Relativity and Cosmology

1201 Submissions

[37] viXra:1201.0129 [pdf] replaced on 2012-02-02 21:09:02

Scientific Journal for 1 February 2012

Authors: Glenn A. Baxter
Comments: 14 Pages.

We explore, in depth, Dr. Einstein’s Special Relativity and cite noted physicists Daniel Gezari, Reginald Cahill, Danielle Sasso, Rodney Bartlett, and Johannes Valks.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[36] viXra:1201.0126 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-31 00:01:40

Could the Measurements Trying to Detect Absolute Motion of Earth Allow to Test Sub-Manifold Gravity?

Authors: Matti Pitkänen
Comments: 11 Pages.

The history of the modern measurements of absolute motion has a long - more than century beginning from Michelson-Morley 1887. The earliest measurements assumed aether hypothesis. Cahill identifies the velocity as a velocity with respect to some preferred rest frame and uses relativistic kinematics although he misleadingly uses the terms absolute velocity and aether. The preferred frame could galaxy, or the system defining rest system in cosmology. It would be easy to dismiss this kind of experiments as attempts to return to the days before Einstein but this is not the case. It might be possible to gain unexpected information by this kind of measurements. Already the analysis of CMB spectrum demonstrated that Earth is not at rest in the Robertson-Walker coordinate system used to analysis CMB data and similar motion with respect to galaxy is quite possible and might serve as a rich source of information also in GRT based theory. In TGD framework the situation is especially interesting since sub-manifold gravity implies that maximal signal velocity depends on the space-time sheet and this effect might show itself in Mickelson-Morley type experiments. Also the motion of space-time sheets with respect to each other might be detectable.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[35] viXra:1201.0124 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-31 00:07:44

Inflation and TGD

Authors: Matti Pitkänen
Comments: 8 Pages.

The comparison of TGD with inflationary cosmology combined with new results about TGD inspired cosmology provides fresh insights to the relationship of TGD and standard approach and shows how TGD cures the lethal diseases of the eternal inflation. Very roughly: the replacement of the energy of the scalar field with magnetic energy replaces eternal inflation with a fractal quantum critical cosmology allowing to see more sharply the TGD counterpart of inflation and accelerating expansion as special cases of criticality. The rapid expansion periods correspond to phase transitions increasing the value of Planck constant and increasing the radius of magnetic flux tubes. This liberates magnetic energy and gives rise to radiation in turn giving rise to radiation and matter in the recent Universe just like the energy of inflaton field would give rise to radiation at the end of the inflation period in cosmic inflation. The multiverse of inflationary scenarios is replaced with the many-sheeted space-time and one can say that the laws of physics are essentially same everywhere in the sense that the fundamental symmetries are the symmetries of standard model everywhere.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[34] viXra:1201.0115 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-28 19:50:22

Absolute Theory of Relativity & Parameterized Special Theory of Relativity & Noninertial Multirelativity

Authors: Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 92 Pages.

In this book we present the hypothesis that there is no speed barrier in the universe - thus refuting the speed of light postulate. While Einstein considered a relative space and relative time but the ultimate speed of light, we do the opposite: we consider an absolute time and absolute space but no ultimate speed, and we call it the Absolute Theory of Relativity (ATR). We then parameterize Einstein’s thought experiment with atomic clocks, supposing that we know neither if the space and time are relative or absolute, nor if the speed of light is ultimate speed or not. We obtain a Parameterized Special Theory of Relativity (PSTR). Our PSTR generalizes not only Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity, but also our ATR, and introduces three more possible Relativities to be studied in the future. Afterwards, we extend our research considering not only constant velocities but constant accelerations too. Eventually we propose a Noninertial Multirelativity for the same thought experiment, i.e. considering non-constant accelerations and arbitrary 3D-curves.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[33] viXra:1201.0114 [pdf] replaced on 2012-01-29 23:29:22

The Neutrino and the Photon: Hyper-Fast Travel Within General Relativity

Authors: Rodney Bartlett
Comments: 3 Pages.

The recent European experiment in which neutrinos apparently travel faster than light does not violate general relativity. However, the explanation of this phenomenon lies in another experiment (the latter being in electrical engineering in 2009).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[32] viXra:1201.0111 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-27 13:07:45

A Scientific View of Spacetime; a New Notion of Time

Authors: Salvatore Gerard Micheal
Comments: 2 Pages. perhaps my most important article to date

A brief overview of science and the politics of science, a 'quantum realism' accurate view of space and time, minimal attributes of space and time, a 'novel' view of time attributed to P.Y. Ulianov, and implications.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[31] viXra:1201.0109 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-27 10:57:02

Small Bang Criando um Universo a Partir do Nada. (Small Bang Creating a Universe from Nothing)

Authors: Policarpo Yōshin Ulianov
Comments: 171 Pages. The text of the book is in Portuguese.

This book presents a model named Ulianov Theory (UT) that creates a fictional universe in a "slow" process named “Small Bang”. The UT is based on three basic concepts: a) General Octo-Dimension Universe (GODU) - Space/time of eight dimensions where four of them are “normal dimensions” and four are “wraps dimensions”, and the time is a complex variable. The GODU also can be represented like for sub-spaces (each one whit three space dimensions and one complex time dimension) separated from each other by “time walls” and “space walls”. b) Sphere Ulianov (Usphere) - Eight dimension spheres placed in GODU that held together to form special networks. c) Hole Ulianov (Uhole) – The Uhole is an Usphere with zero radius and behaves as an elastic hole. One Uhole in a “time wall” have a mass propriety and “resist” to move in space. One Uhole in a “space wall” have a electrical charge propriety and “resist” to move in time. The Small Bang begin whit one Uhole compressed by a radial force field (General Octo-Dimension Hole Force or GODHF). When the GODHF is removed, the Uhole expand and form one Usphere. Like the Usphere “wall” is made of Uholes, it’s also expand forming a Ulianov SpereNetworks (USN). Like the USN initially expands only in imaginary time, to an observer in real time the “Small Bang Process” is instantaneous and will look like a Big Bang . The UT model is defined over a complete scope, were the concepts of, force (Ulianov Force) and energy (Ulianov Energy) are defined from the Uhole elasticity propriety. Based on these concepts the UT generated a fictional universe that begins in a Small Bang, from which arise particles similar to photons (Ulianov foton) electrons (Ulianov electron), protons (Ulianov proton), neutrons (Ulianov neutron), and neutrinos (Ulianov neutrino). The UT model does a series of equations who are linked to laws observed in our universe, as the formulas of Newton gravitation law and Einstein's relativistic equations. On this way the author note that despite the UT model is set to create a universe fictional, coincidentally it’s generated one universe that is very close to the universe in which we live… This book was written in 2005 and registered in the National Library of Brazil, on 10.05.2007, with registration number 404616, in Book 754, Page 276. The text of the book is in Portuguese.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[30] viXra:1201.0108 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-27 11:08:37

The Nature Of Light

Authors: Bertrand Wong
Comments: 5 Pages. The paper contains some new points on the velocity of light and a conclusion based on the recent discovery of superluminary motion of quantum particles at CERN.

@@This paper touches on the subject of whether light really needs a medium, which is termed the luminiferous ether, for its transmission as is in the case of sound which requires a fluid such as air or liquid as the medium for its transmission, and the subject of the velocity of light.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[29] viXra:1201.0105 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-27 07:05:47

Cosmic Mass and the Electromagnetic and Strong Interactions

Authors: U .V . S. Seshavatharam, S. Lakshminarayana
Comments: 6 Pages. Strange relations can not be ignored.

It seems that- quanta of the angular momentum and the strong interaction range - both are connected with the large scale structure of the universe. In the expanding universe `quanta' increases with increasing mass of the universe. By any chance if the noticed empirical relation is found to be true and valid, `rate of decrease in fine structure ratio' is a measure of cosmic rate of expansion. Considering the integral nature of number of protons (of any nucleus), integral nature of `hbar' can be understood.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[28] viXra:1201.0102 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-25 13:31:19

A New Digital Complex Model of Time

Authors: Policarpo Yōshin Ulianov
Comments: 10 Pages.

This article describes some advantages arising from the manipulation of time by means of a complex variable and discusses the possibility of calculating the extent of the imaginary dimension of time.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[27] viXra:1201.0096 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-25 23:39:24

The Non-Higgs, Revised Electroweak Unification, Revised Gravitation, and Explained Dark Energy/dark Matter

Authors: Rodney Bartlett
Comments: 7 Pages. viXra removed my superscripts. E=mc2 is, to use BASIC notation, E=mc^2. And E=m1+0 is E=m^1+0

Recently, scientists have been excited by the possibility of finding the Higgs particle and Higgs field, which is supposed to give all matter its mass. Fortunately, they’re also excited at the possibility of discovering the Higgs doesn’t exist. That could open the way for many new things in science – here I’ll attempt to describe some of these new things. There’s no Standard Model Higgs particle. You can call the following description a non-SM Higgs if you like. It has several consequences which I’ll also describe. Consequences for gravity, dark energy, the Weinberg/Glashow/Salam electroweak unification, Einstein’s Unified Field Theory … Addressing this last person, I’ll refer to submission 519 (http://vixra.org/abs/1201.0088 - “Exactly Where Dr. Einstein Went Wrong” by Glenn A. Baxter) in “Relativity and Cosmology” which refers to http://www.k1man.com/c1.pdf and the latter’s statement that “E=mc2 appears to be incorrect and also much too simplistic”. In the 4th and 5th paragraphs, I’ll suggest that the formula is not entirely mistaken but would be more correctly stated as E=m1+0 .
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[26] viXra:1201.0089 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-24 23:47:00

Misner/wheeler Correct About Einstein's Unified Field Theory Being Successful

Authors: Rodney Bartlett
Comments: 6 pages in length; if a popularized introduction to my own work is desired, see reference #10

In 1957, Charles Misner and John Wheeler, in the “Annals of Physics”, claimed Albert Einstein’s latest equations demonstrated the unified field theory. It has been argued that the gravitational fields, if known everywhere but only for a limited time, do not contain enough information about their electromagnetism to allow the future to be determined, so Einstein's unified theory fails. Physicists also argue that a unified "theory of everything" must now include not just gravity and electromagnetism, but also the weak and strong nuclear forces plus dark matter and dark energy. This article claims Misner and Wheeler were correct, and addresses all modern objections.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[25] viXra:1201.0088 [pdf] replaced on 2012-01-29 11:28:49

Exactly Where Dr. Einstein Went Wrong

Authors: Glenn A. Baxter
Comments: 5 Pages.

We show exactly where Dr. Einstein went wrong with Special Relativity by improperly crossing over from relativity physics to classic physics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[24] viXra:1201.0087 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-23 06:30:16

On Point Mass Sources, Null Naked Singularities and Euclidean Gravitational Action as Entropy

Authors: Carlos Castro
Comments: 14 Pages. Submitted to the Int. J. Mod. Phys. A

It is rigorously shown how the static spherically symmetric solutions of Einstein's equations can furnish a $null$ naked singularity associated with a point mass source at $ r = 0$. The construction relies in the possibility of having a metric $discontinuity$ at the location of the point mass. This result should be contrasted with the spacelike singularity described by the textbook black hole solution. It has been argued by some authors why one cannot get any information from the null naked singularity so it will not have any undesirable physical effect to an outside far away observer and cannot cause a breakdown of predictability. In this way one may preserve the essence of the cosmic censorship hypothesis. The field equations due to a delta-function point-mass source at $ r = 0 $ are solved and the Euclidean gravitational action (in $ \hbar $ units) corresponding to those solutions is evaluated explicitly. It is found that it is precisely equal to the black hole entropy (in Planck area units). This result holds in any dimensions $ D \ge 3 $. We finalize by arguing why the Noncommutative Gravity of the spacetime tangent (co-tangent) bundle is the proper arena to study point masses.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[23] viXra:1201.0085 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-22 22:35:07

Physics of Several Universities Versus RUBINO’S Physics

Authors: Leonardo Rubino
Comments: 19 Pages.

Here is a comparison, in 14 points, between the modern prevailing physics of many universities and mine. The reader has the task to judge the comparison and decide. The nowadays’ prevailing physics is proceeding with problems and inconsistencies with the density of the Universe, with its expansion, with the acceleration and with the visibile borders of the Universe itself, with strange interpretations of the CMBR, with the justification of the mysterious dark matter, with the fast spinning of galaxies, with the absence of a convincing unification between two very similar forces, the gravitational and the electromagnetic ones, then with the mysterious and unjustifiable fourth dimension of the relativity, then with the unexplained existence and constancy of the c speed limit, with the apparently complete extraneousness of the microscopic and macroscopic worlds, then with the impossibility to provide a convincing explanation for the dimension of a galaxy, then with lost energies, with the apparent missing of the antimatter in the Universe, with the inability to justify the appearing of the Universe etc.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[22] viXra:1201.0083 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-21 06:47:39

The Complete Doppler Formula

Authors: Albert Zotkin
Comments: 1 Page.

A complete Doppler formula for electromagnetic waves is presented here.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[21] viXra:1201.0082 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-21 02:35:53

Criticism of the Foundations of the Relativity Theory

Authors: S.N. Arteha
Comments: 223 Pages.

The present book is devoted to systematic criticism of the fundamentals of the relativity theory (RT). The main attention is given to the new logical contradictions of RT, since presence of such contradictions brings ”to zero” the value of any theory. Many disputable and contradictory points of this theory and its corollaries are considered in detail in the book. The lack of logical and physical grounding for fundamental concepts in the special and general relativity theory, such as time, space, the relativity of simultaneity etc., is demonstrated. A critical analysis of experiments that resulted in the generation and establishment of relativity theory is presented in the book. The detailed criticism of dynamical SRT concepts is also given in the book. The inconsistency and groundlessness in a seemingly ”working” section of the relativity theory – the relativistic dynamics – is shown. The given book can be of interest to students, post-graduates, teachers, scientists and all mans, that independently meditate on fundamental physical problems.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[20] viXra:1201.0081 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-20 15:02:26

Negative Masses in General Relativity and the Dirac Equation

Authors: Friedwardt Winterberg
Comments: 9 Pages.

It is shown that Einstein’s gravitational field equations imply the existence of negative masses. With the inclusion of negative masses, Dirac spinors can be composed of a large positive and likewise large negative mass. The gravitational interaction of these positive-negative masses is positive and leads to a helical motion and not to an unstable vacuum as claimed by Cavalleri and Tonni.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[19] viXra:1201.0080 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-21 02:05:03

The Special Theory of Relativity and the Law of Conservation of Momentum

Authors: V.N. Kochetkov
Comments: 68 Pages.

This article attempts to use the law of conservation of momentum of a closed system for determining the values of the constants in the two possible transformations of coordinates and times in inertial reference system
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[18] viXra:1201.0070 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-18 11:00:00

The Special Theory of Relativity: Definition of an Impulse and Kinetic Energy of the Closed System of Constantly Cooperating Bodies

Authors: V.N. Kochetkov
Comments: 18 Pages.

In article attempt to show on a concrete example becomes that application of the special theory of relativity by consideration of movement of the closed mechanical system of bodies in inertial systems of readout can lead to that the impulse and kinetic energy of the closed system will be time functions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[17] viXra:1201.0069 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-17 12:15:33

The Special Theory of Relativity: Condition of Performance of Laws of Preservation Impulse and Energy (Reduced Variant of Article)

Authors: V.N. Kochetkov
Comments: 16 Pages.

In article it is shown that use of laws of preservation of an impulse and energy of the closed mechanical system presumes to check up justice of the special theory of relativity theoretically.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[16] viXra:1201.0058 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-14 08:24:56

Successful Search for Ether Drift in a Modified Michelson-Morley Experiment Using the GPS

Authors: Stephan J.G. Gift
Comments: 12 Pages. Accepted for publication in Applied Physics Research

Ether drift resulting from the rotation of the Earth has been detected. This was accomplished using GPS technology in a modified Michelson-Morley experiment. The original Michelson-Morley experiment searched for ether drift by observing round-trip light travel time differences using interference fringe shifts. This method is limited by length contraction effects that significantly reduce any fringe shifts. In the modified approach elapsed time for one-way light transmission is directly determined using GPS clocks. The method yields travel time differences for light transmission in the East-West direction but not in the North-South direction consistent with rotationally-induced ether drift.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[15] viXra:1201.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-12 07:35:06

The Compatibility of Non-Negative Outcome of Michelson&Morley Experiments with Lorentz-Invariant Transformations of the Light Speed in Moving Optical Media

Authors: V. V. Demjanov
Comments: 13 Pages.

        From the first-principles of the relativistic theory of Lorentz-invariant addition of the speed of light (c/n) with speed (υ) of moving optical medium having a refractive index n >1 in the natural way there becomes clear the cause of the kinetic anisotropy of the speed of light, registered for more than 100 years in experiments like the Michelson&Morley (MM) experiment by non-zero amplitudes (Am≠0) of the shift of interference fringe. Miller's measurement (1925) and my experiments (1968) showed (in my interpretation) that the cause of this anisotropy is always associated with the presence in the light carrying medium of polarizable particles translationally moving with respect to stationary aether. The anisotropy of refractive index n >1 of the light carrying medium is created by the electrodynamic connection between the polarization (Δε=n2–1) of its particles and polarization (εaether=1) of the aether. The absence of anisotropy of the speed of light in vacuum (in the aether without particles) is proved not by the disputed attribution of MM type experiments to "negative, Am=0", but rather by a recognition that they are non-negative. In this case, by the actual experimental dependence of Am(Δε)≠0 is easily proved the absence of anisotropy in vacuum in the asymptotic limit of the zero fringe shift Am(Δε→0)→0 at the beginning of the trend Am(Δε).
        Accounting for the effects of polarization of light-carrying media, of the first order of "smallness" (n2–1)<<1 in the gases and the second order of magnitude (n2–1)2~1 in media of higher permittivity, plays a key role in the proposed relativistic interpretation of my measurements and all the famous experiments of MM type. Revising the calculations of υ from measurements of non-zero fringe shift (Am≠0), described by MM, 1887; Miller, 1925; Kennedy, 1926; Illingworth, 1927; Joos, 1930, and many others, I found their principal error. They did not take into account not only the relativistic structure (n2–1) of the polarization activity of particles of the luminiferous medium, but its real value n >1. As a result, they received the underestimated speed υ – units km/s. Accounting for the relativistic structure of only the first (n2–1) of the order of "smallness" in the gases immediately reveals (for the same non-zero measurements Am≠0 of these authors) the real speed of "aether wind" υ as a few hundred km/s.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[14] viXra:1201.0056 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-12 10:06:46

A Non-Vanishing Cosmological Constant is Geometrodynamically Prohibited

Authors: K. Sandale
Comments: 14 Pages.

If one solves the electromagnetic wave equation in the Lorenz gauge for a charged particle moving with a uniform velocity, and then inserts this solution into the gauge condition, mathematically one gets the result that the current density must be the charge density times the velocity. Thus the field equations of electromagnetism through the gauge condition imply a correct velocity requirement for the current density four-vector, much like the field equations of General Relativity imply through the Bianchi Identities a correct acceleration requirement. Likewise we can construct a velocity requirement for the stress-energy tensor from the gauge condition of the Linear Field Equations of gravitation. However, the correct velocity relationship will be implied only if the cosmological constant vanishes. Thus the cosmological constant must vanish.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[13] viXra:1201.0055 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-12 10:37:43

Geometrodynamic Mass Decrease During Gravitational Collapse

Authors: K. Sandale
Comments: 13 Pages.

The proof of Birkhoff's Theorem relies on a coordinate transformation to diagonalize the metric. This coordinate transformation is made to affect the vacuum region, but will nevertheless cause the matter in the non-vacuum region to have a different velocity in the new coordinate system than in the old coordinate system, because a coordinate transformation cannot be abruptly turned off where the two regions meet without violating the holonomy requirement. The effects of this coordinate transformation on the matter have never before been studied. In fact, the coordinate transformation turns out to cause part of a gravitationally collapsing mass distribution to at some point start to move backwards in time. This causes problems which invalidate the proof. Furthermore, we provide an actual counterexample to Birkhoff’s Theorem: In the particular circumstance of a spherically symmetric thin shell of matter collapsing it is shown that the Bianchi Identities give results contrary to Birkhoff’s Theorem.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[12] viXra:1201.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-11 18:56:17

Comment Pertaining to “Observation of the Dynamical Casimir Effect in a Superconducting Circuit”, Nature 10:1038 V 479

Authors: Vic Kley, John Celenza
Comments: 1 Page.

The recent measurements of the Casimir effect by Wilson, et al1 established the existence of a pervasive background of charged particles in what has been perceived as an empty Universe. As a result, photons moving through what we have hitherto taken as a vacuum will be slowed5, while neutrino speed will be unaffected. All our measurements of the propagation of light and its wavelength have not been been corrected for this slowing.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[11] viXra:1201.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-11 15:53:45

On Milgrom’s Law

Authors: Friedwardt Winterberg
Comments: 10 Pages.

To explain Milgrom’s law (MOND) and the accelerated expansion of the universe, in both instances involving an acceleration of the same order of magnitude, it is assumed that the vacuum of space in a kind of plasma made up of an equal number of positive and negative mass Planck mass particles, gravitationally interacting with each other. This hypothesis leads to positive mass Dirac spinors, as composed particles, made up of positive and negative quasiparticles of this plasma. The formation of the positive mass Dirac spinors is accompanied by the emission of negative masses. The gravitationally self interacting positive mass spinors lead to the formation of a filamentary vortex tangle connecting neighboring galaxies with the galaxies formed by the Jeans instability of a cylindrical mass cylinder. This hypothesis not only explains the filamentary structure of the metagalaxy, but also Milgrom’s law by Newton’s gravitational force of a mass cylinder. The negative masses released during the formation of the positive mass Dirac spinors fill the space in between the positive mass filaments, explaining the observed voids.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[10] viXra:1201.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-11 04:36:26

Undulating Relativity

Authors: Alfredo Dimas Moreira Garcia
Comments: 96 Pages. 96

ABSTRACT The Special Theory of Relativity takes us to two results that presently are considered “inexplicable” to many renowned scientists, to know: -The dilatation of time, and -The contraction of the Lorentz Length. The solution to these have driven the author to the development of the Undulating Relativity (UR) theory, where the Temporal variation is due to the differences on the route of the light propagation and the lengths are constants between two landmarks in uniform relative movement
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[9] viXra:1201.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-10 12:12:20

The Crux of Relativity

Authors: Glenn A. Baxter
Comments: 8 Pages. None

We identify exactly where Special Relativity went wrong in 1905 and present a practical modern day and easily reproducible experiment to exactly verify the newly developed Special Relativity mathematical equations presented here.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[8] viXra:1201.0022 [pdf] replaced on 2012-02-08 03:57:51

Experimental & Theoretical Evidences of Fallacy of Space-time Concept and Actual State of Existence of the Physical Universe

Authors: Mohammad Shafiq Khan
Comments: 33 Pages. Historial Article

The postulate of constancy of velocity of light irrespective of relative uniform motion of the source and the observer introduced by Albert Einstein in the article ‘On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies’ Albert Einstein (1905a) is absolutely consistent with the physical and experimental observations. The other postulate of ‘laws by which physical systems undergo change are not affected when referred to different inertial reference frames’ is in contradiction with all the derivations in the article. Since the change in any physical system; due to whatever reason; could be mainly in reference to the space and time of that physical system; whereas article derives that space and time of any physical system would be different in different inertial reference frames. This article will establish theoretically as well as experimentally that the concept of length contraction in the direction of motion, as proposed by Lorentz & FitzGerald to explain Michelson–Morley experiment is fundamentally incorrect. Consequently the concept of exchangeability of mass and energy as proposed by Einstein in the article ‘Does the Inertial of the Body Depend upon its Energy Content’ Albert Einstein (1905b) fails conceptually, theoretically as well as experimentally. The theoretical and experimental evidences against the concept of contraction of space in the direction of motion leads to the failure of space – time concept and every theory and concept associated with it. The obvious conclusions are space is finite & absolute, time is relative & emergent, matter is emergent and radiation is the electromagnetic work capacity dissipated by the matter which propagates in the medium of ether as a wave motion. Consequent upon these experimental and theoretical evidences this unique state of existence of the physical universe emerges which has been partly described in the article ‘Foundation of Theory of Everything; Non-living Things & Living Things’ Mohammad Shafiq Khan (2010b). This article discusses in detail the experimental evidences of the coordinate transformation between two coordinates system in uniform motion derived in Mohammad Shafiq Khan (2010b); which in turn shows that Lorentz transformation which Einstein physically interpreted in the article Albert Einstein (1905a) is fundamentally incorrect. Consequently the physics which evolved in twentieth century is shown to be incorrect including the formulae E=mc2 and mv=m0/(1-v2/c2)1/2 .The final conclusion is that space is finite & absolute and accordingly the Big Bang Theory is established to be baseless.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[7] viXra:1201.0021 [pdf] replaced on 2013-06-13 11:50:25

Foundation of Theory of Everything: Non-living & Living Things

Authors: Mohammad Shafiq Khan
Comments: 25 Pages. The article was published in Indian Journal of Science & Technology

For the first time in the human & scientific history the concepts of absolute space, emergent & relative time and aether or ether of classical physics (dark energy of modern physics now named as Luminiferous Energy) have been conceived simultaneously. The mystery of the above three concepts existed in the electromagnetic radiation or light as the phenomenon of electromagnetic radiations was not understood correctly resultantly the true nature of everything remained unknown to the mankind. A theistic Foundation of Theory of Everything: Non-living Things and Living Things’ is being proposed on purely scientific basis which would explain the yet unexplained concerns of human beings. The existence of ether is shown beyond any reasonable doubt and the electromagnetic properties of this medium have been defined. The mass, as we know it, is shown to be the manifestation of the energy; which constitutes the matter; due to the existence of ether resultantly the formula E=mc2 has been shown to be incorrect. The correct coordinate transformation instead of Galilean and Lorentz transformations has been derived. The very concept of space-time has been shown to be a mathematical misrepresentation. A unified theory of forces in nature has been proposed. The theistic Foundation of Theory of Everything also envisages the theory for living things with primary concern of the life of human beings. The characteristics of the ‘soul’ energy has been defined; besides proposal has been put forward regarding the characteristics of the ‘energies’ which being the source of life in all plants and animals. This article is in continuation of the author’s previous works (Mohammad Shafiq Khan, 2010a, b, c) [9] [10] [11].
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[6] viXra:1201.0020 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-07 01:35:02

Michelson– Morley Experiment: a Misconceived & Misinterpreted Experiment

Authors: Mohammad Shafiq Khan
Comments: 11 Pages. Historical article

A thorough review of the Michelson–Morley experiment reveals that the experiment had been not only misinterpreted but also misconceived. Under the theory & methodology adopted by Michelson & Morley the reasons of misconception and misinterpretation have been found to be: 1. Doppler Effect of light was not taken into account and 2. The motion of the solar system was not also taken into account. Since this experiment formed the basis of misinterpretation of absence of luminiferous ether in the space and as the consequence of absence of luminiferous ether the concept of length contraction in the direction of motion, theories of relativity, space–time concept and big bang theory were adopted. The basis of all these theories and concepts is challenged. The present article is the detailed and corrected version of the article ‘Ultimate Proof of Energy Theory of Matter & Cosmology’ Mohammad Shafiq Khan (2010a) necessitated by the article ‘Foundation of Theory of Everything; Non-living & Living Things’ Mohammad Shafiq Khan (2010b). This article finally explains the Michelson-Morley experiment.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[5] viXra:1201.0019 [pdf] replaced on 2013-06-13 11:27:53

Energy Theory of Matter & Cosmology

Authors: Mohammad Shafiq Khan
Comments: 5 Pages. The article was published in Indian Journal of Science & Technology

A new theory ‘Energy Theory of Matter & Cosmology’, as an alternative theory, is proposed which could explain all the problems with different theories of physics, the main cause of which is space–time concept and resultantly the Big Bang Theory fails. Since it is established that the basic building substance of matter is ‘energy’ and it has to be under the influence of the Universal Creator this energy is converted into the matter. Energy is the name given to the basic substance of which the matter is made up of unlike the meaning as applies in the adopted main-stream physics. During the process of conversion of energy into particles, the particles attained high velocities and collisions of the particles started. These particles in the process of fusion emit radiation which finally have taken the form of Cosmic Background Radiation and under the influence of the conditions created by the Universal Creator and electromagnetic forces in different forms atoms, mainly hydrogen, started forming. Then these atoms under the influence of the gravitation force, which also being an electromagnetic force, started clustering and thereby stars and other astronomical bodies came into existence.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[4] viXra:1201.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-06 11:43:58

Simple Solution To Dark Energy

Authors: Paul Hoiland
Comments: 3 Pages.

A short rethink on the whole C as a constant issue.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[3] viXra:1201.0015 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-05 12:35:57

A Relook at the No-Boundry Idea

Authors: Paul Hoiland
Comments: 5 Pages.

In considering the multiverse idea one comes across the subject of the domain wall that seperates our cosmos from that original false vacuum domain. In general that domain and the wall itself effects the evolution of the cosmos. But very few direct signatures would result.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[2] viXra:1201.0009 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-03 10:39:44

Relativistic Theory of Black Holes

Authors: Daniele Sasso
Comments: 5 Pages.

The gravitational theory is the most accredited theory for explaining black holes. In this paper we present a new interpretation based on the relativistic theory that explains black holes as a consequence of the relativistic speed of departure between the speed of celestial system and the speed of both light and quantum rays at very high energy, calculated with respect to the observer.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[1] viXra:1201.0004 [pdf] submitted on 2012-01-01 21:15:58

Open Letter to Professor Brian Schmidt on His Alleged Black Hole in Nova Scorpii

Authors: Stephen J. Crothers
Comments: 3 Pages.

Brain Schmidt is a joint Nobel Prize winner for Physics in 2011. He is an astronomer at the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia, at the time of writing. He and his colleagues claim a black hole close binary system in Nova Scorpii. This Open Letter challenges the alleged black hole.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology