory, is the speed of light for every observer the same in
all reference frames.
However, there seem to be tiny differences in the lightspeed if we observe the outliers of
satellite to satellite distance measurements.
At the same time we found tiny structural irregularities in Planetary radar-pulse reflection
measurements, made by I.I. Shapiro in 1964, between the Earth and Venus and Mercury.
Both observations support the idea of the existence of ellipsoidal lightspeed extinction
volumes around massive objects like the earth.
As a consequence we propose new lightspeed experiments between the earth and dual
satellites or dual balloons and even in the laboratory to support these lightspeed extinction
ideas.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[336] viXra:1102.0044 [pdf] submitted on 23 Feb 2011
Authors: Ron Bourgoin
Comments:
2 pages.
It is a surprise to learn that free-fall acceleration
in the space of the earth actually indicates that the
speed of light in earth's space is reduced. We
calculate the indicated reduction.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[335] viXra:1102.0039 [pdf] submitted on 22 Feb 2011
Authors: A. Beckwith
Comments:
17 pages, one table. Attempt to start preparing for bridge to actual experimental measurements. Based upon
some structural considerations as far as space time geometry.
We introduce a criterion as to the range of HFGW generated by early universe conditions. The 1 to 10
Giga Hertz range is constructed initially starting with what Grupen writes as far as what to expect of GW
frequencies which can be detected assuming a sensitivity of h ~ 10-27 . From there we examine the
implications of an earlier Hubble parameter at the start of inflation , and a phase transition treatment of
pre to post Planckian inflaton physics. We close with an analysis of how gravitational constant G may vary
with time , the tie in with the NEC condition and how to select a range of relic GW frequencies.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[334] viXra:1102.0030 [pdf] submitted on 18 Feb 2011
Authors: A. Beckwith
Comments:
17 pages.
The universe is now dominated by DE leading to renewed acceleration, so what we can do is to examine
how DE arose in the first place, and what role cosmologies not obeying the null energy condition play in
terms of facilitating information exchange from a prior to the present universe. So how do we test for this,
and what are the data collection protocols? Based upon a Rencontres De Moriond, 2008 article, we
present a glimpse as to how to ascertain data collection procedures via inputs into a spectral index model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[333] viXra:1102.0025 [pdf] submitted on 16 Feb 2011
Authors: A. Beckwith
Comments:
19 pages, one figure one table. Two themes. First that Octonionic gravity breaks down
Our contention, is that reality is actually analog, but that at a critical limit, as when the Octonian gravity
condition kicks in, that for a time it is made to appear discrete. This due to an initial phase transition just at
the start of the big bang. Our second consideration is, that symmetry breaking models, i.e. the Higgs boson
are in themselves not appropriate or necessary for the formation of particles with mass just before
Octonionic gravity which could arise in pre Planckian physics models without a potential. Also the
necessity of potentials for pre Octonionic gravity physics can be circumvented via judicious use of Sherrer
k essence physics The universe is now dominated by DE leading to renewed acceleration, so what we can
do is to examine how DE arose in the first place, and what role cosmologies not obeying the null energy
condition play in terms of facilitating information exchange from a prior to the present universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[332] viXra:1102.0020 [pdf] submitted on 13 Feb 2011
Authors: A. Beckwith
Comments:
14 pages, one table, one figure. This is the complete article. Sent to Pre space time, for article processing
if the FQXi entry does not get a prize.
Our contention, is that reality is actually analog, but that at a critical limit, as when the Octonian gravity
condition kicks in, that for a time it is made to appear discrete. This due to an initial phase transition just at
the start of the big bang. Our second consideration is, that symmetry breaking models, i.e. the Higgs boson
are in themselves not appropriate or necessary for the formation of particles with mass just before
Octonionic gravity which could arise in pre Planckian physics models without a potential. Finally, that the
necessity of potentials for pre Octonionic gravity physics can be circumvented via judicious use of Sherrer
k essence physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[331] viXra:1102.0019 [pdf] submitted on 13 Feb 2011
Authors: A. Beckwith
Comments:
10 pages, 24,981 characters. Actual entry for the FQXi contest. One figure one table.
Our contention, is that reality is actually analog, but that at a critical limit, as when the Octonian gravity
condition kicks in, that for a time it appears discrete. This due to al phase transition at the start of the big
bang. Our second consideration is, that symmetry breaking models, i.e. the Higgs boson are not necessary
for the formation of particles with mass just before Octonionic gravity which could arise in pre Planckian
physics models without a potential. Finally, the necessity of potentials for pre Octonionic gravity physics
can be circumvented via Sherrer k essence physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[330] viXra:1102.0016 [pdf] submitted on 10 Feb 2011
Authors: Peter A. Jackson
Comments:
4 pages.
We describe the solution to Cosmic Microwave background Radiation (CMBR) quadrupolar asymmetry
and anisotropy, which is as predicted by the discrete field model (DFM) described in earlier archives, and
explain how it may have taken it's spiral, or in fact it should be 'helical' form, the so called 'axis of evil',
and the big bang, or more appropriately big 'whoosh', and pre big bang conditions resulting. We provided
logical and photographic evidence. These discoveries are based on the apparently 'magic bullet' properties
of the DFM and found as part of a a falsification exercise which has recently also provided galactic
secular evolution sequencing, and unites Relativity with a Quantum mechanism. This uses the postulates
of Special Relativity (SR) but makes a small conceptual correction to it's understanding to put it on a basis
precisely equivalent to General relativity (GR), also better defining Quantum mechanics. This is an initial
paper pending consideration of publication of fuller papers, which will be followed up here.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[329] viXra:1102.0007 [pdf] submitted on 6 Feb 2011
Authors: A. Beckwith
Comments: 36 pages, 15 pages of article, 21 pages of optional appendix entries.
Sent to Pre space time editor, Johanthan Dickau, where I expect it to undergo
drastic revisions. NO problem.
While assuming the relatively narrow spectrum of graviton frequencies in the onset of inflation, it is
necessary to examine how this could tie into instanton-anti-instanton production. We do so via a thermal
input from the prior universe model. We also discuss how the break up of such structure could influence
later inflationary cosmology -physics. The following paper attempts a thought experiment as to how to
present a genesis of irregularites in the CMBR spectrum. This is not meant to be a substitute for Sakar's
ground breaking work, but an addendium as to how the initially very smooth start of inflation could lead to
the pronounced irregularities Dr. Sarkar commented upon.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[328] viXra:1102.0005 [pdf] submitted on 3 Feb 2011
Authors: A. Beckwith
Comments: 6 pages. 3 tables, 1 figure. Meant as a companion piece to the Octonionic gravity work done earlier for
possible inclusion in the Nova Book Chapter of Cosmology.
If we have a non infinite but huge negative value of the cosmological vacuum energy in the wormhole, then
we have 1010 bits of computing information. When we leave the wormhole, we have 10120 bits of
computing information We specify a transition between the two regions in terms of a causal discontinuity
regime created by a(t) chaotic behavior due initially to the initially very large value of thermal vacuum
energy transmitted. Note that this is a toy model to account for thermal transfer of energy from a prior to a
present universe perhaps enabling graviton production. This is a companion piece to the Octonian gravity
document.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[327] viXra:1102.0004 [pdf] submitted on 3 Feb 2011
Authors: A. Beckwith
Comments: 10 pages. Submitted to the Hadronic journal, to senior Editor, Christian Corda, PhD
We analyze how entropy could be generated via a semi classical argument as well as by multiple braneanti
brane combinations leading to an initial soliton-instanton formation. The supposition is that the two
different types of methods give similar initial conditions for entropy and information/ computational bits of
information in the initial universe. We close then with observations we think are pertinent to entropy
increase . This is linkable to a table of computational bits as presented by Smoot in 2007.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[326] viXra:1102.0003 [pdf] submitted on 3 Feb 2011
Authors: A. Beckwith, F.Y. Li, N. Yang, J. Dickau, G. Stephenson, L. Glinka, R. Baker
Comments: 31 pages, companion piece to the following two articles. A.W. Beckwith, ” Energy content
of Gravition as a way to Quantify both Entropy and Information Generation in the early Universe”,
accepted for publication in JMP, February 2011
Is Octonionic Quantum Gravity Relevant Near the Planck Scale? if Gravity Waves Are Generated by
Changes in the Geometry of the Early Universe, How Can We Measure Them?
This document will out line what the authors suppose is relevant to squeezed states of initial space time
and how that affects both the composition of relic GW, and also gravitons. A side issue to consider is if
gravitons can be configured as semi classical "particles" , which is akin to the Pilot model of Quantum
Mechanics as embedded in a larger non linear 'deterministic' background. In addition, as the main author
has discussed with Stuart Allen in long evening talks, the relative classical embedding of QM will be
linkable to upper bounds to the graviton mass, for reasons brought up in the manuscript.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[325] viXra:1102.0002 [pdf] submitted on 1 Feb 2011
Authors: G. H. Mickey Thompson
Comments: 8 pages.
Cosmologists continue to discover anomalies which are not congruent
with the currently accepted standard model of the universe. The Inflationary
Model asserts that the big bang marked the creation of the universe; yet,
scientists are finding cosmological structures that appear to be much older
than the big bang.
The author posits that the evidence points to a much older, larger, and more
internally dynamic universe in which our big bang was but a local event. This
new model describes a steady-state universe wherein gravity is the prime mover
and big bangs are not initiated by smoothly inflating singularities, but rather
result from the light-speed collisions of ultra-massive black holes. This model
does not require any unproven fundamentals of physics nor does it tax our
scientific sensibilities. It is based on the assumption that the big bang did
not clarion the beginning of the universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[324] viXra:1101.0101 [pdf] submitted on 31 Jan 2011
Authors: Amrit Srecko Sorli
Comments: 5 pages.
Today's physics understands space and time as being coupled in "space-time"; a
fundamental arena in which universe takes place. Einstein himself has never
considered time as being part of space; he was talking about a "four-dimensional
continuum" in which physical events occur. In his Special Theory of Relativity Einstein
used Minkowski's 4-dimensional space that has four coordinates: X1, X2, X3, X4 where
X4 = ict. X4 is not a "temporal coordinate", X4 is not the time t that is measured with
clocks. In the formula X4 = ict, time t is only a component. Out of this mathematical
formalism one can conclude that in the Special Theory of Relativity time t is not part of
space. Minkowski space is not 3D+T, it is 4D (1).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[323] viXra:1101.0099 [pdf] submitted on 31 Jan 2011
Authors: Yongfeng Yang
Comments: 14 pages.
It is a popular feature in the solar system that there are an asteroid belt and four
planetary ring systems, various scenarios [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7] have been presented to account
for their origins, but none of them is satisfactory. Asteroid belt that is located between
planetary orbits (Mars and Jupiter) is thin, circular, and parallel to the ecliptic, relatively,
planetary rings that are located between satellite's orbits are also thin, circular, and
approximately parallel to their father planetary equatorial plane. This similarity in
distribution and shape implies that asteroid belt and planetary ring is likely to derive from
the same physical process. Here we show, the two bodies of a binary planetary system
(satellite system) due to their orbital shrinkages occur a powerful collision, which shatters
them into fragments to all around. But due to the effect of hierarchical two-body gravitation
(a non-Newton's gravitation proposed by Yang) that is responsible for the association of
celestial objects in space, the barycenter of the initial binary planetary system (satellite
system ) is survived in the collision and continues to orbit, which brings the barycenters of a
series of subordinate hierarchical two-body associations of fragments to move. This
successive hierarchical drag trends to constrain these separated fragments to form a circular
belt (ring), and subsequently dynamical evolution confines the belt (ring) to become thin.
The farther fragments are dragged by the belt (ring) to run across the solar system back and
forth, which gives rise to the advent of comets when close enough to the Sun.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[322] viXra:1101.0085 [pdf] submitted on 25 Jan 2011
Authors: Fernando Loup
Comments: 50 pages
Although both Alcubierre and Natario Spacetimes belongs to the same family of Einstein Field
Equations of General Relativity and both have many resemblances between each other ,the Energy
Density distribution in the Alcubierre Warp Drive is different than the one found in the Natario Warp
Drive.The Horizons will arise in both Spacetimes when approaching Superluminal(Warp) speeds however
due to a different distribution of Energy Density the Natario Warp Drive behaves slightly different when
compared to the Alcubierre one. The major differences between the Natario and Alcubierre Warp Drive
Spacetimes occurs when we study the Infinite Doppler Blueshifts that affect the Alcubierre Spacetime
but not affect the Natario one because while in Alcubierre Spacetime the Negative Energy is distributed
in a toroidal region above and below the ship perpendicular to the direction of the motion while in front
of the ship.the space is empty having nothing to prevent a photon to reach the Horizon because in this
case the Horizon lies on empty space,in the Natario Spacetime the Energy Density is distributed in a
spherical shell that covers the entire ship and a photon sent to the front will be deflected by this shell
of Negative Energy before reaching the Horizon because the Horizon also lies inside this shell and not
on "empty" space.This shell avoids the occurrence of Infinite Doppler Blueshifts in the Natario Warp
Drive Spacetime.We examine in this work the major differences between both Natario and Alcubierre
Spacetimes outlining the repulsive character of the Negative Energy Density.The creation of a Warp
Bubble in Alcubierre or Natario Spacetimes is beyond the scope of Classical General Relativity and will
have to wait until the arrival of a real Quantum Gravity theory that must encompass Superluminal
Non-Local Quantum Entanglement Effects in order to deal with the Horizon problem added to the
Geometrical features of Classical General Relativity plus it must also provide a way to generate large
outputs of Negative Energy Densities.Since this theory is ahead of our scientific capabilities,we discuss
in the end of this work an approach that could be performed by our science in a short period of term.to
increase our knowledge about the Warp Drive as a Dynamical Spacetime.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[321] viXra:1101.0084 [pdf] submitted on 24 Jan 2011
Authors: Charles B. Leffert
Comments: 8 pages 3 figures
In 1998-1999 two teams of astronomers, measuring the radiation from exploding
supernova Ia (SNIa) stars, found that their predicted curves fell short of the measured
values of magnitude m, or distance modulus m-M, for redshift z ~0.5 - 1.0. Instead of
announcing incomplete theoretical models, and searching for an increase in the
luminosity distance dL, they used their free parameters and added more physical content
to our universe of either Einstein's rejected lambda or dark energy, to better fit the data.
Such added contents also added acceleration to the expansion rate of our universe. The
unwise acceptance of this added acceleration by the scientific community, now known as
the acceleration paradigm shift, will become one of the greatest, and more costly,
blunders of science.
It so happened in 1993, that this author had started the development of a new nonrelativistic
model of the universe and by 1998 could check his new model for its
prediction of the magnitude of the SNIA data near redshift z ~ 1. Using the new
computer model, a check on the first reported data, indicated the new model could predict
the data with no addition of either lambda or dark energy. As the development of the
author's model continued, a long 20 year effort began to try to halt and reverse the
acceleration paradigm. This paper describes the record of those efforts, and it adds
another face of experience to most all of the major points of the "Why viXra?".
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[320] viXra:1101.0080 [pdf] submitted on 24 Jan 2011
Authors: Chun-Xuan Jiang
Comments: 35 pages
In 1637 Fermat wrote: "It is impossible to separate a cube into two cubes, or a biquadrate
into two biquadrates, or in general any power higher than the second into powers of like degree: I
have discovered a truly marvelous proof, which this margin is too small to contain."
This means: (3)
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[319] viXra:1101.0079 [pdf] submitted on 24 Jan 2011
Authors: Chun-Xuan Jiang
Comments: 40 pages
In 1637 Fermat wrote: "It is impossible to separate a cube into two cubes, or a biquadrate
into two biquadrates, or in general any power higher than the second into powers of like degree: I
have discovered a truly marvelous proof, which this margin is too small to contain."
This means: (2)
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[318] viXra:1101.0078 [pdf] submitted on 24 Jan 2011
Authors: Chun-Xuan Jiang
Comments: 48 pages
In 1637 Fermat wrote: "It is impossible to separate a cube into two cubes, or a biquadrate
into two biquadrates, or in general any power higher than the second into powers of like degree: I
have discovered a truly marvelous proof, which this margin is too small to contain."
This means:
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[317] viXra:1101.0077 [pdf] submitted on 24 Jan 2011
Authors: Jin He
Comments: 9 pages
Mach Principle presents the absolute universe. For example, when you stand on the ground
and relaxed, your arms fall down naturally. However, if you rotate your body then your arms
are lifted up as the rotation is faster and faster. Mach principle is that the matter of the whole
universe can affect local dynamic systems. That is, the matter of the whole universe sets up
the local absolute reference frames. However, both the theories of general relativity and Big
Bang are against the absolute reference frames of Mach Principle. Here I present a simple
model of flat universe which is consistent to most cosmic laws, and Mach Principle is recovered
amazingly.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[316] viXra:1101.0074 [pdf] submitted on 23 Jan 2011
Authors: Adam G. Freeman
Comments: 5 pages
Here is presented an extension to the Schwarzschild derivation for the vacuum field equations
corresponding to the gravitational field surrounding a pseudo-spherical point mass. The same restrictions
employed by Schwarzschild are used here but an interesting property of the space-time is elicited in that it
is valid for a radius greater than zero but less than 2GM/c2 and so is bounded by
0 < r < 2GM/c2.
Also the mass appears to be gravitationally repulsive as opposed to gravitationally attractive. The pseudosphere
point mass solution complements the spherical Schwarzschild solution which is valid for a radius
greater than 2GM/c2.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[315] viXra:1101.0066 [pdf] submitted on 22 Jan 2011
Authors: Charles B. Leffert
Comments: 9 pages, 4 figures
There are no such entities as dark matter or dark energy and, indeed, there can be no
future for our universe with an accelerated rate of expansion. A new closed model for the
expansion of our universe predicts correctly all astronomical measurements so far
presented with no free parameters for adjustments to fit the data. Our universe is more
complex than anticipated by Einstein. This has already been made clear by the inability
to unify quantum physics with classical physics, The many problems encountered by
general relativity (GR) in trying to account for the expansion also attest to that
complexity and in particular, the collapse of the universe with the third (k = 1) option of
the Friedmann equations. There can be only one correct model, so the vision of the new
expansion model began with the complete abandonment of GR and a search for what
makes our universe expand. The reality of space and its production rate takes center
stage in the new model. New concepts of geometry and higher-dimensional spaces with
a new arrow of time came into being which solved many other long-standing
fundamental problems. Only algebra and beginning calculus were needed to develop the
new model. The new model is described in detail in a new self-published Book 3 just
coming off the press and the highlights are described in the following paper. Normally
cosmology papers are written about incomplete models with free parameters and the
authors minimize the number of equations. The opposite approach was used for the
closed model in this Book 3. In 112 pages, nine present fixed data are presented with 50
equations and 58 figures so the reader could reproduce any, or all, of the predictions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[314] viXra:1101.0042 [pdf] submitted on 12 Jan 2011
Authors: Roald C. Maximo
Comments: 7 pages
What many people do not realize is that in the root of all motion detection by means of sound or
electromagnetic waves, be it by interferometry or direct wave length measurements, there is, invariably, the
all important Doppler effect. Experimenters who conducted experiments in interferometry, which involve
phase comparisons, resorted frequently to a naive analogy with boats in river flows to substantiate their
calculations.That analogy does not take into account that the source and observer are moving together in the
same direction. And that makes all the difference! Apparently, the prime importance of the Doppler effect
has been consistently neglected. Thinking in terms of Doppler makes things easier!. So, let's, firstly, try to
bring it back to its rightful stand.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[313] viXra:1101.0038 [pdf] submitted on 11 Jan 2011
Authors: A. Beckwith, F.Y. Li, N. Yang, J. Dickau, G. Stephenson, L. Glinka
Comments: 12 pages, 1 figure, meant as a companion piece to the Octonionic gravity document.
The co authors will be involved in extensive revisions of this document, with a decision
made before February 1st, as to what publication it should go to
In the inaugural ICG meeting, on August 11, 2007 at Penn State, Roger Penrose[1]
gave a presentation about an alternative to cyclic cosmological models, which needs experimental
tests for falsifiabity. As discussed by Beckwith, in EJTP [2], Penrose brought up how a De
Albertain wave equation, as simplified in flat space could lead to a rising vacuum nucleation
field which would engender the pop up behavior as sought in most emergent field models of gravity.
The scalar field pop up with certain qualifications is not so startling in itself. Now for the
radical extension Penrose brought to bear. Penrose asserted in his ICG lecture that there was a
good chance that there was no collapse in future events, but that matter would be eventually
sucked up by 'millions' of black holes, creating a clean up of most interstellar matter. The
issue to be brought up is how to come up with a mapping for re combination of the black hole
collected material, for a big bang. A topic which was not solved by Penrose.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[312] viXra:1101.0034 [pdf] submitted on 10 Jan 2011
Authors: A. Beckwith
Comments: 22 pages, 2 figures, to be heavily edited with co authors added by those expressing an interest.
To be submitted to a journal after enough edits
Could a causal discontinuity lead to an explanation of fluctuations in the CMBR radiation
spectrum? Is this argument valid if there is some third choice of set structure (for instance do self
referential sets fall into one category or another?). The answer to this question may lie in (entangled?)
vortex structure of space time, along the lines of structure similar to that generate in the laboratory by
Ruutu [1] (1996). Self referential sets may be part of the generated vortex structure, and we will endeavor
to find if this can be experimentally investigated. If the causal set argument and its violation via this
procedure holds, we have the view that what we see a space time 'drum' effect with the causal
discontinuity forming the head of a 'drum' for a region of about 1010 bits of 'information' before our
present universe up to the instant of the big bang itself for a time region less than t ~ 10-44 seconds in
duration, with a region of increasing bits of 'information' going up to 10120 due to vortex filament
condensed matter style forming through a symmetry breaking phase transition.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[311] viXra:1101.0033 [pdf] submitted on 9 Jan 2011
Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 4 pages
On a summer morning in 1981 I sat at my kitchen table in upstate New York and drew a
space-time map of the cosmos, such as we see in Fig. 1. It has remained unchanged in all
essential details since that time.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[310] viXra:1101.0031 [pdf] submitted on 7 Jan 2011
Authors: H. Ron Harrison
Comments: 4 pages
Measurement of the precession and orbital decay of binary pulsars is said to support the
General Theory of Relativity. This is true for the rate of precession but the rate of decay
is said to be due to energy loss. The loss of energy alone cannot account for the decay. In
some cases it is attributed to gravitational energy loss and in others it is due to tidal drag.
The quoted theory for the decay is based on Newtonian dynamics but it is not applicable
in these cases because the equations used are derived assuming that the energy is constant
and the orbits are conical. This article gives justification to this comment, however this
does not mean that gravitational radiation is not the cause of binary decay.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[309] viXra:1101.0029 [pdf] submitted on 6 Jan 2011
Authors: Ron Bourgoin
Comments: 2 pages
It is obvious that the principle directing the expansion
of the universe works in a way completely opposite to
what we expect. We therefore come up with a law that
says a nearby universe is tugging at ours on the basis
of an inverse cube relationship, not inverse square.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[308] viXra:1101.0025 [pdf] submitted on 5 Jan 2011
Authors: Charles B. Leffert
Comments: 5 pages, 5 figures
In this introduction to the new SC-expansion model of our universe, the new
physical concepts will be quickly reviewed to explain the source of gravity and a
failure of the big bang consensus cosmology to account for a fundamental
photon feature in an expanding universe.. This photon delay effect is not
accounted for using present relativistic concepts of co-moving distance and
standard candles. It is shown that following the photons by integration of the
photon delay equation produces a larger luminosity distance and greater
apparent magnitude sufficient to fit the supernovae SNIa data with no need of
dark energy. It is shown that without this photon delay effect, the cosmic
microwave radiation would not produce a clear first-pass pattern, but a smeared
background of multi-orbit passes.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[307] viXra:1101.0024 [pdf] submitted on 5 Jan 2011
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 10 pages, 2 figures, submitted to DICE 2010 as part of their conference
We make explicit an idea by Padmanabhan in DICE 2010 [1], as to finding "atoms
of space{time" permitting a thermodynamic treatment of emergent structure similar to Gibbs
treatment of statistical physics. That is, an ensemble of gravitons is used to give an "atom" of
space-time congruent with relic GW. The idea is to reduce the number of independent variables
to get a simple emergent space-time structure of entropy. An electric field, based upon the
cosmological Schwinger principle, is linked to relic heat
flux, with entropy production tied in
with candidates as to infl
aton potentials. The effective electric field links with the Schwinger
1951s result of an E field leading to pairs of e+e- charges nucleated in space-time volume V.t.
Note that in most in
flationary models, the assumption is for a magnetic field, not an electric
field. An electric field permits a kink-anti-kink construction of an emergent structure, which
includes Glinka's recent pioneering approach to a Multiverse. Also an E field allows for an
emergent relic particle frequency range between one and 100 GHz. The novel contribution is a
relic E field, instead of a B field, in relic space-time "atom" formation and vacuum nucleation
of the same.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[306] viXra:1101.0021 [pdf] submitted on 4 Jan 2011
Authors: Akindele J. Adekugbe
Comments: 18 pages, Submitted to Progess in Physics.
The flat two-dimensional proper intrinsic spacetime... (see paper)
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[305] viXra:1101.0020 [pdf] submitted on 4 Jan 2011
Authors: Akindele J. Adekugbe
Comments: 20 pages, Submitted to Progess in Physics.
A curved 'two-dimensional' absolute intrinsic metric spacetime... (see paper)
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[304] viXra:1101.0017 [pdf] submitted on 4 Jan 2011
Authors: A. Beckwith, F.Y. Li, N. Yang, J. Dickau, G. Stephenson, L. Glinka
Comments: 25 pages, seven figures, FIRST draft of a chapter to go to Nova book publishers in
February 2011 for a book in cosmology. Expect extensive revisions to be made to this document.
We ask if Octonionic quantum gravity [1] is a relevant consideration near the Planck scale.
Furthermore, we examine whether gravitational waves would be generated during the initial
phase,and how to detect their effects during alterations of an initial phase factor
which may be detected in a GW detector . Doing this will enable the development of realistic
cosmology models
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[303] viXra:1101.0015 [pdf] submitted on 3 Jan 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 7 pages.
Relativistic motion in the gravitational field of a massive body is governed by the
external metric of a spherically symmetric extended object. Consequently, any solution
for the point-mass is inadequate for the treatment of such motions since it pertains to a
fictitious object. I therefore develop herein the physics of the standard tests of General
Relativity by means of the generalised solution for the field external to a sphere of
incompressible homogeneous fluid.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[302] viXra:1101.0014 [pdf] submitted on 3 Jan 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 12 pages.
It is generally alleged that Einstein's theory leads to a finite but unbounded universe.
This allegation stems from an incorrect analysis of the metric for the point-mass when
λ ≠ 0. The standard analysis has incorrectly assumed that the variable r denotes a
radius in the gravitational field. Since r is in fact nothing more than a real-valued
parameter for the actual radial quantities in the gravitational field, the standard
interpretation is erroneous. Moreover, the true radial quantities lead inescapably to
λ = 0 so that, cosmologically, Einstein's theory predicts an infinite, static, empty
universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[301] viXra:1101.0013 [pdf] submitted on 3 Jan 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 5 pages.
The Kruskal-Szekeres "coordinates" are said to "extend" the so-called "Schwarzschild
solution", to remove an alleged "coordinate singularity" at the event horizon of a black
hole at r = 2m, leaving an infinitely dense point-mass singularity at "the origin" r = 0.
However, the assumption that the point at the centre of spherical symmetry of the
"Schwarzschild solution" is at "the origin" r = 0 is erroneous, and so the
Kruskal-Szekeres "extension" is invalid; demonstrated herein by simple counter-examples.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[300] viXra:1101.0012 [pdf] submitted on 3 Jan 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 5 pages.
The Regge-Wheeler tortoise "coordinate" and the the Kruskal-Szekeres "extension"
are built upon a latent set of invalid assumptions. Consequently, they have led to
fallacious conclusions about Einstein's gravitational field. The persistent unjustified
claims made for the aforesaid alleged coordinates are not sustained by mathematical
rigour. They must therefore be discarded.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[299] viXra:1101.0011 [pdf] submitted on 3 Jan 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 6 pages.
The vacuum field of the point-mass is an unrealistic idealization which does not occur
in Nature - Nature does not make material points. A more realistic model must therefore
encompass the extended nature of a real object. This problem has also been solved for
a particular case by K. Schwarzschild in his neglected paper on the gravitational field
of a sphere of incompressible fluid. I revive Schwarzschild's solution and generalise it.
The black hole is necessarily precluded. A body cannot undergo gravitational collapse
to a material point.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[298] viXra:1101.0010 [pdf] submitted on 3 Jan 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 6 pages.
I derive herein a general form of Kepler's 3rd Law for the general solution to Einstein's
vacuum field. I also obtain stable orbits for photons in all the configurations of the
point-mass. Contrary to the accepted theory, Kepler's 3rd Law is modified by General
Relativity and leads to a finite angular velocity as the proper radius of the orbit goes
down to zero, without the formation of a black hole. Finally, I generalise the expression
for the potential function of the general solution for the point-mass in the weak field.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[297] viXra:1101.0009 [pdf] submitted on 3 Jan 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 8 pages, This paper was published in the international magazine "Electronics World" in 2010.
Pierre-Marie Robitaille, a Professor of Radiology at Ohio State University, is an expert when
it comes to instrumentation and signal analysis. It was Robitaille who conceived and directed
the construction of the world's first 8 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner
[1,2]. In doing so, he nearly doubled the maximum field strength in MRI and gave birth to
Ultra High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging (UHFMRI). Robitaille's scanner
immediately revealed anatomical structures within the human brain that were previously
never seen on human scans [3]. In recent years, Robitaille has applied his skills to
astrophysics, and his findings are very significant.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[296] viXra:1101.0008 [pdf] submitted on 3 Jan 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 6 pages
It is proved herein that the metric in the so-called "isotropic coordinates" for Einstein's
gravitational field is a particular case of an infinite class of equivalent metrics.
Furthermore, the usual interpretation of the coordinates is erroneous, because in the
usual form given in the literature, the alleged coordinate length
(see paper) is
not a coordinate length. This arises from the fact that the geometrical relations between
the components of the metric tensor are invariant and therefore bear the same relations
in the isotropic system as those of the metric in standard Schwarzschild coordinates.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[295] viXra:1101.0007 [pdf] submitted on 3 Jan 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 9 pages
The notion of black holes voraciously gobbling up matter, twisting spacetime into contortions
that trap light, stretching the unwary into long spaghetti-like strands as they fall
inward to ultimately collide and merge with an infinitely dense point-mass singularity,
has become a mantra of the astrophysical community, so much so that even primaryschool
children know about the sinister black hole. There are almost daily reports of
scientists claiming that they have again found black holes here and there. It is asserted
that black holes range in size from micro to mini, to intermediate and on up through to
supermassive behemoths. Black holes are spoken of as scientific facts and it is routinely
claimed that they have been detected at the centres of galaxies. Images of black holes
having their wicked ways with surrounding matter are routinely included with reports
of them. Some physicists even claim that black holes will be created in particle accelerators,
such as the Large Hadron Collider, potentially able to swallow the Earth. Despite
the assertions of the astronomers and astrophysicists, nobody has ever found a black
hole, anywhere, let alone "imaged" one. The pictures adduced to convince are actually
either artistic impressions (i.e. drawings) or photos of otherwise unidentified objects
imaged by telescopes and merely asserted to be due to black holes, ad hoc.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[294] viXra:1101.0006 [pdf] submitted on 3 Jan 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 6 pages
There are a number of conceptual anomalies occurring in the Standard exposition of
Einstein's Theory of Relativity. These anomalies relate to issues in both mathematics
and in physics and penetrate to the very heart of Einstein's theory. This paper reveals
and amplifies a few such anomalies, including the fact that Einstein's field equations for
the so-called static vacuum configuration, Rμν =0, violates his Principle of Equivalence,
and is therefore erroneous. This has a direct bearing on the usual concept
of conservation of energy for the gravitational field and the conventional formulation
for localisation of energy using Einstein's pseudo-tensor. Misconceptions as to the
relationship between Minkowski spacetime and Special Relativity are also discussed,
along with their relationships to the pseudo-Riemannian metric manifold of Einstein's
gravitational field, and their fundamental geometric structures pertaining to spherical
symmetry.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[293] viXra:1101.0005 [pdf] submitted on 3 Jan 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 7 pages
The usual interpretations of solutions for Einstein's gravitational field satisfying
the spherically symmetric condition contain anomalies that are not mathematically
permissible. It is shown herein that the usual solutions must be modified to account
for the intrinsic geometry associated with the relevant line elements.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[292] viXra:1101.0004 [pdf] submitted on 3 Jan 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 4 pages
Neither the layman nor the specialist, in general, have any knowledge of the historical
circumstances underlying the genesis of the idea of the Black Hole. Essentially,
almost all and sundry simply take for granted the unsubstantiated allegations of
some ostentatious minority of the relativists. Unfortunately, that minority has been
rather careless with the truth and is quite averse to having its claims corrected,
notwithstanding the documentary evidence on the historical record. Furthermore, not a
few of that vainglorious and disingenuous coterie, particularly amongst those of some
notoriety, attempt to dismiss the testimony of the literature with contempt, and even
deliberate falsehoods, claiming that history is of no importance. The historical record
clearly demonstrates that the Black Hole has been conjured up by combination of
confusion, superstition and ineptitude, and is sustained by widespread suppression
of facts, both physical and theoretical. The following essay provides a brief but
accurate account of events, verifiable by reference to the original papers, by which the
scandalous manipulation of both scientific and public opinion is revealed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[291] viXra:1101.0003 [pdf] submitted on 3 Jan 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 12 pages
The black hole, which arises solely from an incorrect analysis of the Hilbert solution,
is based upon a misunderstanding of the significance of the coordinate radius r. This
quantity is neither a coordinate nor a radius in the gravitational field and cannot of
itself be used directly to determine features of the field from its metric. The appropriate
quantities on the metric for the gravitational field are the proper radius and the curvature
radius, both of which are functions of r. The variable r is actually a Euclidean
parameter which is mapped to non-Euclidean quantities describing the gravitational
field, namely, the proper radius and the curvature radius.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[290] viXra:1101.0002 [pdf] submitted on 3 Jan 2011
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 7 pages
In a previous paper I derived the general solution for the simple point-mass in a true
Schwarzschild space. I extend that solution to the point-charge, the rotating pointmass,
and the rotating point-charge, culminating in a single expression for the general
solution for the point-mass in all its configurations when Λ = 0. The general exact
solution is proved regular everywhere except at the arbitrary location of the source
of the gravitational field. In no case does the black hole manifest. The conventional
solutions giving rise to various black holes are shown to be inconsistent with General
Relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[289] viXra:1012.0044 [pdf] submitted on 22 Dec 2010
Authors: Jose Alverez Lopez
Comments: 23 pages.
The Lorenatzian "contraction" for length, time, mass and
temperature - taken as functions of a dimensional equation
- enable the author to define the mathematical structure
of the constants of nature. In this way the a priori
determinaation of all the constants of nature has been
rendered possible
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[288] viXra:1012.0038 [pdf] submitted on 17 Dec 2010
Authors: Boris Hikin
Comments: 9 pages
It is shown that writing the metric tensor in dimensionfull form is mathematically more
appropriate and allows a simple interpretation of the gravitational constant as an emergent
parameter. It is also shown that the value of the gravitational constant is due to the
contribution of all the particles in the Universe. Newton's law of gravitation is derived from
atomic considerations only. The Dirac's large number is related to the number of particles
in the Universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[287] viXra:1012.0037 [pdf] submitted on 15 Dec 2010
Authors: Peter Sujak
Comments: 5 pages
In this paper the inconsistency of contemporary quantities of energy and momentum in QM,
TR and CF are demonstrated .To correlate these quantities inevitability of installation rest
momentum po and total momentum
pt according to TR rest and total energy concept is required. It is explained that: (see paper)
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[286] viXra:1012.0030 [pdf] submitted on 14 Dec 2010
Authors: Noel Eberz
Comments: 6 pages
While entitled 'differently' is a big order, it is not so much refutation but alternative views
essentially 'decoded' from the multiple disciplines of general science. These four concise
assertions can find correlation with both the fine and large scale structure of the universe:
Time as only Now,
Mass as the confinement of Energy,
Defining a base energy form - Optical Gre theory,
Interpreting an electromagnetic Space fabric.
In concert these ideas are interpreted in three parts:
Why Mass & Energy are different or are they?
Justifying an Electromagnetic Space fabric
Originality in decoding Complexity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[285] viXra:1012.0018 [pdf] submitted on 7 Dec 2010
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 6 pages
The general solution to Einstein's vacuum field equations for the point-mass in all
its configurations must be determined in such a way as to provide a means by which
an infinite sequence of particular solutions can be readily constructed. It is from
such a solution that the underlying geometry of Einstein's universe can be rightly
explored. I report here on the determination of the general solution and its consequences
for the theoretical basis of relativistic degeneracy, i. e. gravitational collapse and the
black hole.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[284] viXra:1012.0015 [pdf] submitted on 4 Dec 2010
Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 28 pages
This table may be read like an English paragraph. Row one recapitulates the the creation of matter in the
"Big Bang". The universe begins with light, free electromagnetic energy - a perfectly symmetric form of
energy. The role of gravity at this stage is to provide sufficient negative energy to counterbalance the
positive energy of the "Creation Event", such that the cosmos is born from a state of zero net energy and
charge. The intrinsic motion of light (which is the entropy drive of light) creates space, the expanding and
cooling entropy/conservation domain of free energy. The interaction of high-energy light with the metric
structure of spacetime creates virtual particle-antiparticle pairs of primordial leptoquarks (leptoquarks are
primordial leptons broken into three subunits, the quarks). (See: "The Particle Table".) Symmetry is
maintained so long as there are equal numbers of particles vs antiparticles. Row one ends with symmetrybreaking
of the primordial leptoquark pairs and the production of single (matter) baryons and leptons by the
action of the Higgs boson and the weak force Intermediate Vector Bosons (IVBs). (See: "Table of the Higgs
Cascade".) (Although leptoquark particle-antiparticle pairs are produced in equal numbers, electrically
neutral antimatter leptoquarks apparently decay at a slightly faster rate than their matter counterparts.) The
sub-elementary quarks carry fractional charges necessary to the production of electrically neutral
leptoquarks, allowing the neutrals to live long enough to undergo asymmetric weak force decays. These
decays should also produce leptoquark neutrinos, which are "dark matter" candidates. (See: "The Origin of
Matter and Information".)
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[283] viXra:1012.0006 [pdf] submitted on 2 Dec 2010
Authors: J Kokošar
Comments: 10 pages
The main argument against the relativistic mass is that it does not tell
us anything more than the total energy tells us, although it is not incorrect. But,
one reason is to show a relation between time dilation and relativistic mass. This
relation can be further used to present a connection between space-time and matter
more clearly, and to show that space-time does not exist without matter. This means a
simpler presentation than is shown with Einstein's general covariance. Therefore, this
opposes that special relativity (SR) is only a theory of space-time geometry. The next
reason is to show, how phenomenon of increasing of relativistic mass with speed can be
used for a gradual transition from Newtonian mechanics to SR. The postulates, which
are used for the definition of SR, are therefore still clearer and the total derivation of
the Lorentz transformation is clearer. Such derivation also gives a more real example
and counter-arguments for the debate regarding Duff's claims of physical nonexistence
of dimensionful units and quantities (PND). Therefore, the debate about Duff's claims
becomes clearer. Still other counter-arguments against PND are added.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[282] viXra:1011.0074 [pdf] submitted on 30 Nov 2010
Authors: Akindele J. Adekugbe
Comments: 20 pages. Submitted to Progress in Physics
Graphical analysis of the geometry of a curved 'three-dimensional' absolute intrinsic
metric space, (an absolute intrinsic Riemannian metric space) φM3, which is curved
onto the absolute time/absolute intrinsic time 'dimensions' (along the vertical), as a
curved hyper-surface, and projects a flat three-dimensional proper intrinsic metric space
φE'3 underlying its outward manifestation namely, the flat proper physical Euclidean
3-space φE'3, both as flat hyper-surfaces along the horizontal, isolated in part one of this
paper, is done. Two absolute intrinsic tensor equations, one of which is of the divergenceless
form of Einstein free-space field equations and the other which is a tensorial
statement of local Euclidean invariance on φM3, are derived. Simultaneous (algebraic)
solution of the equations yields the absolute intrinsic metric tensor and absolute intrinsic
Ricci tensor of absolute intrinsic Riemann geometry on the curved absolute intrinsic
metric space φM3, in terms of an isolated absolute intrinsic curvature parameter.
Relations for absolute intrinsic coordinate projections into the underlying flat proper
intrinsic space are derived. A superposition procedure that yields resultant absolute intrinsic
metric tensor and resultant absolute intrinsic Ricci tensor, as well as resultant
absolute intrinsic coordinate projection relations when two or a larger number of absolute
intrinsic Riemannian metric spaces co-exist, are developed. Finally the fact that
a curved 'three-dimensional' absolute intrinsic metric space φM3 is perfectly isotropic
(that is, all directions are perfectly the same) and is consequently contracted to a 'onedimensional'
absolute intrinsic metric space denoted by φρ, which is curved onto the
absolute time/absolute intrinsic time 'dimensions' along the vertical and that the underlying
projective three-dimensional flat proper intrinsic metric space φE'3 is perfectly
isotropic and is consequently contracted to a straight line one-dimensional isotropic
proper intrinsic metric space φρ' along the horizontal, with respect to observers in the
physical proper Euclidean 3-space φE'3 that overlies φρ', are deduced.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[281] viXra:1011.0073 [pdf] submitted on 30 Nov 2010
Authors: Akindele J. Adekugbe
Comments: 11 pages. Submitted to Progress in Physics
Having isolated a four-world picture in which four symmetrical universes in different
spacetime domains coexist and in which an isolated two-dimensional intrinsic spacetime
underlies the four-dimensional spacetime in each universe, and having shown that
the special theory of relativity rests on a four-world background elsewhere, we review
the geometry of spacetime/intrinsic spacetime in a long-range metric force field within
the four-world picture in the four parts of this paper. We show within an elaborate programme
that the four-dimensional metric spacetime and its underlying two-dimensional
intrinsic metric spacetime undergo two stages of evolution in the sequence of absolute
spacetime/absolute intrinsic spacetime → proper spacetime/proper intrinsic spacetime → relativistic spacetime/relativistic intrinsic spacetime in all finite neighborhood of
a long-range metric force field and that these are supported by a sequence of spacetime
/intrinic spacetime geometries. The programme takes off in this first paper by
isolating two classes of three-dimensional Riemannian metric space namely, the conventional
three-dimensional Riemannian metric space and a new 'three-dimensional'
absolute intrinsic Riemannian metric space.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[280] viXra:1011.0071 [pdf] submitted on 29 Nov 2010
Authors: Raymond Jensen
Comments: 15 pages, To appear in 2011 SPESIF Proceedings.
In this article it is argued, that the universe cannot be modeled as a space-time manifold. A theorem of
geometry provides that null geodesics on a space-time manifold which begin at the same point with the same initial
tangent vector are unique. But in reality, light originating from a single point with a given initial direction does not travel
along a unique null geodesic path when a massive object attracts it, in particular when the massive object is in an
indefinite location. Therefore, the universe cannot be described as a space-time manifold. It is then argued that the
universe is a superposition of space-time manifolds, where the manifolds form a Hilbert space over the complex numbers.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[279] viXra:1011.0067 [pdf] submitted on 27 Nov 2010
Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 7 pages
During the "Big Bang", free electromagnetic energy, or light, is converted to bound electromagnetic energy,
or matter, by an unknown asymmetric interaction between the weak force and matter-antimatter particle
pairs; these pairs are themselves produced by the self-interaction of high-energy light with its own
structural component, the metric of spacetime (see: "The Origin of Matter and Information"). The central
difficulty with the primordial conversion of light to matter is that whereas light is completely connected to
its spatial metric and entropic conservation domain by virtue of its intrinsic motion "c", matter lacks any
such dimensional connection, as it is intrinsically immobile, at rest. Indeed, light's intrinsic motion creates
space, and also causes its expansion and cooling. "Velocity c" gauges both the entropy drive and the "nonlocal"
metric and distributional symmetry of light. "Velocity c" banishes the asymmetric time dimension
(light's "clock is stopped"), maintaining metric symmetry while simultaneously causing the expansion and
cooling of space. Matter's energy, however, has no ostensible contact with a spatial metric, entropy drive, or
conservation domain, a completely untenable situation from the viewpoint of energy conservation. The
solution is found in matter's gravitational field, which forms a physical connection between matter and
space, reestablishing contact with light's spatial conservation domain. Through gravity, matter is reconnected
to space and light; this connection is not trivial, as it results in the creation of a surrogate or alternative
conservation dimension (time), entropy gauge ("velocity T"), entropy drive (the intrinsic motion of matter's
time dimension) and conservation domain (historic spacetime).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[278] viXra:1011.0066 [pdf] submitted on 26 Nov 2010
Authors: R. Wayte
Comments: 25 pages
Repulsive gravity at large distances has been included in the universal solution of Einstein's
equations by introducing a cosmological constant, which excludes the dark energy
interpretation. For an external-coordinate-observer cosmological model, the big-bang singularity
has been replaced by a granular primeval particle, and expansion is controlled by the velocity of
light. Then problems inherent in the standard model do not arise, and no inflation phase is
necessary. It is advantageous to truncate the graviton field at a maximum radius, which is
related to proton dimensions through the ratio (e2/Gm2). This governs the onset of universal
repulsion at around 7Gyr, in rough agreement with observations of Type Ia supernovae.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[277] viXra:1011.0063 [pdf] submitted on 25 Nov 2010
Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 8 pages
Intrinsic motions are the expression of conservation law and cosmic order in matter. The Universe, and
everything in it, is always in some type of motion, whether absolute, relative, intrinsic, entropic, atomic,
biological, or evolutionary.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[276] viXra:1011.0062 [pdf] submitted on 25 Nov 2010
Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 29 pages
A recent Letter to the Editor (Sharples J. J., Coordinate transformations and metric extension:
a rebuttal to the relativistic claims of Stephen J. Crothers, Progress in Physics,
v.1, 2010) has analysed a number of my publications in Progress in Physics. There
are serious problems with this treatment which should be brought to the attention of
the Journal's readership. Dr. Sharples has committed errors in both mathematics
and physics. For instance, his notion that r = 0 in the so-called "Schwarzschild solution"
marks the point at the centre of the related manifold is false, as is his related
claim that Schwarzschild's actual solution describes a manifold that is extendible. His
post hoc introduction of Newtonian concepts and related mathematical expressions into
Schwarzschild's actual solution are invalid; for instance, Newtonian two-body relations
into what is alleged to be a one-body problem. Each of the objections are treated in turn
and their invalidity fully demonstrated. Black hole theory is riddled with contradictions.
This article provides definitive proof that black holes do not exist.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[275] viXra:1011.0059 [pdf] submitted on 23 Nov 2010
Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 4 pages
In Alan Guth's theory of inflation, "repulsive gravity" is produced by the "negative pressure" of a
supercooled "Higgs inflaton field" in a "false vacuum". This "repulsive gravity" drives the expansion of
space (restoring the "true vacuum") during the brief period of inflation which initiates the Universe. There is
a curious similarity between this conception of the mechanics of inflation and the notion of a "rebound" at
the end of a cosmic life cycle or "Big Crunch" in a closed, cyclic Universe. This "rebound" is the explosion
of a cosmic-sized black hole which has exhausted all external supplies of space, and so can no longer create
the gravitational field and time dimension necessary to contain its energy content, which exists largely or
wholly in the form of gravitationally bound light (due to proton decay within the black hole's event
horizon). (See: "Entropy, Gravitation, and Thermodynamics".)
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[274] viXra:1011.0058 [pdf] submitted on 23 Nov 2010
Authors: A. R. Hadjesfandiari
Comments: 73 pages
By examining the theory of relativity, as originally proposed by Lorentz, Poincare and
Einstein, a fundamental theory of general motion is developed. From this, the
relationship between space-time and matter is discovered. As a result, the geometrical
theory of interaction is introduced. The corresponding geometrical theory of
electrodynamics resolves the origin of electromagnetic interaction, as a vortex-like field,
and clarifies some of the existing ambiguities.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[273] viXra:1011.0053 [pdf] submitted on 22 Nov 2010
Authors: L. Borissova, D. Rabounski
Comments: 263 pages, première édition en langue française, traduit de l'anglais et édité par Patrick
Marquet, American Research Press, Rehoboth (NM), USA
Cet ouvrage est la traduction française du livre "Fields, Vacuum and the Mirror Universe"
publié originalement en anglais en 2009, par les physiciens Larissa Borissova et Dmitri
Rabounski, enrichi de nouveaux exposés. Le livre propose une analyse physico-mathématique
nouvelle en élaborant une théorie des observables dans le cadre de la relativité générale.
Dans leur célèbre livre de référence "Théorie des Champs", Lev Landau et Evgeny Lifshitz ont
décrit de manière très complète le mouvement des particules dans les champs électromagnétique
et gravitationnel. Les méthodes d'analyse covariante alors en vigueur depuis le milieu des
années 30 ne prenaient pas encore en compte les concepts de quantités physiquement observables
(grandeurs chronologiquement invariantes ou plus précisément grandeurs dites "chronométriques")
de la relativité générale. Les auteurs ont donc voulu insister sur la nécessité d'étendre
cette perspective mathématique à la théorie physique existante en l'appliquant au mouvement
des particules se déplaçant dans les champs électromagnétiques et gravitationnels. De plus,
l'étude des mouvements d'une particule douée de moment de rotation intrinsèque, n'a pas été
entreprise dans ce contexte par Landau et Lifshitz. C'est pourquoi un exposé séparé du livre
a été entièrement consacré à ce type de mouvement particulier. Les auteurs ont également
ajouté un chapitre redéfinissant les éléments d'algèbre tensorielle et d'analyse dans le
cadre des invariants chronométriques. L'ensemble de cet ouvrage se présente alors comme
une contribution supplémentaire à la "Théorie des Champs".
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[272] viXra:1011.0051 [pdf] submitted on 21 Nov 2010
Authors: Shehrin Sayed
Comments: 4 pages
The expansion of the universe is proved to be an adiabatic process. The proposed idea shows good
agreement with the observable universe and can explain some basic characteristics of the universe. It is
also showed that the first kind of Friedmann model contradicts with the observable universe. The proposed
idea also indicates that the size of the universe is finite.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[271] viXra:1011.0018 [pdf] submitted on 11 Nov 2010
Authors: John A. Gowan
Comments: 10 pages
The IVBs (Intermediate Vector Bosons) are the field vectors (force carriers) of the weak force. The IVBs
reconstitute the very dense, early metric of spacetime (during the "Big Bang"), and their mass is the
probable consequence of the binding energy necessary to condense, compact, and/or convolute the
spacetime metric. Originally, the "W" IVBs were indistinguishable from the early dense metric of which
they were a part - the energy level of electroweak unification. The "Electroweak Era" existed from 10(-12)
to 10(-35) seconds after the Big Bang, when collision energy exceeded 100 GEV and the temperature
exceeded 10(15) Kelvins. During this time (a tiny fraction of a second in human terms) the whole of
spacetime - the whole Cosmos - was in effect a single huge "W" IVB within which all the transitions of
"identity" within the lepton family of particles (including the heavy leptons), and all the transitions of
"flavor" within the quark family of particles (including quarks of the heavy baryons or "hyperons"), could
take place freely without restriction or energy barriers (quark and lepton families were unified among
themselves, but quarks remained separate from leptons.) (See: Brian Greene: "The Fabric of the Cosmos",
page 270, Knopf, 2004.)
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[270] viXra:1011.0017 [pdf] submitted on 10 Nov 2010
Authors: Henry D. May
Comments: 7 pages
The cosmological model of Roland Omnès was abandoned more than 30 years ago because it
failed to show that coalescence was able to continue long enough to produce aggregations as large as the
masses of galaxies. It was also determined that a universe containing antimatter galaxies is inconsistent with
observations of cosmic annihilation radiation. This paper explores the implications of a simple assumption
that suggests a reevaluation of those objections is needed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[269] viXra:1011.0012 [pdf] submitted on 7 Nov 2010
Authors: Leonid I. Filippov
Comments: 11 pages, 8 figures, In Russian
The mass point is moving along the circle of a radius at angular velocity of ω and interacts with
the spherical domain of 3.1026m radius, with a uniform mass and 10-26 kg/m3density. As a result of the treatment
we arrive at the formula for a centrifugal force F = m,ω2.a.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[268] viXra:1011.0011 [pdf] submitted on 6 Nov 2010
Authors: Akindele O. J. Adekugbe
Comments: 15 pages. Paper to appear in Progress in Physics vol.1, 2011, pp. 25-39.
The re-identification of the many-world background of the special theory of relativity
(SR) as four-world background in the first part of this paper (instead of two-wold
background isolated in the initial papers), is concluded in this second part. The flat
two-dimensional proper intrinsic spacetime, which underlies the flat four-dimensional
proper spacetime in each universe, introduced as ansatz in the initial paper, is derived
formally within the four-world picture. The identical magnitudes of masses, identical
sizes and identical shapes of the four members of every quartet of symmetry-partner
particles or objects in the four universes are shown. The immutability of Lorentz invariance
on flat spacetime of SR in each of the four universes is shown to arise as a
consequence of the perfect symmetry of relative motion at all times among the four
members of every quartet of symmetry-partner particles and objects in the four universes.
The The perfect symmetry of relative motions at all times, coupled with the
identical magnitudes of masses, identical sizes and identical shapes, of the members of
every quartet of symmetry-partner particles and objects in the four universes, guarantee
perfect symmetry of state among the universes.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[267] viXra:1011.0010 [pdf] submitted on 6 Nov 2010
Authors: Akindele O. J. Adekugbe
Comments: 22 pages. Paper to appear in Progress in Physics, vol.1, 2011, pp. 3-24.
The pair of co-existing symmetrical universes, referred to as our (or positive) universe
and negative universe, isolated and shown to constitute a two-world background for
the special theory of relativity (SR) in previous papers, encompasses another pair of
symmetrical universes, referred to as positive time-universe and negative time-universe.
The Euclidean 3-spaces (in the context of SR) of the positive time-universe and the
negative time-universe constitute the time dimensions of our (or positive) universe and
the negative universe respectively, relative to observers in the Euclidean 3-spaces of our
universe and the negative universe and the Euclidean 3-spaces of or our universe and
the negative universe constitute the time dimensions of the positive time-universe and
the negative time-universe respectively, relative to observers in the Euclidean 3-spaces
of the positive time-universe and the negative time-universe. Thus time is a secondary
concept derived from the concept of space according to this paper. The one-dimensional
particle or object in time dimension to every three-dimensional particle or object in
3-space in our universe is a three-dimensional particle or object in 3-space in the positive
time-universe. Perfect symmetry of natural laws is established among the resulting
four universes and two outstanding issues about the new spacetime/intrinsic spacetime
geometrical representation of Lorentz transformation/intrinsic Lorentz transformation
in the two-world picture, developed in the previous papers, are resolved within the larger
four-world picture in this first part of this paper.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[266] viXra:1011.0007 [pdf] submitted on 4 Nov 2010
Authors: Lukasz Glinka
Comments: 12 pages, published in Prespacetime Journal 1(9), pp. 1395-1402 (November 2010)
The boson-phonon duality due to inflaton energy is presented in the context
of quantum universes discussed recently by the author. The duality leads
to bonons, i.e. the bosonic-phononic quantum universes. This state of things
manifestly corresponds to the Lewis-Kripke modal realism, and physical
presence of Multiverse in Nature.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[265] viXra:1011.0006 [pdf] submitted on 2 Nov 2010
Authors: Juan Carlos Alcerro Mena
Comments: 11 pages
An unpublished observation made in the theory of relativity, reveals a reality of higher
spatial dimensions which implies a new model of matter, called equivalent photon model of
matter, which displays every particle with rest mass greater than zero, as a photon in a fourdimensional
space (without referring to the space-time). This gives an alternative derivation of
quantum physics, also can observe the reality behind special relativity, arise physical predictions
that not are covered by the existing physical theory and spontaneously arises the concept of fivedimensional
space-time, with its fourth spatial axis of compact type.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[264] viXra:1011.0003 [pdf] submitted on 3 Nov 2010
Authors: Royce Haynes
Comments: 11 pages, Paper 3 in series of 3, "Zero Kelvin Big Bang, an Alternative Paradigm", submitted to Apeiron, November 2, 2010.
In the first paper in this series, we described a "cosmic fabric" which served as the birthplace of our
universe: spin-oriented hydrogen atoms at zero Kelvin in a matrix perhaps infinite and (almost) eternal. In
the second paper we described how a portion of the cosmic fabric ultimately condensed into a
Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), the "primeval atom". In this third paper we describe the Big Bang itself, an
implosion-explosion event involving nuclear fusion of hydrogen into the primordial mix of elements. Using
the ZKBB model, one can calculate the approximate temperature of the Big Bang as 5.7 billion K. The
explosion fragmented the remaining BEC, propelling billions of fragments of "cosmic shrapnel" out from
the locus of the Big Bang, which ultimately evolved into the structures we see in our present universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[263] viXra:1011.0002 [pdf] submitted on 3 Nov 2010
Authors: Royce Haynes
Comments: 8 pages, Paper 2 in series of 3, "Zero Kelvin Big Bang, an Alternative Paradigm", submitted to Apeiron, November 2, 2010.
In the first paper in this series, we described the logic suggesting a "cosmic fabric", which served as the
birthplace of our universe: a sparse distribution of spin-oriented hydrogen atoms at zero Kelvin, perhaps
infinite and (almost) eternal. This second paper describes how a portion of this cosmic fabric could have
condensed into a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). This cold ball of highly concentrated matter may be the
"primeval atom", proposed by Georges Lemaître in 1931, as the starting point for our universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[262] viXra:1011.0001 [pdf] submitted on 3 Nov 2010
Authors: Royce Haynes
Comments: 13 pages, Paper 1 in series of 3, "Zero Kelvin Big Bang, an Alternative Paradigm", submitted to Apeiron, November 2, 2010.
This is the first in a series of papers describing an alternative paradigm for the history of the universe. The
Zero Kelvin Big Bang (ZKBB) theory is compared to the prevailing paradigm of the Standard Big Bang
(SBB), and challenges the notion that the universe is "all there is". Logic suggests that the Big Bang was
not a creation event, but that the universe did have a beginning: a "cosmic fabric" of pre-existing matter, in
pre-existing space. Instead, the ZKBB was a transitional event between that "beginning" and our present
universe. Extrapolating entropy back in time (as SBB does for matter and energy) and applying simple
logic suggests a "cosmic fabric" consisting of the simplest, stable particles of matter, at the lowest energy
state possible: singlet state, spin-oriented atomic hydrogen at zero Kelvin, at a density of, at most, only a
few atoms per cubic meter of space, infinite and (almost) eternal. Papers II and III in this series describe
formation of an atomic hydrogen Bose-Einstein condensate as Lemaître's primeval atom, followed by an
implosion-explosion Big Bang.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[261] viXra:1010.0062 [pdf] submitted on 29 Oct 2010
Authors: R. Clive Woods, Robert M L Baker Jr., Fangyu Li, Gary V. Stephenson, Eric W. Davis, Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 28 pages, 12 figures. Represents a research collaboration of gravwave.com
team members as listed above, from the USA and China
It is generally accepted that under most models of the early universe evolution, highfrequency
gravitational waves (HFGWs) were produced. They are referred to as "relic" highfrequency
gravitational waves or HFRGWs and their detection and measurement could provide
important information on the origin and development of our Universe - information that could not
otherwise be obtained. So far three instruments have been built to detect and measure HFRGWs,
but so far none of them has achieved the required sensitivity. This paper concerns another
detector, originally proposed by Baker in 2000 and patented, which is based upon a recently
discovered physical effect (the Li effect); this detector has accordingly been named the "Li-Baker
detector." The detector has been a joint development effort by the P. R. China and the United
States HFGW research teams. A rigorous examination of the detector's performance is important
in the ongoing debate over the value of attempting to construct a Li-Baker detector and, in
particular, an accurate prediction of its sensitivity will decide whether the Li-Baker detector will
be capable of detecting and measuring HFRGWs. Its sensitivity and noise sources as well as other
operational concerns are discussed here. The potential for useful HFRGW measurement is
theoretically confirmed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[260] viXra:1010.0061 [pdf] submitted on 29 Oct 2010
Authors: R. Wayte
Comments: 7 pages, Research artical submitted to PMC Physics A
Gravitational collapse of diffuse material has been investigated using
a new solution of Einstein's equations of general relativity. This replaces the
theory of black-hole formation developed for the standard vacuum solution of
Schwarzschild. The bodies which now form have reasonable physical properties,
such as nuclear hard core density in collapsed stars, or 104kg/l in galactic centres,
and only 1kg/l in quasars. Accreting material converts to kinetic energy and
radiation, so that a singularity cannot be produced.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[259] viXra:1010.0053 [pdf] submitted on 20 Mar 2010
Authors: Linfan Mao
Comments: 12 pages
A combinatorial spacetime (CGj t) is a smoothly combinatorial manifold C underlying a
graph G evolving on a time vector t. As we known, Einstein's general relativity is suitable
for use only in one spacetime. What is its disguise in a combinatorial spacetime?
Applying combinatorial Riemannian geometry enables us to present a combinatorial
spacetime model for the Universe and suggest a generalized Einstein's gravitational
equation in such model. For finding its solutions, a generalized relativity principle,
called projective principle is proposed, i.e., a physics law in a combinatorial spacetime
is invariant under a projection on its a subspace and then a spherically symmetric multisolutions
of generalized Einstein's gravitational equations in vacuum or charged body
are found. We also consider the geometrical structure in such solutions with physical
formations, and conclude that an ultimate theory for the Universe maybe established
if all such spacetimes in R3. Otherwise, our theory is only an approximate theory and
endless forever.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[258] viXra:1010.0045 [pdf] submitted on 26 Oct 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith, L Glinka
Comments: 12 pages
Linking a shrinking prior universe via a wormhole solution for a pseudo time dependent Wheeler-De Witt
equation may permit the formation of a short-term quintessence scalar field. We claim that the addition of the
wormhole could be equated to an initial configuration of the Einstein field equations, allowing for high-frequency
gravitational waves (HFGW) at the onset of inflation. The virtual worm hole with a large fluctuation permits the
interior region to tunnel into a nascent cosmology with a large vacuum energy defined by that fluctuation in energy.
The universe or cosmology it tunnels from is unaffected from this, other than having a tiny bit of vacuum energy
"robbed." The worm hole is a high energy, but zero temperature, virtual fluctuation. Use of this construction may
permit us to ask if Octonionic quantum gravity[1] constructions are relevant in the pre Planckian regime of
space time.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[257] viXra:1010.0042 [pdf] submitted on 26 Oct 2010
Authors: Yongfeng Yang
Comments: 81 pages
Human's exploration to the universe has achieved a delectable progress since the
foundation of heliocentric theory, but more and more observational results are
doubting some of the established theories. Various discrepancies appear to hint a
significant but still unknown principle owned by the universe. Here we show, all
observable celestial structures in the universe are orderly organized in a series of
hierarchical two-body systems with gravitation. Within these systems, the two
components of each two-body system are orbiting around the barycenter of this
system, and at the same time each two-body system is orbiting around the barycenter
of a superior two-body system. A large number of observations strongly support this
hierarchical association of celestial objects. Under the effect of gravitation, the orbits
of all celestial objects in size are gravitationally shrinking, which determines
large-scale structures a commonly planar rotational profile and accelerative redshifts.
Here a theoretical model is developed to demonstrate the hierarchical built-up of
different celestial structures from small units. A predictable model for measuring the
position of celestial object is also constructed. The formation of both the solar system
and galaxy is hopefully explained. Some unresolved astronomical problems such as
galaxy rotation curve, the momentum of the solar system, flyby anomaly of spacecraft,
and formation of supernova are also explained.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[256] viXra:1010.0033 [pdf] submitted on 22 Oct 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith, L Glinka
Comments: 6 pages
Linking a shrinking prior universe via a wormhole solution for a pseudo time dependent
Wheeler-De Witt equation[1] permits the formation of a short-term quintessence scalar
field [2]. As both Beckwith and Glinka[3] postulated the existence of at least a brief
period of causal discontinuity in the vicinity of Pre Planckian physics space time, the
question is does the construction as given by Crowell[1] for an Octonionic non associator
which leads to the commutation relations between position x and momentum p of quantum
mechanics still hold up? Crowell's derivation heavily depends upon a value of the path
integral of the [xi,pj] over spatial variation equal to - constant times T(ijk). Here,
T(ijk) is a structure constant, which we claim would go to zero if a discontinuity exists,
leading to x.p = p.x in the neighborhood of pre Planckian space time.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[255] viXra:1010.0032 [pdf] submitted on 18 Oct 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith, L Glinka
Comments: 15 pages
Linking a shrinking prior universe via a wormhole solution for a pseudo time dependent Wheeler-De Witt
equation permits the formation of a short-term quintessence scalar field. We claim that our model and the addition of
the wormhole is tied to an initial configuration of the Einstein field equations, allowing for high-frequency gravitational
waves (HFGW) at the onset of inflation. We examine Bunch-Davies vacuum fluctuations[1] of a scalar field,
(see paper for equation), if we use the wave function for an average value of the Hubble parameter
(see paper for equation) , with VeV resulting from Ψ of a pseudo time dependent WdW wave
function [2],[3], and H from initial values of the Friedman equation. The benefit from defining the
Bunch-Davies vacuum fluctuation this way is that there would be a way to obtain partial time evolution of the VeV
and also to ask if Octonionic quantum gravity[2] constructions are relevant in the Planckian regime of
space time.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[254] viXra:1010.0031 [pdf] submitted on 18 Oct 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 10 pages
We make explicit an idea by, T. Padmanabhan in DICE 2010 [1], as to finding "atoms of
space time" permitting a thermodynamic treatment of emergent structure similar to Gibbs treatment of
statistical physics. I.e. an ensemble of gravitons, is used to give an 'atom' of space time congruent with
relic GW . The idea is to reduce the number of independent variables to get a simple emergent space
time structure of entropy. An electric field, based upon the Cosmological Schwinger principle is linked
to relic heat flux, with entropy production tied in with candidates as to inflaton potentials. The effective
electric field links with the Schwinger result, 1951, of an E field leading to pairs of e+ e- charges
nucleated in space-time volume V.t . Note that in most inflationary models, the assumption is for a
magnetic field, not electric field. An electric field permits a kink anti kink construction of an emergent
structure. Also an E filed allows for an emergent relic particle frequency range between one to 100 Giga
Hertz. The novel contribution is a relic E field, instead of a B field, in relic space time "atom$quot; formation
and vacuum nucleation of the same.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[253] viXra:1010.0030 [pdf] submitted on 17 Oct 2010
Authors: Alvydas Jakeliunas
Comments: 3 pages
Here is proposed a new dependence between
speed of light, vacuum permittivity, vacuum permeability and gravitation.
Proposed dependence well explains all known behavior of quantum in gravitation.
Moreover it opens easy enough way to redefine Einstein's theory of gravitation
without using paradigm of curved spacetime.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[252] viXra:1010.0028 [pdf] submitted on 16 Oct 2010
Authors: Willard Mittelman
Comments: 18 pages
An approach to dark energy is presented that combines ideas of causal set theory with a
Machian perspective and a treatment of spacetime as a condensate, yielding a "quantum
potential of spacetime" Q whose density ρ
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[251] viXra:1010.0023 [pdf] submitted on 11 Oct 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 10 pages
Linking a shrinking prior universe via a wormhole solution for a pseudo time dependent Wheeler-De Witt
equation permits the formation of a short-term quintessence scalar field. We claim that our model and the addition of
the wormhole is tied to an initial configuration of the Einstein field equations, allowing for high-frequency gravitational
waves (HFGW) at the onset of inflation. This is due to symmetries in space-time, which enable the creation of highfrequency
gravitational waves. The duration of a wormhole thermal bridge between prior and present universes is less
than Planck's time duration, but has consequences up to our present cosmological era. This also leads to phase
transition changes that form a template for graviton production. The initial conditions so created also suggest optimal
environmental conditions for advanced spacecraft propulsion systems.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[250] viXra:1010.0020 [pdf] submitted on 9 Oct 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 8 pages
Based upon Alcubierre's formalism about energy flux of gravitational waves, as well as Saunder's
treatment of temperature dependence of the Hubble parameter in the early universe, we initiate a
particle count treatment of gravitons, and subsequent entropy generation which gives, via the
standard model treatment of the FRW metric a way to explain/ justify a value of entropy of the order
of S ~ 106-107 at the very onset of inflation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[249] viXra:1010.0015 [pdf] submitted on 7 Oct 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith, Lukasz Glinka
Comments: 18 pages, Published in Prespacetime Journal 1(9), pp. 1358-1375 (November 2010)
The following article begins an analysis of if by first principles there is a way to show time
unidrectionality at the start of creation. Recently J. Vaccarro appealed to Kaon physics to show how
time asymmetry could be violated after the big bang, as well as how and why time asymmetry
vanishes later. We examine the nature of the evolution Hamiltonian after stepping through Vacarro's
analysis and go to where we think it needs to be improved. This answers questions to if both the CPT
theorem and related physics are manifestly violated, or not violated at the beginning of emergent space
time, via judicious use of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, a base of quantum cosmology and quantum
gravity. We initially detail the limits of a derivation given the authors by Vaccaro which claims using
of the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, and suggest ways to suppress the CPT violation, as suggested by
Kaon physics after inflation at the onset of inflation, using refinements suggested by the authors. We
propose to support the Kauffmann treatment of CPT violation as the useful one, as well, and will be
part of long term solutions to this problem. Note that though, Vaccaro incorrectly identifies a
Euclidian representation of the Hamiltonian (energy) function as equal to the Hamiltonian constraint,
which leads to identifying the Schrodinger equation used for Kaon physics with the Wheeler-DeWitt
equation, as H|ψ> = 0 as written by Vaccaro is still usual non-relativistic time-dependent quantum
mechanics and not necessarily linkable to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation, which in the result of primary
quantization of the Hamiltonian constraint and has manifestly absent time, in the vicinity of a
'quantum bounce', or singularity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[248] viXra:1010.0013 [pdf] submitted on 7 Oct 2010
Authors: Dan Visser
Comments: 10 pages
First this: The "dark energy force formula" is used in three theoretical papers,
which introduce a new cosmological model, named the Twin-Tori Model (TTM). This
paper, however describes the introduction of my "thought-experiment", which produced
this "dark energy force formula", in retroperspective. To explain this: The "thoughtexperiment
is dating back to April 4 2004. Then it was published April 4 2010 on my
website [1]. Since then I made some text-modifications without altering the original
mathematical (word) content. The point is, the formula was used by PhD-mathematics and
-Physics, Christopher Forbes (UK) and his colleague, with whom, in co-authorship, three
"papers" were published about the TTM in the viXra-archive[1]. These "papers" describe a
"double torus universe of dark energy and dark matter". So, this "thought-experiment" is
the original paper in a step up to the TTM and submitted exclusively for viXra. The
"thought-experiment" is a "way of logic-thinking" about "scaling away" from each other
two black holes (small and large) under conditions of having a kind of entanglement with
an observer, in order to receive evaporation-information simultaneously from both black
holes. The result was my "dark energy force formula", which seems to be a force in a
higher order universe, the TTM.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[247] viXra:1010.0011 [pdf] submitted on 6 Oct 2010
Authors: Fayçal Ben Adda
Comments: 24 pages, 2 figures.
In this paper, we find out a clear connection between gravity and electromagnetism.
We prove that the universe expansion affects gravity as well as the permittivity
and the permeability of the free space. The use of a special expansion notion in
the special relativity theory to study the inertial frame movement leads to the
existence of an inner connection between gravity and electromagnetism. It turns
out that gravity is perceptible to the surrounding medium via an invariant equation,
which leads to perceive gravity as nothing else than a transverse undulation of the
same medium that is the origin of electric and magnetic phenomena as well as light.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[246] viXra:1010.0009 [pdf] submitted on 4 Oct 2010
Authors: Ron Bourgoin
Comments: 4 pages
The author of viXra:1009.0067 claims that radiation
experiences a contraction in energy in a gravitational field,
such as that of the Earth. Why, then, did Pound-Rebka measure
an increase in energy of radiation?
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[245] viXra:1010.0007 [pdf] submitted on 3 Oct 2010
Authors: Alvydas Jakeliunas
Comments: 1 page
Here is proposed a new equation for speed of light in gravitation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[244] viXra:1010.0003 [pdf] submitted on 1 Oct 2010
Authors: Joseph F. Messina
Comments: 2 pages
It is argued that the failure of dark matter experiments to verify its existence may be attributable to a
non-Planckian 'action,' which renders dark matter's behavior contradictory to the consequences of quantum
mechanics as it applies to luminous matter. It is pointed out that such a possibility cannot be convincingly
dismissed in the absence of a physical law that prohibits an elementary 'action' smaller than Planck's. It
is further noted that no purely dark matter measurement of Planck's constant exists.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[243] viXra:1009.0075 [pdf] submitted on 28 Sep 2010
Authors: Giuliano Bettini
Comments: 18 pages. In Italian, a short English version is included.
Recently gravitoelectromagnetism ("GEM") has been discussed by a number of authors. In this
paper, after a brief reminder of viXra:1008.0042 "An interpretation of the laws of gravity and
inertia", it is shown that the law of motion and the gravitoelectromagnetic fields can be deduced
from the Lagrange function of a non relativistic particle in a non inertial reference frame. The
discussion has been extended to the Faraday induction law: a gravity field can be induced in a loop
if the gravitomagnetic flux through the loop is changed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[242] viXra:1009.0074 [pdf] submitted on 27 Sep 2010
Authors: John Michael Williams
Comments: 6 pages
If light is made of particles or waves which propagate at the same
speed in all inertial frames, then the speed of light is the greatest
speed possible.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[241] viXra:1009.0067 [pdf] submitted on 23 Sep 2010
Authors: Alvydas Jakeliunas
Comments: 1 page
New equations to eliminate spacetime curvature.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[240] viXra:1009.0065 [pdf] submitted on 23 Sep 2010
Authors: Willard Mittelman
Comments: 3 pages
We discuss a recent attempt by Gogberashvili and Kanatchikov to derive the value of the fine structure
constant α using cosmological parameters. We correct some errors in the proposed derivation, as well
as modifying the authors' account of dark energy. As a result of these corrections and modifications,
a viable derivation of α's value is obtained, thereby vindicating the basic approach of the above authors.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[239] viXra:1009.0059 [pdf] submitted on 20 Sep 2010
Authors: Karunakar Marasakatla
Comments: 3 pages
Answers to ten simple questions is explored in the standard theory of Physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[238] viXra:1009.0057 [pdf] submitted on 18 Sep 2010
Authors: V.V. Demjanov
Comments: 5 pages
We show that measured by S.Herrmann et al., Phys.Rev.D 80, 105011 (2009) the relatively small variation
δν of the resonance frequency of a chosen mode of an evacuated optical resonator, when changing its orientation in
space, can not serve as an indication of the absence of a preferred direction related with the motion of the setup in
aether. In order to detect the absolute motion and determine the value and direction of its velocity, the volume of the
resonator should be regarded, at any degree of evacuation, as being an optical medium, with its refractive index
n > 1 to be necessarily taken into account, irrespective of the extent of the medium's tenuity.
If the working body is a gas then δν is proportional to n2-1 and to the square of the velocity υ that the
resonator moves with in aether. At sufficiently large values of optical density, δν is proportional to (n2-1)(2-n2),
and at n > 1.5 it may possess such a great value that there even becomes possible a hopping of the automatic laser
frequency trimmer from the chosen mode of the reference resonator to its adjacent modes. Taking into account the
effect of the medium permeability in experiments with resonators performed by the scheme of the Michelson
experiment enabled us to estimate the absolute speed of the Earth as several hundreds kilometers per second.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[237] viXra:1009.0056 [pdf] submitted on 18 Sep 2010
Authors: Arkadiusz Jadczyk
Comments: 60 pages
Using the standard Cayley transform and elementary tools it is
reiterated that the conformal compactification of the Minkowski space
involves not only the "cone at infinity" but also the 2-sphere that is at
the base of this cone. We represent this 2-sphere by two additionally
marked points on the Penrose diagram for the compactified Minkowski
space. Lacks and omissions in the existing literature are described,
Penrose diagrams are derived for both, simple compactification and its
double covering space, which is discussed in some detail using both the
U(2) approach and the exterior and Clifford algebra methods. Using
the Hodge * operator twistors are realized as spinors (i.e., vectors
of a faithful irreducible representation of the even Clifford algebra)
for the conformal group O(4, 2). Killing vector fields corresponding
to the left action of U(2) on itself are explicitly calculated. Isotropic
cones and corresponding projective quadrics in pseudo-Hermitian spaces
Hp,q are also discussed. Applications to flat conformal structures,
including the normal Cartan connection and conformal development
has been discussed in some detail.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[236] viXra:1009.0023 [pdf] submitted on 7 Sep 2010
Authors: Xavier Terri Castañé
Comments: 11 pages
Connected theory is not only a theory about gravitation. It is the
theory that has eliminate absolute space and inertials reference frames of
Newton-Einstein. Presentation of the relational metric that eliminates absolute rotation
movements.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[235] viXra:1009.0001 [pdf] submitted on 1 Sep 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments:
5 pages, no figures. Specifically written to answer a question about a non standard departure from usual
degrees of freedom theory , as reported by Kolb and Turner, with usual peak values of N(T) ~ 102
The following document attempts to answer the role additional degrees of freedom have as to
initial inflationary cosmology. A comparison is made to two representations of a scale
evolutionary Friedman equation, with one of the equations based upon LQG, and another
involving an initial Hubble expansion parameter with initial temperature
TPlanck ~ 1019 GeV
used as an input into T4 times N(T). The upshot is that initial assumptions as
to the number of degrees of freedom has for TPlanck
~ 1019 GeV a maximum value of N(T)~ 103 .
Making that upper end approximation for the value of permissible degrees of freedom is
dependent upon a minimum grid size length as of about lPlanck ~ 1033 centimeters. Should the
minimum uncertainty and permissible grid size for space time be significantly higher than be
much higher than lPlanck ~ 1033 centimeters, the net effect will be to reduce to top level value of
N(T)~ 103 to something lower. The author submits that such degrees of freedom is important for
initial configurations for the initial configuration of the arrow of time , i.e entropy growth for
reasons which will be made clear in the manuscript.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[234] viXra:1008.0093 [pdf] submitted on 31 Aug 2010
Authors: J. Arnold
Comments: 14 Pages
It is proposed that light is at absolute rest, its apparent motion being the reflection
of the motion of mass in time. The hypothesis resolves the paradox of the
apparent wave/particle duality of light, accounts for its speed being invariant and
a limit, explains numerous other peculiarities of its behavior, and identifies the
motion of mass in time as the source of gravitational energy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[233] viXra:1008.0075 [pdf] submitted on 26 Aug 2010
Authors: V.V.Demjanov
Comments: 4 Pages
In 1960s several authors began independently studies of the
interferometric detection of "aether wind" using in the device optical media. Shamir&Fox in 1969
made measurements on the plexiglas and declared them "negative" (whereas they registered the shift
of the fringe at ~1/3000 of its width, and "determined" a corresponding to it velocity of aether
wind ~6.6 km/s). In 1973 Trimmer et al. mounted at the one-armed device the glass optics and
registered with a big resolution the shift of the interference fringe (at most ~10–6
of its width) and determined by it the speed of "aether wind" ~3.8 cm/s. This result enhanced still
more the confidence in that the attempts to detect aether are unfavorable. However, my results of
the same years being favorable fell out of the common line of "negative" verdicts to aether. I
managed to register on gases, liquids and solid optical materials million times greater relative
fringe shifts (0.01÷5.0), revealed the horizontal projection of the aether wind velocity
hundreds km/s. Since my results "weakened the experimental foundation of special relativity",
their publishing is rejected until now.
In the current report I argue reasonably, relying on my experience, that Trimmer et al. (as well as Shamir &Fox), actually obtained positive results in their measurements of aether wind which amounts to several hundreds km/s, proceeding from the declared by them resolution of their experimental units. I believe their experimental data. But I guess that they were faced with hidden artefacts in the interferometer with solid optic materials and not aware of it. The theory used by them for processing the measurements of the interference fringe shift obtained is not appropriate for interferometers with solid optical materials. I have found the possible reason why Trimmer et al. did not reveal the experimental facts undermining theories repudiating aether.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[232] viXra:1008.0072 [pdf] submitted on 25 Aug 2010
Authors: J. Arnold
Comments: 2 Pages
Gravitation is described as a uniquely geometric phenomenon, incompatible with the
concepts of force and energy, and only analogically associable with non-geometric mathematical
formalizations. In particular, the mathematical derivation of gravitational waves from the field
equations is shown to be arbitrary and physically untenable.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[231] viXra:1008.0065 [pdf] submitted on 24 Aug 2010
Authors: Emil D. Gigov
Comments: 18 pages
Very true scientists, such as Rutherford, Soddy, Michelson, Sagnac, Lenard, Larmor,
McMillan and others, have claimed, that the Theory of relativity is wrong. Even Poincare
and Einstein are hinted something similar. Classical physics is far from simple, already
during the XIX century has been spoken about things like gravity waves, nuclear power and
variable mass. Theory of relativity as a whole, is based only on the hypothesis, that
the speed of light in Euclidean empty space is, invariant universal constant. But in
reality this velocity is variable, in Newtonian sense. Newton's emission theory of light,
has been proven through many experiments, for example by those of Michelson, Sagnac and
Fizeau. Also, the velocity of photons in one ray, is variable with respect to lateral
observer, and is consistent with the classical law for velocity addition.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[230] viXra:1008.0060 [pdf] submitted on 22 Aug 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments:
17 pages, one figure. A distillation of work done since January 2010:
Last 9 months of derivational work done, and condensed on DM, DE, and Arrow of time issues w.r.t. gravitons, coherent states of gravitons <=> GW, and other issues. From
conference material from Beyond the Standard Model, 2010, S.A, Dark Side of the Universe in Leon, Mexico, Rudn 10 of Moscow, Fundamental Frontiers of Physics, 11,
Paris, Blois, France, 2010. MAIN work is in cross referencing different research and
regularizing what was, initially partly contradictory research results. This is the result.
Source document for all these discussions condensed to 17 pages. Done to cross
reference numerous issues which the author will bring up in DICE itself.
Commentary from DICE, will lead to a substantially revised document, i.e. that is to
be expected considering the quality of the attendees at DICE, which is very high.
First phase of preparation for a 8-10 page conference proceedings entry for DICE 2010
This document is due to a question by Debasish of the Saha institute of India asked in the Dark Side
of the Universe conference, 2010, in Leon, Mexico[1], and also is connected with issues as to the
initial configuration of the arrow of time brought up in both Rudn 10 [2], in Rencontres de Blois[3],
and Fundamental frontiers of physics 11 [4], in Paris, in July 2010. Further reference is made as to
how to reconcile early inflation with re acceleration, partly by dimensional analysis and partly due to
recounting a suggestion as by Yurov [5] , which the author thinks has merit and which ties into, to a
point with using massive gravitons as a re acceleration of the universe a billion years ago enabler, as
perhaps a variant of DE.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[229] viXra:1008.0058 [pdf] submitted on 21 Aug 2010
Authors: John Michael Williams
Comments: 9 Pages.
Two cosmonauts had been living in an obscure compartment of the Mir Orbiter for
seven years, ever since Ground Control inadvertently omitted them from a list of return
passengers...
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[228] viXra:1008.0055 [pdf] submitted on 20 Aug 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments:
2 pages, 1 figure. Actual proceedings submission to the Rencontres De Blois 2010 conference ,
with an emphasis upon issues brought up earlier, in a less organized fashion un Rudn 10,
in Moscow, May 30.
Initial relic entropy growth is presented in the context of a zero valued chemical potential and
different formulations of overall energy values, which may be tied into massive gravitons
appearing at the onset of inflation This is contrasted with the role of gravitons with non zero rest
mass in four dimensions a billion years ago. Questions as to if an interplay between two
different regimes for 'heavy' gravity are presented s open research issues.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[227] viXra:1008.0053 [pdf] submitted on 20 Aug 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments:
7 pages, one figure. Significant enhancement of arrow of time issue at the onset of
inflation which will be brought up in the DICE meeting , with other topics, in
September 13-17, 2010.
This investigation sets forth initial conditions for a start of the arrow of time in cosmology based
upon the idea that of having initil degrees of freedom set as gstar ~ 1000 initially , instead of a
maximum value of gstar ~ 100 - 120 for the number of degrees of freedom during the electro
weak era.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[226] viXra:1008.0052 [pdf] submitted on 19 Aug 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments:
5 pages. One figure. Contribution to the Rudn 10 conference
by Andrew Beckwith, in a parallel session in cosmology, May 30, 2010
at Peoples Friendship University, Moscow, Russia as a guest of the
Russian Gravitational society.
We ask if setting the vanishing chemical potential limit μ -> 0 with
entropy S ∝ T3 [1] for a number of degrees of freedom significantly
greater than the standard electroweak value of gstar ~ 100 - 120, do we
have a new foundation for the arrow of time in quantum cosmology
with inflation?
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[225] viXra:1008.0051 [pdf] submitted on 18 Aug 2010
Authors: Philip Gibbs
Comments:
11 pages, this is an updated version of an earlier paper originally archived as arXiv:gr-qc/9701028.
The cosmological constant has been added to the analysis, plus other small additions. Submitted to Prespacetime Journal.
A covariant formula for conserved currents of energy, momentum and angular-momentum is
derived from a general form of Noether's theorem applied directly to the Einstein-Hilbert
action of classical general relativity. Energy conservation in closed and flat big-bang
cosmologies including cosmic radiation and dark energy is discussed as special cases.
Special care is taken to distinguish between kinematic and dynamic expressions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[224] viXra:1008.0050 [pdf] submitted on 18 Aug 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments:
12 pages, 1 figure. Part of what will be brought up in DICE
2010, as of September 13-17, 2010, in Italy . The other part of the DICE
presentation will be finished by the end of next week
We ask the question if an entropy S = E/T with a usual value
ascribed of initial entropy S ~ 105 of the onset of inflation can allow
an order of magnitude resolution of the question of if there could be a
survival of a graviton from a prior to the present universe, using typical
Planckian peak temperature values of T ~ 1019 GeV. We obtain the
values consistent with up to 1038 gravitons contributing to an energy
value of E ~ 1024 GeV if we assume a relic energy contribution based
upon each graviton initially exhibiting a frequency spike of 1010 Hz.
The value of E ~ 1024 GeV is picked from looking at the aftermath of
what happens if there exists a quantum bounce with a peak density
value of ρmaximum ~ 2.07 ρPlanck as has been considered recently by
P. Malkiewicz and W. Piechocki [15] in the LQG bounce regime radii
of the order of magnitude of l ~ 1035 meters. In this paper estimates
specifically avoids using S = (E - μN)/T are done, by setting vanishing
chemical potential μ = 0 for ultra high temperatures. Finally
we compare briefly the obtained results with the ones recently investigated
by G. 't Hooft [20] and L.A. Glinka [21, 22].
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[223] viXra:1008.0046 [pdf] submitted on 17 Aug 2010
Authors: Stephan J. G. Gift
Comments: 8 pages
Light speed variation relative to a moving observer occurring
according to classical velocity composition is demonstrated using
Doppler Shift. This directly contradicts the light speed invariance
postulate of special relativity and confirms ether drift.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[222] viXra:1008.0045 [pdf] submitted on 16 Aug 2010
Authors: Hyoyoung Choi
Comments: 5 Pages.
This letter explains that density of positive mass and negative mass is almost uniformly throughout the whole
universe, but density of positive mass and negative mass included in a random universe radius R can be different
from each other. Like this, positive, zero, negative values of total gravitational potential energy are all possible
due to density difference of positive mass and negative mass included in a random universe radius R. This letter
is showing possibility in explaining the decelerating expansion and accelerating expansion due to density difference
of positive mass and negative mass because negative mass and positive mass conducts different forms of movement
depending on the density difference of positive mass and negative mass. As change of total gravitational potential
energy sign occurs from UT=0 and total gravitational potential energy oscillates based on 0. This provides valid
explanation regarding to the problems of the
atness of the universe and fine tuning.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[221] viXra:1008.0042 [pdf] submitted on 12 Aug 2010
Authors: Giuliano Bettini
Comments: 16 Pages. v1 in Italian, v2 in English
Ideas on a source of inertia from fixed stars have crossed Physics least Mach
onwards. Equations "Maxwell-like" for gravitation and inertia were obtained by
several authors as a subspecies of the simplified theory of General Relativity. A
precursor was Dennis Sciama.
Introducing a four-potential, I submit here a tentative interpretation of our laws about
gravity and inertia, in complete analogy with electromagnetism.
In classical mechanics is not introduced, usually, a four potential.
The field produced by this four-potential describes both gravitational and inertial
forces.
Admit the gauge transformation on potential is equivalent to enunciate the
equivalence principle, and vice versa.
Inertial forces (ex. Coriolis force) are interpreted as a field action.
All the inertia is interpreted as a field action.
The physical presence of this field seems to be a fact, even more concrete the usual
admission of inertial "fictitious forces".
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[220] viXra:1008.0035 [pdf] submitted on 12 Aug 2010
Authors: Stephan J. G. Gift
Comments: 8 pages
The one-way speed of light is determined using the range measurement
equation of the Global Positioning System. This equation has been rigorously and
extensively tested and verified in the Earth-Centred Inertial frame, a frame that moves
with the Earth as it revolves around the Sun but does not share its rotation. The result is a
simple demonstration of one-way light speed anisotropy depending on the direction of
propagation relative to the rotating Earth that contradicts the principle of light speed
constancy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[219] viXra:1008.0027 [pdf] submitted on 10 Aug 2010
Authors: Juan Andrés Musante Apolo
Comments: 44 pages
A Lagrangian depending on geometric variables (metric, affine connection, gauge group
generators) is given which maintains compatibility with General Relativity. It generates
the dynamics for Electromagnetism and other Gauge Fields along with Gravitation, at
the time it gives a geometric foundation for the stress-energy tensor of continuous
matter. The geometric-invariance principle under this integration is exposed and the
resulting field equations are obtained. The theory is developed over the tangent space
of a four-dimensional real manifold and the generators become those from the Homogenous
Lorentz group.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[218] viXra:1008.0023 [pdf] submitted on 8 Aug 2010
Authors: Morgan D. Rosenberg
Comments: 10 pages
By considering the gravitational field as an optical medium with a radially-dependent
index of refraction, we are able to show that a physical model of space being radially
compressed by mass, rather than curved by mass, as in general relativity, yields the
same results predicted by Einstein's theory of general relativity. We are further able
to show that this spatial compression is equivalent to the Lorentz contraction of
special relativity. The predictions of general relativity are all derived with relatively
basic mathematics without reliance on the grossly complex Riemannian geometry needed
for Einstein's curved space-time model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[217] viXra:1008.0009 [pdf] submitted on 5 Aug 2010
Authors: Chun-Xuan Jiang
Comments: 7 Pages.
In this paper we find a new gravitational formula:
F-bar = -mc2/R = and establish an expansion theory of the
universe with no dark matter and no dark energy
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[216] viXra:1008.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2 Aug 2010
Authors: V.V. Demjanov
Comments: 5 Pages.
Up to 1960ies the measurement of the aether wind velocity by the technology of Michelson
presumed that a medium placed across the path of light rays has no substantial significance (except
as being an obstacle) for obtaining the expected shift of the interference fringe from the brought
together orthogonal rays on the interference of the turnabout device. In 1960ties several authors
began independent research on the Michelson-type interferometers with different optical media used
as light carriers. J.Shamir and R.Fox declared "negative" the results of their measurements on
the plexiglas (though they registered the fringe shift 1/3000 fraction of the fringe's width and
determined the respective velocity of aether wind 6.5 km/s). The authors considered this result as
"enhancing the experimental basis of special relativity", and their report has been published. My
results of same years appeared to be positive. I managed to register on gaseous, liquid and solid
optically transparent bodies hundred times greater relative shifts of the fringe (0.01-5.0) giving for
horizontal projection of the aether wind velocity the value hundreds km/s. At different times of day
and night at the latitude of Obninsk city I registered the changing of this velocity in the interval
140-480 km/s. Insofar as my results "weaken the experimental basis of special relativity", their
publication is still refused.
I will show in the present report, basing on my experimental experience, that in reality Shamir and
Fox obtained positive results. The historical precedence of misunderstanding the positive
measurements of aether wind of the order 200-400 km/s, performed by Michelson and Miller in 1920-1930ies
at lengthened to 32 m air light carriers, described by me in arXiv:0910.5658v3, 24 June 2010,
repeated in the work by Shamir and Fox. Misunderstood was another artifact, manifesting itself in an
interferometer with a solid light carrier. In the current work, I explain the nature of this artifact,
hiding from Shamir and Fox their experimental success in detecting the aether wind velocity of
hundreds km/s. I discussed also the inadequacy of their own interpretation of the results.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[215] viXra:1007.0051 [pdf] submitted on 29 Jul 2010
Authors: Bertrand Wong
Comments: 14 pages
The Special Theory of Relativity postulates that the velocity of light
would always be invariant at 186,000 miles per second at all inertial
frames. The paper examines this aspect of the Theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[214] viXra:1007.0044 [pdf] submitted on 12 Jul 2010
Authors: Raymond W Jensen
Comments: 19 pages, Presented at the SPESIF-2010 Conference at JHU Applied Physics lab in Feb. 2010
Using a three-particle entangled system (triple), it is possible in principle to transmit
signals faster than the speed of light from sender to receiver in the following manner:
From an emitter, for every triple, particles 1 and 2 are sent to the receiver and 3 to the
sender. The sender is given the choice of whether or not to measure polarization of
particle 3. Meanwhile the receiver measures particle correlation vs. relative polarization
angle for the polarizers of particles 1 and 2. The particle 1 and 2 correlation statistics
depend on whether or not particle 3 polarization was measured, instantaneously. This
dependence is a basis for faster-than-light communication.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[213] viXra:1007.0043 [pdf] submitted on 26 Jul 2010
Authors: Golden Gadzirayi Nyambuya, Mabedle Donald Ngobeni
Comments: 21 pages, 10 figures, 1 table.
Departing from the traditional case where one twin stays put while the other rockets into space, we consider
the case of identically accelerated twins. Both twins depart at uniform relativistic speeds in opposite directions for
a round trip from the Earth on their 21th birthday destined into space to some distant constellation that is a distance L0 in
the rest frame of the Earth. A "proper" application of the Special Theory of Relativity (STR) tells us that the Earth bound
observers will conclude that on the day of reunion, both twins must both have aged the same albeit their clocks (which where
initially synchronized with that of the Earth bound observers) will have registered a duration less than that registered by the
Earth bound observers. In the traditional twin paradox, it is argued that the stay at home twin will have aged more than
the traveling twin and the asymmetry is attributed to the fact that the travelling twin's frame of reference is not an inertial
reference frame during the periods of acceleration and deceleration making it illegal for the travelling twin to use the STR
in their frame, thus "resolving" the paradox. This same argument does not hold in the case considered here as both twins
will undergo identical experiences where each twin sees the other as the one that is in motion. This means, each twin must
conclude that the other twin is the one that is younger. They will conclude that their ages must be numerically different, thus
disagreeing with the Earth bound observers that their ages are the same. This leads us to a true paradox whose resolution is
found in the deduction that motion must be absolute. We provide a thought-experiment on how to measure absolute motion.
Through this thought-experiment, we extend the second postulate of the STR to include the direction of propagation of light,
namely that not only is the speed of light the same for all observers, but the direction of propagation as-well. Succinctly, the
speed of light along its direction of motion in the absolute frame of reference is the same for all observers in the Universe.
In an effort to try and resolve the symmetric twin paradox, we set-forth a relativistic aether model, which at best can be
described as the Special Theory of Relativity in Absolute Space. By recalibrating several experiments performed by other
researchers in the past, we find that the Earth's speed through the aether is in the range 240 ± 80 kms-1.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[212] viXra:1007.0038 [pdf] submitted on 24 Jul 2010
Authors: V.V. Demjanov
Comments: 11 pages
More than hundred years the opinion persists
that Michelson interferometer can not detect aether wind by
effects of first order with respect to the ratio υ/c. Below there will be shown
that the degenerations of the interfer-ometer's sensitivity to effects of first order can be lifted
changing the traditional configurations of the device. My experiment demonstrated that a two-media
device operating at effects of first order can reliably measure the shift of the interference fringe
(and thus the speed of "aether wind"), and much more successfully than by Michelson interferometer
operating at effects of second order. Unlike in the traditional approach, in the interferometer of
first order light rays (after splitting at semi-transparent plate) propagate in both orthogonal arms
to rebounding mirrors in a one optical medium (with the dielectric permittivity
ε1), and return after reflection to a plate re-uniting them for
interference via another medium (with the dielectric permittivity ε2).
The shift of interference fringe is reliably registered (in rotation of the interferometer by
90o) even at gas light carrying pairs with arm's length up to 1 m. With this
the fringe shift appears to be proportional to υ/c and difference
ε1–ε2.
The experimental findings have been interpreted basing on
classical scheme of ray optics by two methods: 1) with the Fresnel model of dragging light by
moving optical medium neglecting terms quadratic in υ/c (including the
Lorentz contraction of the longitudinal to v arm as quadratic with respect to υ/c), 2)
with the classical theory of the frequency dispersion of moving dielectric media, supplemented by the accounting
classical and relativistic Doppler effects describing translatory motion (with velocity v) of particles of
interferometer light carriers in aether. From observations of the fringe shift on the interferometer of first order
with respect to υ/c there was found (at the latitude of Obninsk) the change of the horizontal
projection of the Earth's velocity relative to luminiferous aether in the limits 140<υ<480 km/s
depending on the local time of the day and night.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[211] viXra:1007.0024 [pdf] submitted on 16 Jul 2010
Authors: Bruce Rout
Comments: 12 pages
There has been some controversy over the validation of using the
period/luminosity relationship of Cepheid variables to measure the
distance to galaxies[2]. We present here a statistical analysis of distance
variations for 21 galaxies between Cepheid variables and Roxy's Ruler.
The analysis shows there is no systemic error in Measurements to
galaxies using Cepheid variables and that such measurements are valid within
well defined degrees of error.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[210] viXra:1007.0022 [pdf] submitted on 13 Jul 2010
Authors: P A Jackson, R K Nixey
Comments: 23 pages
We uncover an error of conception, influential on physics at a critical moment. Refraction due
to relative motion was observed from the incorrect inertial frame for Stellar Aberration, the
path 'dragged' by the new medium. Lodge discussed and showed this[1] in his influential 1893
paper following Michelson & Morley's null result. Jones's 1970 glass disks experiment
repeated it.[2] Within the frames of moving media lights paths refract towards the normal, as
in more dense media at rest. We show how in the Special Theory of Relativity (SR) using the
correct observer frame is essential and how this wrongly affected consideration of Stellar
Aberration and Stokes Ether Drag theory. We test subtle variations on Young's experiment,
and consider, non-technically, implications on and relationship with SR, the interstellar
medium, and EM field potential. Through the Huygens-Fresnel Principle,[3] WFS,
interplanetary shocks and FM a possible simple clarification of SR emerges to connect it with
a quantum mechanism, apparently requiring no more field than GR. We test it's predictive
power and ability to remove perceived paradox and dissent. New perspectives on Snell and
Fermat arise from a discrete field model using Einsteins 1952 view that 'space' is actually;
"infinitely many spaces in relative motion."
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[209] viXra:1007.0018 [pdf] submitted on 11 Jul 2010
Authors: Chun-Xuan Jiang
Comments: 14 pages
This paper explains the behavior of the entire universe from the smallest to the largest
scales,found an equation that changed the universe: F-bar = -mc2/R, established the
expansion theory of the universe without dark matter and dark energy, It shows that gravity
is action-at-a-distance and that a gravitational wave is unobservable.Thus,a new universe
model is suggested that the universe has a centre consisting of the tachyonic matter.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[208] viXra:1007.0008 [pdf] submitted on 7 Jul 2010
Authors: Frederick E. Alzofon
Comments: 20 Pages.
Correction of an omission in A. Einstein's operational definitions of time and
space intervals in the special theory of relativity leads to an improved phenomenological
and conceptual foundation for a previously proposed unified field theory. In combination
with Einstein's researches on the fluctuation in energy of black body radiation, there results
a "new and simple idea" of the kind Professor Richard Feynman felt to be
necessary for the solution of the cosmological constant problem. A brief description of
the formalism of the theory is presented. The infinite zero-point energy of the vacuum
is eliminated. A model for the origin of inertial mass and dark matter-energy is deduced.
The resulting relation between observed matter and dark matter-energy leads to a restriction
on their magnitudes. The magnitudes of the latter quantities are then estimated
from astronomical data. A model is proposed for the origin of the gravitational field in
terms of a dynamic process at the basis of the proposed theory. The success of the special
theory of relativity in predicting the results of three crucial observations establishing
the validity of the general theory of relativity and the elimination of the infinite vacuum
energy suggest that the unified field theory can lead to a solution of the cosmological
constant problem.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[207] viXra:1007.0001 [pdf] submitted on 1 Jul 2010
Authors: Xavier Terri Castañé
Comments: 11 pages
It is generally considered that the Doppler effect, predicted by the theory of
special relativity of Einstein, is an indirect proof for the correctness of the Lorentz
transformations. In this article it appears the formula for the Doppler effect from the new
relational transformations. We also study the relationship between the Doppler effect and the
time dilation of Einstein's special relativity theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[206] viXra:1006.0051 [pdf] submitted on 21 Jun 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments:
6 pages, 1 figure. Set of notes being turned into an article as to inter
relating a graviton count, versus gravitational waves. Will be part of discussions
raised in conferences this summer.
coming up with specifics as far as the inter relationship
The following questions are raised. First, can there be a stable (massive) graviton? Secondly, what
is the relationship between a Gravity Wave, and Gravitons? The inter relationship between a graviton,
and a gravity wave is raised, with an idea of eventually making sense of a numerical count presented
by Claus Kieffer, in his book on Quantum gravity, in conjunction with how a gravity wave/ graviton
count could have some over lap.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[205] viXra:1006.0045 [pdf] submitted on 18 Jun 2010
Authors: Antoine Acke
Comments:
37 pages.
The theory of gravitoelectromagnetism (G.E.M.) - that assumes a perfect isomorphism
between electromagnetism and gravitation - has been established by Oliver Heaviside (1) and
Oleg Jefimenko (2). Within the framework of general relativity, G.E.M. has been discussed by
a number of authors (3). It is shown that the gravitational analogs to Maxwell's equations (the
G.E.M. equations) can be derived from the Einstein field equation.
In this paper we propose an alternative theoretical foundation of G.E.M.: we explain the
gravitational interactions, we identify the physical quantities that play a role in that context,
and we mathematically derive the laws of gravitoelectromagnetism .
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[204] viXra:1006.0028 [pdf] submitted on 15 Jun 2010
Authors: Fernando Loup
Comments: 22 Pages. This work develops the Natario Warp Drive from ther arXiv paper gr-qc/0110086.
Natario Warp Drive is one of the most exciting Spacetimes of General Relativity.It was the second
Spacetime Metric able to develop Superluminal Velocities.However in the literature about Warp Drives
the Natario Spacetime is only marginally quoted.Almost all the available literature covers the Alcubierre
Warp Drive. It is our intention to present here the fully developed Natario Warp Drive Spacetime and
its very interesting features.Our presentation is given in a more accessible mathematical formalism
following the style of the current Warp Drive literature destined to graduate students of physics since
the original Natario Warp Drive paper of 2001 was presented in a sophisticated mathematical formalism
not accessible to average students. Like the Alcubierre Warp Drive Spaceime that requires a continuous
function f(rs) in order to be completely analyzed or described we introduce here the Natario Shape
Function n(r) that allows ourselves to study the amazing physical features of the Natario Warp Drive.
The non-existence of a continuous Shape Function for the Natario Warp Drive in the original 2001 work
was the reason why Natario Warp Drive was not covered by the standard literature in the same degree of
coverage dedicated to the Alcubierre Warp Drive. We hope to change the situation because the Natario
Warp Drive looks very promising.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[203] viXra:1006.0027 [pdf] submitted on 15 Jun 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments:
5 pages, one figure. Initial work for possible submission to the DSU 2010 conference
proceedings. Contains answer to question asked by Dr. Debasish Majumdar of the Saha
institute, India, as to massive graviton stability which the author tried to answer.
The following questions are raised in this document. First, can there be a stable (massive) graviton? If so, does
this massive graviton, as modeled by KK DM, with a modification of slight 4 dimensional space mass, contribute to DE,
at least in terms of re acceleration ? The answer, if one assumes that the square of a frequency for graviton mass is real
valued and greater than zero appears to be affirmative. The author, when considering a joint DM - DE model finds
evidence that re acceleration of the universe one billion years ago in a higher dimensional setting can be justified in terms
of a slight modification of standard KK DM models, if one considers how an information exchange between present to
prior universes occurs, which the author thinks mandates more than four dimensional space time geometry.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[202] viXra:1006.0026 [pdf] submitted on 14 Jun 2010
Authors: John L. O'Sullivan
Comments:
6 pages
Existences have tangible dimensions and intangible dimensions. The
tangible dimensions have finite energy responsible for mass and universal space-time
and the intangible dimensions have infinite energy without beginning or end. This
report will show the relation between mass and infinity where the speed of light is
common to both giving an understanding of time and matter in the electromagnetic
wave field.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[201] viXra:1006.0025 [pdf] submitted on 14 Jun 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments:
39 pages, talk for Rudn 10, Moscow, June 30, 2010. 3 figures. Divided into two themes . 1st :Criteria for
Massive graviton stability, and 2nd : Applications of a massive graviton, if stable, to a modification of
KK DM to possibly insure DE re acceleration 1 billion years ago
Delineating conditions for the existence of a stable (massive) graviton mass, and its possible role in
mimicking DE one billion years ago in the re acceleration of the universe
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[200] viXra:1006.0023 [pdf] submitted on 11 Mar 2010
Authors: Leonardo F. D. da Motta
Comments:
5 pages, Paper in Portugues.
Paper about the Smarandache Hypothesis that there is no speed barrier in the universe and one can construct any speed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[199] viXra:1006.0022 [pdf] submitted on 12 Jun 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments:
6 pages, no figures. Relies upon determining if a frequency, for a graviton is, when squared positive definite, and real valued. The idea may be part of a Rudn 10
presentation June 30, in Moscow, along with a brief introduction to the author's ideas
about a joint DM-DE model, heavily dependent upon this concept of stable gravitons with
very small mass. If not used in Rudn 10, it will be part of a poster in Rencontres De Blois,
in July 15-20, 2010
This document is due to a question asked in the Dark Side of the Universe conference, 2010, in
Leon, Mexico, when a researcher from India asked the author about how to obtain a stability analysis
of massive gravitons. The answer to this question involves an extension of the usual Pauli_Fiertz
Langrangian, with non zero graviton mass contributing to a relationship between the trace of a re
done GR stress-energy tensor ( assuming non zero graviton mass) , and the trace of a re done
symmetric tensor, times a tiny mass for a 4 dimensional graviton. The resulting analysis makes use
of Visser's treatment of a stress energy tensor, with experimental applications discussed in the
resulting analysis. If the square of frequency of a massive graviton is real valued and greater than
zero, stability can be possibly confirmed experimentally.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[198] viXra:1006.0017 [pdf] submitted on 8 Jun 2010
Authors: Roald C. Maximo
Comments: 2 pages
Very often, in the history of science, amazingly simple phenomena, when initially misunderstood, may become laden with
prejudice and somewhat mystical connotations and, since then, are passed on from generation to generation for no better reason then
magister dixit. One example already discussed here [1] has been stellar aberration. But there is nevertheless a very special case where in
trying to explain the null result of the Michelson and Morley experiment scientists, just to keep up to their prejudices, chose the weirdest
explanations; instrument length contraction or ether drag !
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[197] viXra:1006.0010 [pdf] submitted on 4 Jun 2010
Authors: Davide Fiscaletti
Comments: 12 pages
Clocks are measuring systems for the numerical order, speed and frequency of material
changes that run into space. Time does not run into space on its own, time exists only as
numerical order, speed and frequency of material change. Stellar objects and particles move into
space only and not into time. Gravitational interaction between material objects is the result of
curvature of space that is determined by the granular structure of space. Density of the elementary
grains of space depends on density of universal cosmic mass, higher is the density of universal
cosmic mass lower is the density of grains of empty space. Density of empty space is the physical
basis of its curvature. Material objects have a tendency to move into direction of lower density and
higher curvature of space. Gravitational interaction mass-space-mass is immediate: the presence
of a mass causes change of density of space, change of density of space causes gravitational
motion. A mass acts on another mass indirectly via the change of density of empty space.
Gravitational interaction between two masses is immediate: no time, namely no duration of motion
of a particle or wave in space is needed to transmit gravitational interaction from one to another
material object.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[196] viXra:1006.0009 [pdf] submitted on 4 Jun 2010
Authors: Davide Fiscaletti, Amrit S. Sorli
Comments: 8 pages
With clocks we measure numerical order t0,t1,t2,...,tn of a physical event. A sequence tn-1 is
"before" a sequence tn equivalently to natural number n-1 is before natural number n.
Numerical order t0,t1,t2,...,tn of a physical event has no duration. It runs in a timeless space
where physical time is run of clocks. Duration of an event is a result of experiencing its
measurement with a clock through the frame of psychological time "past-present-future" but
events happen exclusively in space.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[195] viXra:1006.0008 [pdf] submitted on 4 Jun 2010
Authors: Davide Fiscaletti
Comments: 11 pages
For several physical phenomena elapsed clock run t for them to happen is zero. These
events can be appropriately defined as "immediate physical phenomena" and support the
view that, at a fundamental level, time exists only as a run of clocks in a timeless space.
Immediate physical phenomena are carried directly by space which functions as a direct
information medium. The perspective is opened that the quanta of space that build quantum
space assume a crucial role as regards these phenomena.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[194] viXra:1006.0002 [pdf] submitted on 2 Jun 2010
Authors: V.V. Demjanov
Comments: 7 pages
Rotating the source of light around the point lying on the light's beam we can observe the
transverse Doppler effect by a spectrometer located in the center of rotation. The anomalous shift of the
electromagnetic wave's frequency was found from this experiment (performed in 1969-1974 years)
that appeared to be much higher than anticipated from the standard relativistic expression taking
into account solely the linear velocity of rotation of the source in the laboratory. The interpretation
of the experimental observations admitting absolute motion of the Earth and respective accounting
for reality of the Lorentz contraction and time dilation enabled us to determine the speed of the
Earth relative to luminiferous aether. It appeared to be somewhat above 400 km/s that agrees well
with the value formerly found by me using three methods of determining the speed of "aether wind"
by Michelson-type interferometers thoroughly accounted for refractive indices of optical media.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[193] viXra:1005.0108 [pdf] submitted on 11 Mar 2010
Authors: Felice Russo
Comments: 3 pages
The hypothesis formulated by Smarandache on the possibility that no
barriers exist in the Universe for an object to travel at any speed is here
shortly analyzed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[192] viXra:1005.0095 [pdf] submitted on 24 May 2010
Authors: Jack Sarfatti
Comments: 3 pages
This is a short mathematical note clarifying the use of Cramer's Transactional
Interpretation in the Spinor Qubit Pre-Geometry of Wheeler's IT FROM BIT.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[191] viXra:1005.0091 [pdf] submitted on 22 May 2010
Authors: Xavier Terri Castañé
Comments: 5 pages
Demonstration without mathematical formulas of the theory of special and general relativity of Einstein is false.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[190] viXra:1005.0089 [pdf] submitted on 21 May 2010
Authors: Chris O'Loughlin
Comments: 9 pages
A comparison of the attractive motion experienced by masses due to gravitational interaction over
relatively short distances with the recessional motion of masses at relatively large distances (that adhere to
the velocity increases described by Hubble's v = Hr relation) is presented to demonstrate the similarities
between the two motions. Based on the similarities of the two motions, and the observation that
gravitational acceleration decreases as distance increases while recessional acceleration decreases as
distance decreases the distance at which the two accelerations are equal in magnitude but in opposite
directions resulting in zero net acceleration is calculated and compared to similar results provided by
Chernin et al. [1]. The summation of the attractive gravitational acceleration and the recessional
acceleration is presented and plotted depicting a smooth, continuous transition from gravitational attraction
to universal expansion. The underlying cause of these accelerations is not addressed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[189] viXra:1005.0081 [pdf] submitted on 20 May 2010
Authors: Ron Bourgoin
Comments: 3 pages
Common sense left the human mind a hundred years ago.
It was forced out by relativity theory. This wildly imaginative
work of fiction displaced all the logic humankind had labored
so long to establish. People loved it. They were set free of the
constraints of disciplined thought. But today we have a problem:
relativity and all it has sprouted has taken us down a blind alley.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[188] viXra:1005.0066 [pdf] submitted on 16 May 2010
Authors: Vladislav Konovalov
Comments:
2 pages.
The relativistic growth of mass macrobodies differs from microparticles
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[187] viXra:1005.0062 [pdf] submitted on 14 May 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments:
55 pages. 30 minute talk for the Dark Side of the Universe conference, Leon, Mexico, June 1st to June 6th, 2010
Contains specific elaboration of material on Glinkas quantum gas hypothesis, as far as a
counting algorithm, and also attempts to show possible commonality between semi classical
theories, and brane world interpretations ( higher dimensions) while addressing the issue
of what are the implications of a small graviton mass in 4 dimensions, i.e. the violations
of the correspondence/ complimentarity principle.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[186] viXra:1005.0051 [pdf] submitted on 14 May 2010
Authors: Ashwini Kumar Lal
Comments: 22 pages, 5 figures, published in Journal of Cosmology, 2010, Vol 6, pp.1533-1547.
Inflationary Big Bang model is the generally accepted theory for the origin of
universe. Nonetheless, findings of the observational astronomy as also the
revelations in the field of fundamental physics over the past two decades
question validity of the 'Big Bang' model as a viable theory for origin of the
universe. This paper examines a few of the various factors which undermine the
theory of the big Bang, including the organization of galactic superstructures, the
Cosmic Microwave Background, distant galaxies, gravitational waves, redshifts,
and the age of local galaxies.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[185] viXra:1005.0024 [pdf] submitted on 9 May 2010
Authors: Fernando Loup
Comments: 37 Pages. The Warp Drive as a Dynamical Spacetime is one of the most interesting Spacetimes
of General Relativity and is being heavily studied inside arXiv.org.See for example the arXiv papers
1001.4960, 0904.0141,0710.4474,
gr-qc/0009013,gr.qc/0110086,gr.qc/9905084,gr.qc/9702026 or the Post Doctoral Dissertation Thesis gr-qc/9805037.
We feel that it is time for viXra to have its own papers exclusively devoted to this Dynamical
Spacetime:The Warp Drive
Alcubierre Warp Drive is one of the most exciting Spacetimes of General Relativity.It was the first
Spacetime Metric able to develop Superluminal Velocities.However some physical problems associated
to the Alcubierre Warp Drive seemed to deny the Superluminal Behaviour.We demonstrate in this work
that these problems can be overcomed and we arrive at some interesting results although we used two
different Shape Functions one continuous g(rs) as an alternative to the original Alcubierre f(rs) and a
Piecewise Shape Function fpc(rs) as an alternative to the Ford-Pfenning Piecewise Shape Function with
a behaviour similar to the Natario Warp Drive producing effectively an Alcubierre Warp Drive without
Expansion/Contraction of the Spacetime. We also introduce here the Casimir Warp Drive.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[184] viXra:1005.0012 [pdf] submitted on 3 May 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments:
7 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables. Possible talk for the following conference
"*Fundamental Frontiers of Physics*" which will take place in Paris, France from the
6th to the 9th of July, 2010.
The case for a four dimensional graviton mass (non zero) influencing reacceleration of the universe
in five dimensions is stated, with particular emphasis upon if five dimensional geometries as given
below give us new physical insight as to cosmological evolution. A comparison with the quantum
gas hypothesis of Glinka shows how stochastic GW/ gravitons may emerge in vacuum nucleated
space, with emphasis upon comparing their number in phase space, as compared with different strain
values
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[183] viXra:1005.0009 [pdf] submitted on 3 May 2010
Authors: Robert Gallinat
Comments: 12 pages
Conceptual approach and heuristic method for an investigation of
the possible algebraic structure of the interdependence between
mathematical and physical reality and about the connection between
local, non-local and global properties in physics and mathematics,
expressed by a General N-fold algebra (continued)
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[182] viXra:1005.0001 [pdf] submitted on 1 May 2010
Authors: Ioannis Iraklis Haranas, Vasile Mioc
Comments: 3 pages, Submitted to the ROAJ, Vol. 20 , No. 2, 2010
GRT predicts the existence of relativistic corrections to the static Newtonian
potential, which can be calculated and verified experimentally. The idea leading to quantum
corrections at large distances consists of the interactions of massless particles, which only
involve their coupling energies at low energies. Using the quantum correction term of the
potential we obtain the perturbing quantum acceleration function. Next, with the help of the
Newton-Euler planetary equations, we calculate the time rates of changes of the orbital
elements per revolution for three different orbits around the primary. For one solar mass
primary and an orbit with semimajor axis and eccentricity equal to that of Mercury we obtain
that Δωqu = 1.517x10-81 o/cy,
while ΔMqu = -1.840x10-46 rev/cy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[181] viXra:1004.0136 [pdf] submitted on 30 Apr 2010
Authors: Fernando Loup
Comments: 91 Pages. This work was sent to arXiv.org as arXiv:0710.0924 in 4 October 2007 to celebrate the 50th Anniversary of the Space Race and the launch of the Sputnik I (4 October 1957).
It suffered major modifications in order to be accepted for publication. Versions #1 and #2 can be considered as a different paper from versions #3 and #4
It was published in the book Space Exploration Research Chapter IX from Nova Scientific Publishers ISBN 978-1-60692-264-4 2009.
It was also published in the Volume 14 Issue 3-4 (Journal of Magnetohydrodynamics, Plasma and Space Research) ISSN: 1083-4729
The published versions are the #3 and #4 from
arXiv.org - The versions #1 and #2 contains a mathematical description about how to solve the pathologies of the Einstein Field Equation known as the Superluminal Alcubierre Warp Drive.
It also contains a Memorial to Serguei Pavlovitch Korolev(the creator of the Sputnik I) and a Memorial to all the Cosmonauts and Astronauts that died in Outer Space in the spaceships Soyuz I,Soyuz XI,Apollo I,Challenger and Columbia…the first 50 years of the Space Race
We feel that this work in the unpublished version #1 and #2 deserves to be placed on viXra as a valid paper to overcome the limitations of the Superluminal Alcubierre Warp Drive Spacetime specially the part of the Horizons and the causally disconnected portions of the Spacetime inside the Warp Drive bubble.We use something that resembles the Apollo spacecrafts
This version is exactly equal without changes to the version #2 stored in arXiv.org
This paper was inspired in a TV series from the British Broadcasting Corporation called "The Space Race"
We use the 5D Extra Dimensional Force according to Basini-Capozziello-Ponce De Leon,
Overduin-Wesson and Mashoon-Wesson-Liu Formalisms to study the behaviour of the Chung-Freese Superluminal
BraneWorld compared to the Alcubierre Warp Drive and we arrive at some interesting results from the
point of view of the Alcubierre ansatz although we used two different Shape Functions one continuous
g(rs) as an alternative to the original Alcubierre f(rs) and a Piecewise Shape Function fpc(rs) with
a behaviour similar to the Natario Warp Drive. We introduce here the Casimir Warp Drive.We also
demonstrate that in flat 5D Minkowsky Spacetime or weak Gravitational Fields we cannot tell if we
live in a 5D or a 4D Universe according to Basini-Capozziello-Ponce De Leon,Overduin-Wesson and
Mashoon-Wesson-Liu Dimensional Reduction but in the extreme conditions of Strong Gravitational
Fields we demonstrate that the effects of the 5D Extra Dimension becomes visible and perhaps the
study of the extreme conditions in Black Holes can tell if we live in a Higher Dimensional Universe.We
use a 5D Maartens-Clarkson Schwarzschild Cosmic Black String centered in the Sun coupled to the
5D Extra Force from Ponce De Leon together with Mashoon-Wesson-Liu and the definitions of
Basini-Capozziello and Bertolami-Paramos for the Warp Fields in order to demonstrate that the Anomalous
Effect disturbing two American space probes known as the Pioneer Anomaly is a force of 5D Extra
Dimensional Nature.As a matter of fact the Pioneer Anomaly is the first experimental evidence of the
"Fifth Force" predicted years ago by Mashoon-Wesson-Liu and we also demonstrate that this Extra
Force is coming from the Sun.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[180] viXra:1004.0114 [pdf] submitted on 22 Apr 2010
Authors: Ron Bourgoin
Comments: 3 pages
Arxiv:1004.2901 exposes a chink in the armor.
It seems that joining general relativity with quantum
mechanics is like trying to fit a square peg in a
round hole. Obviously there's something terribly
wrong with one of the theories. Since quantum
mechanics has been far too successful in too many
areas, it is felt general relativity has to go.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[179] viXra:1004.0103 [pdf] submitted on 20 Apr 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments:
4 pages, one figure. Actual ( minus the address ) submission for the following conference :
extended abstract of 4 pages for possibly being placed in C. Corda's section namely , "Second Big Challenge Symposium - The Big Challenge of
Cosmological Understanding: Gravitation, Dark Matter and Dark Energy.
Towards New Scenarios" during the 8th International Conference of
Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics, at Hotel Rodos Palace,
Rhodes, Greece, 19-25 September 2010.
The case for a four dimensional graviton mass (non zero) influencing reacceleration of the universe in five
dimensions is stated, with particular emphasis upon if five dimensional geometries as given below give us new physical
insight as to cosmological evolution. We postulate that a calculated inflaton φ(t) may re-emerge after fading out in the
aftermath of inflation. The inflaton may be a contributing factor to, with non zero graviton mass, in re acceleration of the
universe a billion years ago. Many theorists assume that the inflaton is the source of entropy. The inflaton also may be
the source of re acceleration of the universe, especially if the effects of a re emergent inflaton are in tandem with the
appearance of macro effects of a small graviton mass, leading to a speed up of the rate of expansion of the universe one
billion years ago, at red shit value of Z ~ .423
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[178] viXra:1004.0102 [pdf] submitted on 20 Apr 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments:
4 pages, 1 figure. extended abstract of 3-4 pages for possibly being placed in C. Corda's
section namely , "Second Big Challenge Symposium - The Big Challenge of
Cosmological Understanding: Gravitation, Dark Matter and Dark Energy.
Towards New Scenarios" during the 8th International Conference of
Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics, at Hotel Rodos Palace,
Rhodes, Greece, 19-25 September 2010.
The case for a four dimensional graviton mass (non zero) influencing reacceleration of the universe
in five dimensions is stated, with particular emphasis upon if five dimensional geometries as given
below give us new physical insight as to cosmological evolution. One noticeable datum, that a
calculated inflaton φ(t) re-emerged after fading out in the aftermath of inflation. The inflaton is
a contributing factor to, with non zero graviton mass, in re acceleration of the universe a billion years
ago. The inflaton also may be the source of re acceleration of the universe, especially if the effects
of a re emergent inflaton are in tandem with the appearance of macro effects of a small graviton
mass, leading to a speed up of the rate of expansion of the universe one billion years ago, at red shit
value of Z ~ .423
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[177] viXra:1004.0090 [pdf] submitted on 18 Apr 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments:
20 pages, 5 figures. Meant as a thought experiment which when cleaned up will be a companion piece
to the question of the nature of cosmological constants, as presented in viXra:1004.0079
If a non zero graviton mass exists, the question arises if a release of gravitons, possibly as a "Graviton gas"
at the onset of inflation could be an initial vacuum state. Pros and cons to this idea are raised, in part based
upon bose gases. The analysis starts with Volovik's 1condensed matter treatment of GR, and ends with
consequences, which the author sees, if the supposition is true.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[176] viXra:1004.0086 [pdf] submitted on 10 Mar 2010
Authors: Dmitri Rabounski
Comments:
2 pages.
This short letter manifests how Smarandache geometries can be employed in order to
extend the "classical" (Riemannian geometry) basis of the General Theory of Relativity
through joining the properties of two or more (different) geometries in the same single
space. Perspectives in this way seem much profitly: the basic space-time of General
Relativity can be extended to not only metric geometries, but even to non-metric ones
(where no distances can be measured), or to spaces of the mixed kind which possess
the properties of both metric and non-metric spaces (the latter should be referred to as
"semi-metric spaces"). If both metric and non-metric properties possessed at the same
(at least one) point of a space, it is one of Smarandache geometries, and should be referred
to as "Smarandache semi-metric space". Such spaces can be introduced according
to the mathematical apparatus of physically observable quantities (chronometric
invariants), if considering a breaking of the observable space metric on the continuous
background of the fundamental metric tensor.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[175] viXra:1004.0079 [pdf] submitted on 12 Apr 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments:
30 pages, 5 figures. One of two subject areas submitted to the conference 11th annual international
meeting "Fundamental Frontiers of Physics" which will take place in the capital of France, Paris, from
the 6th to the 9th of July, 2010.
The following document is to prepare an analysis on if the cosmological constant is a vacuum field.
Candidates for how to analyze this issue come up in terms of brane theory, modified treatments of WdM
theory (pseudo time component added) and/ or how to look at squeezing of vacuum states, as initially
coherent semi classical constructions, or string theory versions of coherent states. The article presents a
thought experiment if there is a non zero graviton mass, and at the end, in the conclusion states
experimental modeling criteria which may indicate if a non zero graviton mass is measurable, which would
indicate the existence, de facto of a possible replacement for DE, based upon non zero mass gravitons, and
indications for a replacement for a cosmological constant.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[174] viXra:1004.0074 [pdf] submitted on 10 Apr 2010
Authors: Roald C. Maximo
Comments: 2 pages
Many physicists still do not accept the obvious conclusion that (c + v) and (c - v) are valid solutions when applied to moving observers. There are
actually well known experimental proofs to validate those expressions. Besides the Sagnac effect, one experiment that has been hidden and given
no publicity was a measurement of the orbital periods of the Jovian satellite (Io) performed by Ole C. Römer that shows just such a velocity
composition as the Earth approaches the planet or recedes in its orbit. [1]
But, perhaps due to the pervading lato sensu interpretation of the second postulate of the Special Theory of Relativity in connection with the
currently generalized opinion that any physical theory, to be valid, must conform to the TR, many physicists are reluctant to accept it. Whenever
such a situation arises, they are eager to draw the Lorentz transformation from their pockets and apply it in some way to alleviate the discomfort.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[173] viXra:1004.0049 [pdf] submitted on 8 Apr 2010
Authors: Alex Ceapa
Comments: 80 pages
At the time factors of unknown origin and physical meaning (like β in the Lorentz
transformation, the Dirac matrices, etc.) are embedded in some underlying equations and,
by way of consequence, the physical significance of the terms of these equations rests
undisclosed, we validate the principle of the physical determination of equations in
special relativity theory and relativistic quantum theory, as first step toward an exciting
foundation of modern physics on this principle (yet all restraints of the principle are off in
modern physics).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[172] viXra:1003.0247 [pdf] submitted on 25 Mar 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 5 pages, 1 figure. Actual conference submission for the Beyond the Standard Model
2010, by Dr. Andrew Beckwith. Heavily referenced by Dr. Beckwith in PIERS 2010, XIAN, on March
22, at 11 a.m. in room D with two other presenters, Dr. Cruise of Birmingham University, and Dr. Li
of Chongquing University, as given by http://piers.mit.edu/piers2010xian/files/FinalProgram.pdf.
Note that Dr. Grishkuk, of Cardiff University did not attend. Conference entry for proceedings
as edited by Dr. H. V. Klaptor-Kleingross, as given for http://www.phy.uct.ac.za/beyond2010/
The case for a four-dimensional graviton mass (non zero) influencing reacceleration of
the universe in both four and five dimensions is stated, with particular emphasis on the
question whether 4D and 5D geometries as given here yield new physical insight as to
cosmological evolution. Both cases give equivalent reacceleration one billion years ago,
which leads to the question whether other criteria can determine the relative benefits of
adding additional dimensions to cosmology models.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[171] viXra:1003.0222 [pdf] submitted on 21 Mar 2010
Authors: John Hunter
Comments: 6 pages
It is proposed that there has been a longstanding misunderstanding of the relationship
between scale factor of the universe and redshift. It is shown how value of
omega(matter) of one quarter of the true value, (hence the apparent dark energy
phenomenon) can result from such a misconception. Predictions for the magnitudes
of supernovae against redshift are made and found to be in good agreement with
supernovae data, without dark energy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[170] viXra:1003.0213 [pdf] submitted on 18 Mar 2010
Authors: Zhang Wenpeng
Comments: 1 page
Fermat's and Euler's theorem on congruencies are generalized to the case when the integers a
and m are not necessarily co-prime.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[169] viXra:1003.0212 [pdf] submitted on 18 Mar 2010
Authors: Golden Gadzirayi Nyambuya
Comments: 12 pages, 2 figures, submitted to MNRAS-MJ.
In this reading, a new theoreticalmodel of star and cluster formation is posited. Thismodel seeks
to set a mathematical framework to understand the origins of the stellar Initial Mass Function
and within this framework, explain star and cluster formation from a unified perspective by tieing
together into a single garment three important observational facts: (1) that the most massive
stars of most observed clusters of stars are preferentially found in their centers; (2) Larson's
1982 empirical observation that the maximum stellar mass is related to the total mass of the
parent cloud; (3) that clump masses in giant molecular clouds exhibit a power mass spectrum
law akin to that found in star clusters and this behavior is also true for molecular clouds as well.
Key to this model is the way the cloud fragments to form cores from which the new stars are
born. We show that the recently proposed azimuthally symmetric theory of gravitation has two
scale of fragmentation where one is the scale that leads to cloud collapse and the other is the
scale on which the cloud fragments. The collapse and fragmentation takes place simultaneously.
If the proposed model is anything to go by, then, one can safely posit that the slope of the IMF
can be explained from two things: the star formation rate of the cores from which these stars
form and the density index describing the density profile. Additionally and more importantly,
if the present is anything to by, then, fragmentation of molecular clouds is posited as being a
result of them possessing some spin angular momentum.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[168] viXra:1003.0210 [pdf] submitted on 18 Mar 2010
Authors: Roald C. Maximo
Comments: 3 pages
In this short essay, I am starting from very basic concepts to try, step by step, to establish a valid
physical relation between speed, energy and time. My intention, just from the start, is to by pass the Theory of
Relativity and also avoid the application of the Lorentz transformation as canned good. If it has to be part of
the solution it shall also arise spontaneously during the formulations as it ended up being the case.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[167] viXra:1003.0194 [pdf] submitted on 16 Mar 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: A. Yurov; arXiv : hep-th/028129 v1, 19 Aug, 2002
material added to the analysis presented in S.A. at Beyond the Standard Model. 50 pages
presentation of 7 new pages with respect to linkage between 1st and 2nd inflation, 1st 10-35 seconds
after big bang, and 2nd one billion years ago
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[166] viXra:1003.0193 [pdf] submitted on 16 Mar 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 13 pages, 3 figures. Has very non standard treatment of an alleged two inflation model, as
written up by A. Yurov; arXiv : hep-th/028129 v1, 19 Aug, 2002 included, as a way to parameterize behavior of inflation up to 10^ - 35 seconds after the big bang, and ALSO
at red shift Z ~ .423 , a billion years ago. The author uses this formalism , as well as questions
as of how and why information could have been parameterized in the onset of the big bang to ask foundational questions as to the origins of DM, DE, and graviton/ information. The double inflation scenario will be in part presented in Xian, March 22, and may be used in other conferences.
The case for a four dimensional graviton mass (non zero) influencing reacceleration of the universe
in five dimensions is stated; with emphasis upon if five dimensional geometries as given below give
us new physical insight as to cosmological evolution. A calculated inflaton φ(t) may partly reemerge
after fading out in the aftermath of inflation. The inflaton may be the source of re
acceleration of the universe, especially if the effects of a re emergent inflaton are in tandem with the
appearance of macro effects of a small graviton mass, leading to a speed up of the rate of expansion
of the universe at red shit value of Z ~ .423. Comparison with quintessence perturbations as
illustrated by R. Caldwell, and M. Kamionkowski's article in Annual reviews of Nuclear and Particle
physics is offered to illustrate how quintessence could make a brief appearance, again, at Z ~ .423 to
speed up acceleration of the universe in the manner usually associated with DE
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[165] viXra:1003.0191 [pdf] submitted on 16 Mar 2010
Authors: Leonid I. Filippov
Comments: In Russian, 33 pages, 12 figures
Determination to make the Einstein's treatment of simultaneity and relativistic notions of
length and time interval measurement more intuitive and illustrative led to creation of a
model in which light impulses are substituted with sound signals. The model uncovers the
substance of Einstein's mathematical constructs and the mechanisms that give rise to relativistic
effects. Consistent application of the model resulted in new constructions.
The paper examines known mechanical and electromagnetic phenomena that can be clarified by
this model. The use of such an approach leads to the notion of a distinguished frame of
reference. In particular, the theory calls for the existence of electromagnetic interaction
that contradicts the principle of relativity. The paper contains a description of an
experimental apparatus built to test this prediction, as well as the results of the experiments.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[164] viXra:1003.0176 [pdf] submitted on 15 Mar 2010
Authors: Willi Penker
Comments: 3 pages
The theory of black holes states that without the energy set
free by nuclear fusion, the gravity of a big star will always be
stronger than all other forces, causing it to collapse and
ending in a singularity. During such a collapse, however,
gravity itself should free enough binding energy to ultimately
prevent the star from collapsing to a state where its escape
velocity reaches the speed of light.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[163] viXra:1003.0144 [pdf] submitted on 12 Mar 2010
Authors: Ioannis Iraklis Haranas
Comments: 3 pages, Published Journal of Theoretics
The idea of a possible variable light cosmology was recently investigated by certain authors.
In our brief note an estimate for a possible
variation in the speed of light can be calculated if fundamental relations of cosmology are
used along with a plausible definition of the speed of light.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[162] viXra:1003.0143 [pdf] submitted on 12 Mar 2010
Authors: Alex Ceapa
Comments: 4 pages, Published:Journal of Theoretics Oct/Nov 2002 Vol.4, No.5
Inertial observers can not only measure their absolute velocities but that of light as well, thereby
being able to shed insight into the principle of the constancy of light velocity. The light
speeds c±v, though considered to conflict with this principle, are shown herein to not be true
physical entities.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[161] viXra:1003.0142 [pdf] submitted on 12 Mar 2010
Authors: N. Mebarki
Comments: 10 pages, Presented at Invisible Universe International Conference, 29 June-10 July 2009, Paris, France
Anisotropic cosmological models with a generalized Chaplygin gas in a Finsler space-time geometry are considered
and a class of exact solutions as well as cosmological parameters behaviors are studied. Moreover, the viability and stability
criteria for a general solution are also discussed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[160] viXra:1003.0141 [pdf] submitted on 12 Mar 2010
Authors: N. Mebarki, M. Y. Boudjada
Comments: 3 pages, Presented in the 12th Marcel Grossmann Meeting 12-18 July 2009, Paris, France
In Finslerian space-time, a higher order curvature cosmological model of gravity is proposed and a
class of cosmological solutions is obtained. Moreover, the viability and stability near critical points are
also discussed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[159] viXra:1003.0126 [pdf] submitted on 11 Mar 2010
Authors: Alex Ceapa
Comments: 2 pages, Published in Journal of Theoretics, vol.6-3, June/July 2004
Der Waerden obtained the spinorial transcription of the Dirac equation from the relativistic
energy-momentum relationship. The recent validation of the principle of the physical determination
of equations in the special relativity theory enables us to deduce the meaning of mass from his
results.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[158] viXra:1003.0104 [pdf] submitted on 10 Mar 2010
Authors: John R. McWhinnie
Comments: 13 pages
This article is an attempt to expose the role played by messenger
particles in physics. The concept of the "messenger particle" has long been
considered in physics. The latest research shows evidence that the four fundamental
forces of nature ,Gravitation, Electromagnetic and the Weak and
Strong Nuclear forces are all created by messenger particles. This hypotheses
is leading to a new way of thinking about the fundamental sub-atomic
wave/particles that are the building blocks of our universe. Some of the latest
evidence actually shows that in order to understand what is happening with
these messenger particles it is necessary to perceive them as information carriers.
The four messenger particles that are thought to exist are the Graviton
(not yet discovered) , Photon, Weak Guage Boson and the Gluon. This paper
shall be concerned with the Photon as an information carrier.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[157] viXra:1003.0032 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: Dmitri Rabounski, Florentin Smarandache, Larissa Borissova
Comments: 107 pages, In Russian language
METHODS IN THE GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[156] viXra:1003.0030 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: Homer B. Tilton, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 109 pages, PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE OF 18 FEB 2005
Einstein originally declared that the distortions of special relativity
reflect real changes to the objects being remotely observed, then
reconsidered. The first non sequitur is quoted here from Sachs
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[155] viXra:1003.0026 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: Homer B. Tilton, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 147 pages
Because of the almost universal failure to recognize the distinction
between physical (reality-based, dynamical) and visual (appearance-based,
kinematical) variables, a tremendous volume of mythology arose over the
past 100 years centered around Einstein's reality view of the distortions of
special relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[154] viXra:1003.0023 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: Dmitri Rabounski, Florentin Smarandache, Larissa Borissova
Comments: 80 pages
In this work the authors apply concepts of Neutrosophic Logic to the
General Theory of Relativity to obtain a generalisation of Einstein's fourdimensional
pseudo-Riemannian differentiable manifold in terms of Smarandache
Geometry (Smarandache manifolds), by which new classes of
relativistic particles and non-quantum teleportation are developed.
Fundamental features of Neutrosophic Logic are its denial of the Law
of Excluded Middle, and open (or estimated) levels of truth, falsity and
indeterminancy.
Both Neutrosophic Logic and Smarandache Geometry were invented
some years ago by one of the authors (F. Smarandache). The application of
these purely mathematical theories to General Relativity reveals hitherto
unknown possibilities for Einstein's theory.
The issue of how closely the new theoretical possibilities account for
physical phenomena, and indeed the viability of the concept of a fourdimensional
space-time continuum itself as a fundamental model of Nature,
must of course be explored by experiment.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[153] viXra:1003.0021 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: Dmitri Rabounski, Florentin Smarandache, Larissa Borissova
Comments: 7 pages
We apply the S-denying procedure to signature conditions in a four-dimensional
pseudo-Riemannian space - i. e. we change one (or even all) of the conditions to
be partially true and partially false. We obtain five kinds of expanded space-time for
General Relativity. Kind I permits the space-time to be in collapse. Kind II permits
the space-time to change its own signature. Kind III has peculiarities, linked to the
third signature condition. Kind IV permits regions where the metric fully degenerates:
there may be non-quantum teleportation, and a home for virtual photons. Kind V is
common for kinds I, II, III, and IV.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[152] viXra:1003.0020 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: Larissa Borissova, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 4 pages
As shown, any four-dimensional proper vector has two observable projections onto
time line, attributed to our world and the mirror world (for a mass-bearing particle, the
projections posses are attributed to positive and negative mass-charges). As predicted,
there should be a class of neutrally mass-charged particles that inhabit neither our
world nor the mirror world. Inside the space-time area (membrane) the space rotates
at the light speed, and all particles move at as well the light speed. So, the predicted
particles of the neutrally mass-charged class should seem as light-like vortices.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[151] viXra:1003.0015 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: V. Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 5 pages
It is well-known, that when it comes to discussions among physicists concerning the
meaning and nature of gravitation, the room temperature can be so hot. Therefore,
for the sake of clarity, it seems worth that all choices were put on a table, and we
consider each choice's features and problems. The present article describes a nonexhaustive
list of such gravitation theories for the purpose of inviting further and more
clear discussions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[150] viXra:1003.0014 [pdf] submitted on 6 Mar 2010
Authors: V. Christianto, Matti Pitkänen, Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 2 pages
An interesting hypothesis concerning the varying length of day has been formulated in
this edition, proposed by A.I. Arbab, based on a proposition of varying gravitational
constant, G. The main ideas are pointed out, and alternative frameworks are also discussed
in particular with respect to the present common beliefs in astrophysics. Further
observation is of course recommended in order to refute or verify this proposition.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[149] viXra:1003.0006 [pdf] submitted on 4 Mar 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: Essay written for the Gravity Research Foundation 2010 Awards for Essays on Gravitation,
Submitted March 4th, 2010
The case for a four dimensional graviton mass (non zero) influencing reacceleration of the universe
in five dimensions is stated, with particular emphasis upon if five dimensional geometries as given
below give us new physical insight as to cosmological evolution. A calculated inflaton φ(t) may
partly re-emerge after fading out in the aftermath of inflation. The inflaton may contribute to, with
non zero graviton mass, in re acceleration of the universe a billion years ago. The inflaton also may
be the source of re acceleration of the universe, especially if the effects of a re emergent inflaton are
in tandem with the appearance of macro effects of a small graviton mass, leading to a speed up of the
rate of expansion of the universe at red shit value of Z ~ .423
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[148] viXra:1003.0002 [pdf] submitted on 3 Mar 2010
Authors: Ioannis Iraklis Haranas, Michael Harney
Comments: 6 pages, Submitted to the Journal of Gravitational Physics, p.6
We study the effects of a non-singular gravitational potential on satellite orbits by calculating the
corresponding changes of its orbital elements, using Gauss' planetary equations. We derive two
non-zero expressions for the changes of the argument of the perigee and the mean anomaly, and
we compare them to those of the general relativity. Using the GRACE satellite system, we obtain
numerical results from which we conclude that the effect of such a potential, on the perigee
cannot be separated from that of general relativity. Furthermore, we conclude that the effect on
the mean anomaly can probably be observed by today's technology.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[147] viXra:1003.0001 [pdf] submitted on 1 Mar 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: 10 pages, two figures. Source document for presentation to be made in Xian, PRC, March 23,
at PIERS http://piers.mit.edu/piers2010xian/. Main
contribution is reconciliation of re appearance of
inllaton as generator of entropy with graviton count, a la. Y. Ng's 2008 result, with increase in q(z)
increase in rate of acceleration of the universe one billion years ago.
The case for a four dimensional graviton mass (non zero) influencing reacceleration of the universe
in five dimensions is stated, with particular emphasis upon if five dimensional geometries as given
below give us new physical insight as to cosmological evolution. One noticeable datum, that a
calculated inflaton φ(t) may partly re-emerge after fading out in the aftermath of inflation. The
inflaton may be a contributing factor to, with non zero graviton mass, in re acceleration of the
universe a billion years ago. Many theorists assume that the inflaton is the source of entropy. The
inflaton also may be the source of re acceleration of the universe, especially if the effects of a re
emergent inflaton are in tandem with the appearance of macro effects of a small graviton mass,
leading to a speed up of the rate of expansion of the universe one billion years ago, at red shift value
of Z ~ .423
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[146] viXra:1002.0056 [pdf] submitted on 28 feb 2010
Authors: Andrew Beckwith
Comments: Eight pages, two figures. Template for submission to Beyond the Standard Model
2010 conference proceedings. May be cut to five papes, pending decision as to length of
submission decision by Professor Hans Klaptor Kleingross, overall chair of Beyond the Standard
Model, as given in http://www.phy.uct.ac.za/beyond2010/
The case for a four dimensional graviton mass (non zero) influencing reacceleration of the universe in both four and five dimen