Relativity and Cosmology

1506 Submissions

[31] viXra:1506.0207 [pdf] submitted on 2015-06-29 01:42:05

New Trends in Physics CD Rom /book, Elementes Pictures, Spheres in Nuclei, Forecasted Nuclei

Authors: Lubomir Vlcek
Comments: 67 Pages. New Trends in Physics /book, elementes pictures, spheres in nuclei, forecasted nuclei, ZOO-3D editorfor interactive inspecting of nuclei spheres/, Academic Electronic Press, Bratislava, 2000, CD- ROM, ISBN 80-88880-38-6. http://www.trendsinphysics.info

Coming out from the motto we are going to revalue the experiments of Fizeau, Harres, Kaufmann, Michelson-Morley, which gave rise to Einstein's special and general theory of relativity. All these experiments are revalued from the point of view of the submitted new theory of relativity based on the new definition of medium, the new generalized law of inertia, the new law of propagation of light (waves, intensity), the new definition of equivalent coordinates system, the new principle of relativity. It has been derived the asymmetric form of intensity of the electric field of moving charge at the velocity of 0.001c-c. The theoretical values resulting from the new theory are compared with the experimental Kaufmann's values. It is affirmed the general validity of Maxwell's equations (not only in statics). The results of Fizeau's and Harres' experiments prove the theory of non-linear form of interference field in moving medium without the drag coefficient. There are mentioned the correct relations for Doppler's effect. In the results of the theory there is outlined the possible generalization for the fields, in which the speed of propagation is finite. For the gravitational field there is outlined the way of getting off the Earth by means of rotation. It is explained the new determination of energies and velocities of particles for nuclear field. There are mentioned the relations for energy and the calculations of the radius of moving particles force reach.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[30] viXra:1506.0206 [pdf] replaced on 2015-10-08 04:49:38

Confusion in Cosmology and Gravitation

Authors: Christian Corda, Reza Katebi, Nathan O. Schmidt
Comments: 39 Pages. Paper dedicated to the 80th birthday of Mr. Ruggero M. Santilli, hoping that this will permit Mr. Santilli to understand how GTR and ΛCDM cosmology really work and, in turn, will permit him to withdraw his very wrong claims in gravitation and cosmology

In a series of papers, Santilli and collaborators released various strong statements against the general theory of relativity (GTR) and the standard ΛCDM model of cosmology. In this paper we show that such claims are due to fundamental misunderstandings of very basic concepts of gravitation and cosmology. In other words, we show that Santilli and collaborators demonstrated nothing. In particular, they demonstrated neither that the GTR is wrong, nor that the Universe is not expanding. We also show that the so-called iso-gravitation theory (IGT) of Santilli is in macroscopic contrast with geodesic motion and, in turn, with the Equivalence Principle (EP) and must therefore be ultimately rejected. Finally, we show that, although the so called iso-redshift could represent an interesting alternative (similar to the tired light theory historically proposed by Zwicky) to the Universe expansion from a qualitative point of view, it must be rejected from a quantitative point of view because the effect of iso-redshift is 10^{-6} smaller than the effect requested to achieve the cosmological redshift.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[29] viXra:1506.0196 [pdf] replaced on 2015-10-05 18:11:02

The Symmetric Lorentz Transformations (Symmetric Special Relativity)

Authors: Rodolfo A. Frino
Comments: 26 Pages.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Symmetric Lorentz transformations. These new transformation equations are the foundations of a new theory of relativity called: Symmetric Special Relativity. In this paper several issues are analysed. Firstly, I derive the formula for time dilation. Secondly, I derive the formula for length contraction. Thirdly, I derive a new relativistic velocity composition formula which encompasses part of Einstein's counterpart. Fourthly, I prove that Newton's law of Universal Gravitation is invariant under the new transformation. Fifthly, I prove that the leptobaryonic formula for the fine-structure constant is invariant under the transformation. Lastly, I mention that the de Broglie formula is not invariant under the transformation (the proof is not included in this article). It seems both the Lorentz transformation and the Symmetric Lorentz transformation can indicate whether a given classical mathematical description of nature is relatively accurate in its respective domain (e.g. Maxwell's equations are invariant under a Lorentz transformation while Newton's Gravity Law is invariant under a Symmetric Lorentz transformation). Therefore, the two transformations complement each other. One marvellous advantage of having “complementary” transformations is that we can take advantage of them.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[28] viXra:1506.0191 [pdf] submitted on 2015-06-27 08:59:24

The Equivalence Of Gravitational Field And Time From The Standpoint Of The General Theory Of Relativity

Authors: Ilija Barukčić
Comments: 7 pages. (C) Ilija Barukčić, Jever, Germany, 2015,

In general, the modification of our understanding of space and time undergone through Einstein's relativity theory is indeed a profound one. But even Einstein's relativity theory does not give satisfactory answers to a lot of questions. One of these questions is the problem of the ‘true’ tensor of the gravitational field. The purpose of this publication is to provide some new and basic fundamental insights by the proof that the gravitational field and time is equivalent even under conditions of the general theory of relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[27] viXra:1506.0183 [pdf] submitted on 2015-06-25 15:58:43

We Have Evidence of Supersymmetry at the LHC Already: the ttH Entity

Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 1 Page.

Abstract: People everywhere are awaiting with bated breath the discovery of supersymmetry at the LHC. We already have made the discovery - the ttH process entity by the ATLAS collaboration. There is no compelling reason why a proof of supersymmetry requires finding a partner pair particle. It should suffice to show that a supersymmetric force exists bringing bosons and fermions together in violation of the teachings of quantum mechanics, and this has been accomplished.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[26] viXra:1506.0169 [pdf] replaced on 2015-08-20 06:29:27

Possible Common Solution to the Problems of Dark Energy and Dark Matter in the Universe

Authors: Pavel Voráček
Comments: 20 Pages.

We discuss the principal results of the method of the Causal dynamical triangulations, when applied under the assumption of topology S3 of our world, i.e., assuming the closedness of the Universe. Then it can be concluded that the resulting space-dimensionality three, being equal to what we consider to be the naturally optimal dimensionality of the real space, implies the existence of a certain deviation from this optimal value on the cosmological scale-level (i.e. a deviation from the space-'Euclidicity' there), since a fourth space-dimension is explicitely or implicitely necessary (depending only on what form of the spacetime-metric one has used) in order to allow the Universe to be closed. As a consequence, the bent space (considered to be the component of the curved spacetime), together with the real cosmic stratum there, struggles to arrive to the state with the optimal dimensionality, i.e., it struggles to expand, while the 'pseudo- pressure' is the carrier of the 'dimensionally-elastic' energy, which appears as the dark energy (on the global cosmological scale) and the dark matter (on the scale-level of cosmic inhomogenities). The basic rules for their appearance are presented, as well as the pertaining questions are discussed: the feedback of the proposed mechanism, the problem of the entropy and self-organization of the cosmic stratum, and the evolution of the phenomenon.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[25] viXra:1506.0166 [pdf] submitted on 2015-06-23 01:20:36

Properties and Dimensions of Space and Time

Authors: Fu Yuhua
Comments: 10 Pages.

Based on materialist dialectics, both`time and space have the duality, namely absoluteness and relativity. If absolute time and absolute space cannot exist, then relative time and relative space cannot exist too; vice versa. However, they aren’t equal. Absolute time and absolute space are more important, because they are the reference systems of relative time and relative space respectively. In addition, the absolute space is flat, while the relative space may be flat also may be curving. As for the dimensions of time and space, it is an extremely complicated question, we need to discuss the complicated time and the complicated space. The absolute space is three-dimensional, the absolute time is one-dimensional that is formed by the three-dimensional absolute time. For the relative space, it may have the multi-dimensional space, fractal dimensional space, plural dimensional space, variable dimensional space. For the relative time, it may have the multi-dimensional time, fractal dimensional time, plural dimensional time, variable dimensional time too, they are corresponding to the relative spaces. In other words, the relationship between space and time is the one by one corresponding relations. It is different to the general viewpoint that space is three-dimensional and time is one-dimensional, according to the viewpoints of self-similarity and similarity of fractal theory, three-dimensional time is derived. With the Lorentz transformation of Relativity, this paper presents the special form of three-dimensional time for a special case, which is also written as the form of variable dimension fractal. The examples given in this paper show that to establish the frames of multi-dimensional time, multi-dimensional space and the like, not only are possible but also necessary in some cases.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[24] viXra:1506.0161 [pdf] replaced on 2015-06-27 15:03:31

Special Relativity for Beginners - Part I

Authors: Rodolfo A. Frino
Comments: 4 Pages.

In this paper I derive the classical formula for the kinetic energy of a particle from Einstein's relativistic kinetic energy formula without the use of the binomial expansion. This method is suitable to be taught in secondary schools' physics senior courses.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[23] viXra:1506.0153 [pdf] submitted on 2015-06-20 07:03:08

The Equivalence Of Gravitational Field And Time

Authors: Ilija Barukčić
Comments: 10 Pages. (C) Ilija Barukčić, Jever, Germany, 2015. PUBLISHED BY: Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics Vol.4 No.4, April 27, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2016.46106

A proper discussion of the various philosophical views of the nature of time and gravitational field and the different issues related to time as such would take us far beyond the scope of this article. For our purposes, time and gravitational field are related somehow. In any case, especially due to Einstein’s relativity theory, there is a very close relationship between time the gravitational field and vice versa. The aim of this publication is to work out the interior logic between gravitational field and time. As we will see, the gravitational field is equivalent to time and vice versa, both are equivalent or identical.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[22] viXra:1506.0151 [pdf] submitted on 2015-06-19 16:42:54

Incoherence of the Relativistic Dynamics: e = Mc2 Contradicts Special Relativity!

Authors: Radwan M. Kassir
Comments: 7 journal pages

The ‘relativistic” mass concept is rooted in the problematic longitudinal and transverse mass equations emerging from the Lorentz transformation, as presented by Einstein in his 1905 paper on Special Relativity. These equations, although actual outcomes of the Special Relativity, and verified in this paper through both simplified dimensional analyses and conservation of energy principle, had later been implicitly dropped and replaced by an ad-hoc relativistic mass equation, needed to maintain the consistency of the Special Relativity with the conservation of momentum law—although it results in its violation of the law of conservation of energy. Maintaining the latter law, results in the same transverse mass equation as obtained in Einstein’s said paper. The relativistic mass adopted in the literature is but an attempt to conceal contradictions in the Special Relativity, and a convenient means for arriving at the relativistic kinetic energy formula implying the desired mass-energy equivalence equation E = mc2. In this paper, the incoherence of the Special Relativity emerging from its established mass formulae is revealed through simplified physical demonstrations. Depending on the force definition and the “moving” mass equation used, four different formulae for the relativistic kinetic energy are obtained, all validated from the Special Relativity perspective, creating a detrimental incoherence in the theory. All these formulae are reduced to the classical kinetic energy equation for v << c (v = velocity, c = speed of light). It is revealed that the energy equation E = mc2 is not a valid consequence of the Special Relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[21] viXra:1506.0141 [pdf] replaced on 2016-11-26 11:14:36

Electro-Magnetic Field Equation and Lorentz Gauge in Rindler Spacetime

Authors: Sangwha Yi
Comments: 31 Pages. Thank you for reading

In the general relativity theory, we find the electro-magnetic field transformation and the electro-magnetic field equation (Maxwell equation) in Rindler spacetime. We treat Lorentz gauge transformation, Lorentz gauge, Lorentz gauge fixing condition in Rindler spacetime. We prove the electro-magnetic wave function cannot exist in Rindler spacetime in Appendix A. Specially, this article say the uniqueness of the accelerated frame because the accelerated frame can treat electro-magnetic field equation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[20] viXra:1506.0138 [pdf] submitted on 2015-06-18 04:33:52

The High Energy Formulation of the Maxwell's Equations

Authors: Domenico Oricchio
Comments: 1 Page.

Unification? The high energy formulation of the Maxwell's equations that permit the gravity quantization with gravitoelectromagnetism
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[19] viXra:1506.0137 [pdf] replaced on 2020-04-02 09:47:26

Design for a Time Variance - Gravitational Wave Detector

Authors: Peter CM Hahn
Comments: Pages.

This article describes a unique design for a device that will detect gravitational waves directly. The technique used in this design is based on the inflow that is predicted by foamy ether theory. Unlike current interferometer-based detectors that measure distortions of space caused by gravitational waves, the proposed Time Variance - Gravitational Wave Detector (TV-GWD) measures changes in the rate-of-flow-of-time. The TV-GWD is capable of detecting much higher frequency signals than interferometer-based detectors because it measures fluctuations in time, instead of distortions in space. The TV-GWD can be mounted on a tabletop instead of requiring the kilometer-length antennas that are used by interferometers. Details of the design and the tests performed are presented. Photos of an actual working prototype are also provided.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[18] viXra:1506.0134 [pdf] replaced on 2015-06-18 02:31:08

The Theory 1/4 of Einstein

Authors: Wenceslao Segura González
Comments: 14 Pages. Spanish

In 1919 Einstein published an article in which he stated that the charged particles were stable as a result of a force of gravitational origin. Einstein modified the equation of general relativity, changing the numerical coefficient 1/2 by 1/4. The new theory satisfies all the results of General Relativity, and introduced naturally the cosmological constant, explaining the tension of Poincare as a gravitational effect. We analyze this theory of Einstein and check that there are no spherical particles and static.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[17] viXra:1506.0132 [pdf] submitted on 2015-06-16 15:58:51

RELATIVITÉ RECYCLÉE

Authors: Russell Bagdoo
Comments: 10 Pages. This is the French version of «RECYCLED RELATIVITY» on http://viXra.org/abs/1506.0125

Les vérifications expérimentales de certaines formules de la théorie de la relativité concernant les idées d’Einstein sur le temps et l'espace relatifs ne peuvent être remises en cause. Mais il en est autrement pour ce qui est d’affirmer la validité de l’interprétation d’Einstein. Bien que temps et longueur propres soient aussi essentiels dans la théorie de la relativité générale que la loi d’isotropie et la constance de la vitesse de la lumière dans les systèmes galiléens de la relativité restreinte, cela n’empêche pas de signaler trois antinomies qui apportent des contradictions, écorchent les invariances et projettent une lumière crue sur les insuffisances de la théorie einsteinienne : l’effet Allais qui semble faire varier le potentiel gravitationnel et donc le temps propre ; l’effet Pioneer qui indique que l’énergie diminue avec la distance ; le neutrino apparemment superluminique qui emprunte un chemin plus court que le photon, ce que nous dénommons « oscillations temporelles du neutrino ». Plusieurs physiciens nient l’existence de ces anomalies, d’autres les attribuent à des bris techniques ou à des erreurs d’expérience. Nous traitons ces trois cas avec les formules de la relativité avec des points de vue forcément différents d’Einstein, sans toutefois remettre en cause la constante de la vitesse de la lumière.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[16] viXra:1506.0127 [pdf] replaced on 2015-07-15 00:14:39

The Correct Derivation of Kepler’s Third Law for Circular Orbits Reveals a Fatal Flaw in General Relativity Theory

Authors: Jaroslav Hynecek
Comments: 5 Pages. none

In this paper the Kepler’s third law is derived for circular orbits using the two different metrics. The resulting formulas are compared with the formula for the Kepler’s third law derived from the Newtonian physics. The derivation is using the Lagrange formalism, but comments are made on error in derivation that has appeared in previous publication. It is found that the Kepler’s third law derived using the Schwarzschild metric results in an identical formula obtained from the Newtonian physics of a flat spacetime geometry. This clearly illustrates a problem for the Schwarzschild metric and consequently for the General Relativity Theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[15] viXra:1506.0125 [pdf] submitted on 2015-06-16 09:18:15

Recycled Relativity

Authors: Russell Bagdoo
Comments: 9 Pages.

The experimental verification of certain formulas of the theory of relativity concerning Einstein's ideas about relative time and space cannot be called into question. But it is otherwise with respect to assert the validity of the interpretation of Einstein. Although proper time and length are as essential in the theory of general relativity as the isotropic law and the constancy of the speed of light in the Galilean systems of special relativity, this does not preclude to stress three antinomies that bring contradictions, scratch the invariances and cast a harsh light on the shortcomings of Einstein's theory: the Allais effect that seems to make vary the gravitational potential and therefore the proper time; the Pioneer effect indicating that the energy decreases with distance; the apparent superluminal neutrino which takes a shorter path than the photon, what we term "neutrino’s temporal oscillations". Several physicists deny the existence of these anomalies, others attribute them to technical failures or to experiment errors. We treat these three cases with the formulas of relativity with necessarily different points of views than Einstein, without, however, questioning the constant nature of the speed of light.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[14] viXra:1506.0103 [pdf] replaced on 2016-12-22 14:10:07

The Theory of Relativity by Albert Einstein & the Physical Society – Part I

Authors: Gocho V. Sharlanov
Comments: 30 Pages.

This article closes the famous page with a key importance for the 20th century physics – the “Theory of Relativity”. The bakground of the research is (1) analysis of all “unexpected” and “inexplicable” results of the most famous experiments related to the measurement of the speed of light; an analysis of the article “On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies”; and (3) the published articles “The Speed of Light and Uncertainty Principle of the Macro-world” and “Awareness of Special and General Relativity and Local and General Physical Reality”. The research results are “Model of Uncertainty of the Universe” and “Thesis about the Behavior of the Electromagnetic Radiation in Gravitational Field”, which actually replaces the postulate of invariance of the speed of light formulated by Albert Einstein. А separate section is devoted to reveal the essence of the Special Тheory of Relativity. The conclusion about the theory of relativity, is also based on Einstein’s citation - when “the relativity theory could not be maintained…”).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[13] viXra:1506.0100 [pdf] submitted on 2015-06-13 04:30:52

A New Paradigm of Quantum Certainty

Authors: Jung Lee
Comments: 32 Pages.

A new paradigm is now needed to disprove the common perception of Heisenberg’s experimental observations. A theoretical framework which will replace uncertainty with knowledge. One in which both the velocity and location of any particle can be determined with exact certainty. That the mathematical and logical paradox of singularity do not exist, as well as explain the apparent behavior of photons as both particles and waves is an easily understood and calculable phenomenon.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[12] viXra:1506.0098 [pdf] submitted on 2015-06-12 16:34:26

Only 2 Supersymmetric New Particles Can be Expected for a E8 x U(1) Symmetry Cyclic Universe

Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 1 Page.

Abstract: For supersymmetry, many new partner matter particles are expected. But because E8 x U(1) is the symmetry of our universe, however, we allow only 2 more particles (250 total). These would be ttH and ttZ type fermibosonic supersymmetric entities for use in transporting mass from an earlier old universe to a newer universe without violating flatness.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[11] viXra:1506.0086 [pdf] replaced on 2015-06-11 18:17:46

Intergalactic Hydrogen and Spectrum of Quasars and Galaxies

Authors: Valery Zhukov
Comments: 4 Pages.

Author present the calculation of the absorption cross section by Lyman alpha line depending on the concentration of neutral hydrogen in intergalactic medium (IGM), different from the calculation, proposed by J. Gunn and B.Peterson. The method proposed by Y. B. Zel'dovich and Y. P. Rajzer serves as a basis for calculation. The calculation shows that the concentration of neutral hydrogen in the IGM can reach 10⁻³ cm³ and more, in this case the Gunn-Peterson effect will not be observed. The probable mechanism of "blueing" of the galaxies spectrum is examined.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[10] viXra:1506.0081 [pdf] replaced on 2015-07-19 08:14:55

A Survey of the General Relativity Manifolds and Their Variation

Authors: Anamitra Palit
Comments: 37 Pages.

The paper investigates the possibility of continuous variation of a manifold starting from a given one. Theoretical investigation engenders the fact that such a continuous passage is not possible provided you start from a given manifold specified by its metric coefficients. You have to move in discrete steps starting from the given one, satisfying some equations discussed in the paper. A manifold surface can always be constructed using arbitrary continuous and differentiable functions as metric coefficients. The ensuing Ricci tensor and Ricci scalar will always satisfy the Bianchi Identity and hence the field equations. The functionals in the general Relativity use the Ricci scalar [ensuing from the metric coefficients] as arguments. Different surfaces[manifolds ] are generated by varying the metric coefficients [in order to vary the Ricci scalar or such functions as dependent on it]. In each case the manifold satisfies the Bianchi identity and hence the Field Equations prior to the application of the stationary action principle. This perhaps induces a motivation for discretization. Discretization will modify all the principles involved in General Relativity making them of a suitable nature in the present context. This may open up the gates for including the General Relativity Lagrangians in a more rigorous manner.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[9] viXra:1506.0080 [pdf] submitted on 2015-06-10 09:35:08

Local Vacuum Pressure

Authors: W. B. Belayev
Comments: 4 Pages. Essay written for the Gravity Research Foundation 2015 Awards for Essays on Gravitation.

The existence of negative pressure of vacuum follows from the cosmological models, based on the results of observations. But, is it possible to detect the pressure of the vacuum as per the geometry of the space around the local bodies? The gravitational mass of bodies placed in confined volume, is less than the sum of the gravitational masses of these bodies, dispersed over infinite distance. It interprets into the transfer of energy to the vacuum, which becomes apparent from its deformation. We determine the gravitational impact of matter on the vacuum, equal in value and opposite in the sign of pressure, in case of weakly gravitating spherical bodies. We have evaluated a possibility to extend the obtained result to arbitrary gravitational systems.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[8] viXra:1506.0079 [pdf] submitted on 2015-06-10 09:58:54

Black Hole Information Cloning

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 10 Pages.

“Sloppy copying” is all that is needed to preserve physics as we know it, Black holes aren’t exactly the monolithic cosmic nether regions that theoretical physicists once thought. Sci-fi visions of black hole ‘event horizons’ through which all incoming matter — and the information that goes with it — simply disappears are now a bit out of date. In fact, black holes even obey known laws of physics, says the lead author a new study that arguably solves a decades-old conundrum known as the ‘black hole information paradox.’ [10] That’s what some physicists have argued for years: That black holes are the ultimate vaults, entities that suck in information and then evaporate without leaving behind any clues as to what they once contained. But new research shows that this perspective may not be correct. [9] Considering the positive logarithmic values as the measure of entropy and the negative logarithmic values as the measure of information we get the Information – Entropy Theory of Physics, used first as the model of the computer chess program built in the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Applying this model to physics we have an understanding of the perturbation theory of the QED and QCD as the Information measure of Physics. We have an insight to the current research of Quantum Information Science. The generalization of the Weak Interaction shows the arrow of time in the associate research fields of the biophysics and others. We discuss also the event horizon of the Black Holes, closing the information inside.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[7] viXra:1506.0063 [pdf] replaced on 2020-06-01 05:26:06

Appraisal of a New Gravitational Constant

Authors: Sandro Antonelli
Comments: Pages.

The need of extending the theory of relativity has led M.Tailherer to the hypothesis of a new fundamental equation and constant, embodying in a unique wave equation for the graviton the link between gradient of curvature and deformation of metric. As direct continuation of a preceding work, here a new assessment of the constant S in the Vortex Theory of gravitation is given in a more direct approach than 1st approximation yielding S =(2.5±1.2)E-19 m-1. Issues are concerned fitting by Maple four binary systems data, also allowing to assign a meaningful inertial mass to the graviton (5.5±2.6)E-61 Kg confirming known heuristic bounding. In Appendix an easy way of getting the vortex’s gradient formula is shown along with the whole action of the model and the description of the tide effect on a test mass with respect to a x polarized gravitational wave in the case of an asymmetric source
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[6] viXra:1506.0054 [pdf] submitted on 2015-06-07 03:35:22

The Creation Hypothesis of Nature Without Big-Bang

Authors: Markos Georgallides
Comments: 17 Pages.

In article is presented the Creation Hypothesis without Big-Bang and without any other coherent energy-level . An extend elucidation has been previously done for some very important definitions as that of Quanta of Space and the Quanta of Energy .The expansion of the universe occurs by THE rolling, of the light velocity Moving Dark-Matter-Energy Heap mixture , on the Rest Gravity-Field-Energy Base , which consists a parallel motion and not parallel universes as said . It has been elucidated the Origin and the Nature of Particles Fermions and Bosons , what is Gravity - field , Gravity – force , Dark – matter and Dark-energy. It was analyzed that Gravity–field is a Rest of two opposite signed elements which consist the minimum energy quanta Spinning space and this because of dipole nature , and jointed by the Gravity-force which is the Maxwell`s-Gravity`s Displacement current , and which acts on any other moving or not particle. Because Dark-matter moves with the constant velocity ,c, and is composed of the two opposite signed elements also , and Dark-energy moves also with velocity of light , so is continually effecting on the two fragments separately and are slinging them further , formulating the Infinite and attracting Geometrical Universe , i.e. the mixture of the spherical and opposite signed elements which highlights, and the dipole from them which form the heavy and massive invisible Dark matter , the dipole energy blobby volumes are the massive Dark Fringes which repel .
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[5] viXra:1506.0038 [pdf] submitted on 2015-06-05 03:56:39

What's Wrong with General Relativity? (2)

Authors: Paul R. Gerber
Comments: 2 Pages.

Field-theoretical arguments are advanced which question the validity of the theory of General Relativity. In particular, we expect that retardation effects will substantially modify it's result for the perihelion shift of Mercury.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[4] viXra:1506.0017 [pdf] replaced on 2015-08-22 03:23:05

The First Theory Metric-Affine of Einstein

Authors: Wenceslao Segura González
Comments: 11 Pages. Spanish

The first serious attempt by Einstein to construct a unified field theory was developed during the year 1923 when he published several articles on the purely affine theory which was quickly forgotten. In the next two years, Einstein continued working in this field and the result was a metric-affine theory published in 1925 and which we present in this article. We continue the investigation of Einstein detailing all subsequent calculations and adding contributions from other authors.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[3] viXra:1506.0016 [pdf] replaced on 2015-09-07 10:03:11

The Structure of Space and the Nature of Elementary Particles

Authors: Todd Sicklinger
Comments: 27 Pages.

Can General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics emerge from a model where the Universe is represented as a four dimensional elastic media comprised of energy density and particles are travelling wave and standing wave solutions to a second order hyperbolic partial differential equation that provides shear wave, compression wave, and surface wave solutions to the differential equation that evolve in time? Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity are the two principle theories of modern physics and both work extremely well in its realm of use. However, the theories appear to be incompatible. String Theory and Quantum Loop Gravity have been proposed as means of unifying Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity, but neither has been successful at recreating the results of both theories or of providing new predictions. The model exactly reproduces the geodesic paths of General Relativity, explains how forces work, provides a framework for Quantum Mechanics, and makes useful predictions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[2] viXra:1506.0014 [pdf] submitted on 2015-06-03 04:04:45

Dynamics of Motion in Gravitational Fields of First Type

Authors: Daniele Sasso
Comments: 8 Pages.

In this paper let us consider the general law of motion with regard to two particular fields of force with central symmetry: the static gravitational field for massive systems and the electrostatic field for charged systems. The general law of motion in both cases is defined by a linear differential equation of the first order with respect to the speed and by a linear differential equation of the second order with respect to position. The solution of the motion law is researched here whether when prospective external resistences to motion are neglected or when those resistant forces, due to the resistence of medium where motion happens, are actually present. Besides we will consider the variation of mass with the speed relative to those physical systems that present this characteristic during motion.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

[1] viXra:1506.0002 [pdf] submitted on 2015-06-01 11:20:32

Single Mode Fiber Optic Sagnac Interferometer with Wireless Data Collection

Authors: Doug Marett
Comments: 5 Pages.

Since the introduction of fiber optic gyroscope in the late 1970’s 1, the need for accurate inertial navigational instruments has driven the evolution of the device into complex open or closed loop designs manufactured with expensive polarization maintaining fibers and fused fiber optic elements. Our goal herein is to describe a novel fiber optic Sagnac interferometer design made with readily available single mode (SM) components. The device utilizes a unique manual phase control method based on a single paddle fiber optic loop. This method allows the interferometer to be manually adjusted to the anti-phase condition prior to any measurements. Also described is the implementation of a wireless data logger whose output can be displayed in Excel. Since the output voltage verses rotation rate is not linear, we further develop an equation predicting the expected voltage output verses angular velocity which matches a physical model of the superimposition of the counter-propagating waves at the photo-detector. We demonstrate a lack of Doppler shift in the rotating frame consistent with a classical explanation of the Sagnac effect.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology