[7] viXra:1412.0269 [pdf] replaced on 2020-02-03 17:02:36
Authors: Jaykov Foukzon
Comments: 120 Pages.
In this paper paraconsistent first-order logic LP_{ω}^{} with infinite hierarchy levels of contradiction is proposed. Corresponding paraconsistent set theory KSth_{ω}^{} is proposed. Axiomatical system HST_{ω}^{},as inconsistent generalization of Hrbacek set theory HST is considered.
Category: Set Theory and Logic
[6] viXra:1412.0235 [pdf] replaced on 2015-07-28 04:51:49
Authors: Thomas Colignatus
Comments: 2 Pages. The paper refers to the book FMNAI that supersedes the paper
Paul of Venice (1369-1429) provides a consistency condition that resolves Russell's Paradox in naive set theory without using a theory of types. It allows a set of all sets. It also blocks the (diagonal) general proof of Cantor's Theorem (in Russell's form, for the power set). The Zermelo-Fraenkel-Axiom-of-Choice (ZFC) axioms for set theory appear to be inconsistent. They are still too lax on the notion of a well-defined set. The transfinites of ZFC may be a mirage, and a consequence of still imperfect axiomatics in ZFC for the foundations of set theory. For amendment of ZFC two alternatives are mentioned: ZFC-PV (amendment of de Axiom of Separation) or BST (Basic Set Theory).
Category: Set Theory and Logic
[5] viXra:1412.0234 [pdf] replaced on 2015-07-28 05:05:15
Authors: Thomas Colignatus
Comments: 2 Pages. The paper refers to the book FMNAI that supersedes the paper
> Context • In the philosophy of mathematics there is the distinction between platonism (realism), formalism, and constructivism. There seems to be no distinguishing or decisive experiment to determine which approach is best according to non-trivial and self-evident criteria. As an alternative approach it is suggested here that philosophy finds a sounding board in the didactics of mathematics rather than mathematics itself. Philosophers can go astray when they don’t realise the distinction between mathematics (possibly pure modeling) and the didactics of mathematics (an empirical science). The approach also requires that the didactics of mathematics is cleansed of its current errors. Mathematicians are trained for abstract thought but in class they meet with real world students. Traditional mathematicians resolve their cognitive dissonance by relying on tradition. That tradition however is not targetted at didactic clarity and empirical relevance with respect to psychology. The mathematical curriculum is a mess. Mathematical education requires a (constructivist) re-engineering. Better mathematical concepts will also be crucial in other areas, such as e.g. brain research. > Problem • Aristotle distinguished between potential and actual infinite, Cantor proposed the transfinites, and Occam would want to reject those transfinites if they aren’t really necessary. My book “A Logic of Exceptions” already refuted ‘the’ general proof of Cantor's Conjecture on the power set, so that the latter holds only for finite sets but not for ‘any’ set. There still remains Cantor’s diagonal argument on the real numbers. > Results • There is a bijection by abstraction between N and R. Potential and actual infinity are two faces of the same coin. Potential infinity associates with counting, actual infinity with the continuum, but they would be ‘equally large’. The notion of a limit in R cannot be defined independently from the construction of R itself. Occam’s razor eliminates Cantor’s transfinites. > Constructivist content • Constructive steps S1, ..., S5 are identified while S6 gives non-constructivism (possibly the transfinites). Here S3 gives potential infinity and S4 actual infinity. The latter is taken as ‘proper constructivism with abstraction'. The confusions about S6 derive rather from logic than from infinity.
Category: Set Theory and Logic
[4] viXra:1412.0233 [pdf] submitted on 2014-12-25 05:58:23
Authors: Thomas Colignatus
Comments: 10 Pages. Paper of 2007, written in Mathematica
Adding some reasonable properties to the Gödelian system of Peano Arithmetic creates a new system for which Gödel's completeness theorems collapse and the Gödeliar becomes the Liar paradox again. Rejection of those properties is difficult since they are reasonable. Three-valued logic is a better option to deal with the Liar and its variants.
Category: Set Theory and Logic
[3] viXra:1412.0201 [pdf] replaced on 2015-01-27 21:14:44
Authors: Karan Doshi
Comments: 11 Pages.
In this paper the author submits a proof using the Power Set relation for the existence of a transfinite cardinal strictly smaller than Aleph Zero, the cardinality of the Naturals. Further, it can be established taking these arguments to their logical conclusion that even smaller transfinite cardinals exist. In addition, as a lemma using these new found and revolutionary concepts, the author conjectures that some outstanding unresolved problems in number theory can be brought to heel. Specifically, a proof of the twin prime conjecture is given.
Category: Set Theory and Logic
[2] viXra:1412.0155 [pdf] replaced on 2015-01-30 13:43:13
Authors: Florentin Smarandache
Comments: 480 Pages.
Neutrosophic Theory means Neutrosophy applied in many fields in order to solve problems related to indeterminacy.
Neutrosophy considers every entity <A> together with its opposite or negation <antiA>, and with their spectrum of neutralities <neutA> in between them (i.e. entities supporting neither nor <antiA>). Where
Category: Set Theory and Logic
[1] viXra:1412.0130 [pdf] replaced on 2015-02-27 12:54:44
Authors: Jaykov Foukzon
Comments: 8 Pages. DOI: 10.11648/j.pamj.s.2015040101.12
In 1942 Haskell B. Curry presented what is now called Curry's paradox which can be found in a logic independently of its stand on negation. In recent years there has been a revitalised interest in non-classical solutions to the semantic paradoxes. In this article the non-classical resolution of Curry’s Paradox and Shaw-Kwei's paradox without rejection any contraction postulate is proposed.
Category: Set Theory and Logic