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| viXra.org > Social Science > 1803 |
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[7] viXra:1803.0293 [pdf] submitted on 2018-03-20 23:59:49
Authors: Arindam Basu
Comments: 33 Pages. 33
In this paper, we introduce the concepts of critically reading research papers and writing of research proposals and reports. Research methods is a general term that includes the processes of observation of the world around the researcher, linking background knowledge with foreground questions, drafting a plan of collection of data and framing theories and hypotheses, testing the hypotheses, and finally, drafting or writing the research to evoke new knowledge. These processes vary with the themes and disciplines that the researcher engages in; nevertheless, common motifs can be found. In this paper, we propose three methods are interlinked: a deductive reasoning process where the structure of the thought can be captured critically; an inductive reasoning method where the researcher can appraise and generate generalisable ideas from observations of the world; and finally, abductive reasoning method where the world can be explained or the phenomena observed can be explained or be accounted for. This step or reasoning is also about framing theories, testing and challenging established knowledge or finding best theories and how theories best fit the observations. We start with a discussion of the different types of statements that one can come across in any scholarly literature or even in lay or semi-serious literature, appraise them, and identify arguments from non-arguments, and explanations from non-explanations. Then we outline three strategies to appraise and identify reasonings in explanations and arguments. We end with a discussion on how to draft a research proposal and a reading/archiving strategy of research.
Category: Social Science
[6] viXra:1803.0222 [pdf] submitted on 2018-03-16 01:01:57
Authors: Alexander I. Dubinyansky, Pavel Churlyaev.
Comments: 5 Pages. dubinyansky@mail.ru
Изложена краткая история России. Новый взгляд.
Category: Social Science
[5] viXra:1803.0022 [pdf] submitted on 2018-03-01 09:49:19
Authors: Coccia M., Wang L.
Comments: 28 Pages.
A fundamental question is how to detect likely successful anticancer treatments based on
nanotechnology. We confront this question here by analyzing the trajectories of nanotechnologies applied
to path-breaking cancer treatments, which endeavour to pinpoint ground-breaking and fruitful directions in
nanomedicine. Results tend to show two main technological waves of cancer treatments by
nanotechnology applications. The early technological wave in the early 2000s was embodied in some
types of chemotherapy agents with a broad spectrum, while after 2006, the second technological wave
appeared with new nano-technological applications in both chemotherapy agents and molecular target
therapy. The present study shows new directions of nanotechnology-based chemotherapy and -molecular
cancer therapy in new treatments for breast, lung, brain and colon cancers. A main finding of this study is
the recognition that, since the late 2000s, the sharp increase of several technological trajectories of
nanotechnologies and anticancer drugs seems to be driven by high rates of mortality of some types of
cancers (e.g. pancreatic and brain ones) in order to find more effectiveness anticancer therapies that
increase the survival of patients. The study here also shows that worldwide leader countries in these vital
research fields and in particular the specialization of some countries in applications of nanotechnology to
treat specific cancer (e.g. Switzerland in prostate cancer, Japan in colon, China in ovarian and Greece in
pancreatic cancer). These ground-breaking technological trajectories are paving new directions in
biomedicine and generating a revolution in clinical practice that may lead to more effective anticancer
treatments in a not-too-distant future.
Category: Social Science
[4] viXra:1803.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2018-03-01 09:51:48
Authors: Coccia M., Finardi U.
Comments: 24 Pages.
The paper analyzes the evolution of scientific production and patenting, main proxies of
scientific and technological breakthroughs, concerning non-thermal plasma for biomedical applications in
order to detect emerging technological trajectories. New scientific directions of non-thermal plasma in
medicine play a critical role because they might generate important innovations that could change the
clinical practice. Occurrences of scientific products and patents are retrieved with Boolean queries on
SciVerse database after a meticulous procedure to delineate the most promising applications in
biomedical sciences. Data are analyzed with two methodological approaches: an exponential model of
growth and regression analysis. Results show high rates of scientific growth for applications of nonthermal
plasma in disinfection, anticancer treatments, dermatology, whereas for surgery, although values
of occurrences are similar to the other research fields, it shows a different trend that after the 2005 is
decreasing due to the peculiar application to materials for implantation. Some arguments are discussed at
the end of the paper.
Category: Social Science
[3] viXra:1803.0020 [pdf] submitted on 2018-03-01 09:54:51
Authors: Coccia M., Finardi U.
Comments: 24 Pages.
The purpose of this research is to analyze the evolutionary growth of knowledge in nonthermal
plasma technologies applied for food decontamination in order to pinpoint emerging scientific
directions. The sample uses 22,836 articles and 2,282 patents from Scopus/SciVerse database in order to
calculate the rate of scientific and technological growth that may detect emerging technological
trajectories and applications. Results show that emerging plasma technology for food decontamination are
mainly cold atmospheric pressure plasma and gas plasma. Moreover, plasma seems to be a promising
technology for decontamination of fresh food from bacteria Staphylococcus Aureus, Listeria
Monocytogenes and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, respectively. However, key limitations are the relatively
early state of technology development, and the largely unexplored impacts of non thermal plasma on
nutritional qualities of treated foods. Nevertheless, this technology shows promise for biodecontamination
and is the subject of active research to enhance efficacy and open up crucial
opportunities to industrial and social safety.
Category: Social Science
[2] viXra:1803.0019 [pdf] submitted on 2018-03-01 09:56:34
Authors: Ferrari E., Bollani L., Coccia M., Cavallo E.
Comments: 33 Pages.
Latest advancements in tractors engineering have allowed farmers to increase productivity,
and simultaneously to reduce operator’s hazards. However, little attention has been given to farmers’
behaviour and attitude toward the adoption of technological innovations concerning agricultural tractors.
The study explores farmers’ behaviours on agricultural tractors current and future technological
trajectories. A main case study concerning Italy is analyzed. Results show three different behaviours of
farmers concerning tractors’ technological innovations. These adopters’ profiles would help developing
new technologies that satisfy, more and more, farmers’ needs and expectations, speeding up the adoption
process, enhancing agricultural tractors’ efficacy and efficiency.
Category: Social Science
[1] viXra:1803.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2018-03-01 09:57:52
Authors: Coccia M.
Comments: 23 Pages.
Population growth is one of the major problems facing the world today because it
affects the pattern of sustainable economic growth. Theory of endogenous growth shows that total
research output increases faster than proportionally with population due to increases in the size of
the market, more intensive intellectual contact and greater specialization. The study here analyses
the relationship between population growth and level of technological outputs (patent applications of
residents), focusing on OECD countries. The study seems to show the existence of an inverted-U
shaped curve between the growth rate of population and the patents with an optimal zone in which
the average rate of growth of the population (roughly 0.3131%) is likely to be associated to a higher
level of technological outputs. The policy implications of the study are that, in average, it is difficult
to sustain a optimal level of technological outputs either with a low (lower than 0.2197%) or high
(higher than 1.0133%) average growth rate of population (annual). In addition, the estimated
relationship of technological outputs vs. population growth tends to be affected by decreasing
returns of technological innovation to population growth.
Category: Social Science
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