Social Science

2509 Submissions

[2] viXra:2509.0042 [pdf] submitted on 2025-09-08 00:56:53

Re-Centring the Human Constant: Modelling Attitude in the AI-Augmented Era

Authors: Senthilkumar Anantharaman
Comments: 10 Pages.

Prevailing narratives often position Artificial Intelligence (AI) as the defining reality of the digital age, with humanity reduced to a variable to be optimized. This paper inverts that assumption. We propose a conceptual and mathematical model of human—AI collaboration based on the complex number formulation z = a + bi, where the real component a represents the immutable foundation of human attitude i.e. consciousness, intent, and ethical direction and the imaginary component bi represents artificial intelligence—the powerful, supplementary force of computation and automation. The model shows that AI amplifies but does not replace the human constant: the magnitude of the system reflects amplified performance, while the argument (angle) reflects the system’s ethical alignment. A dynamic extension highlights the "AI alignment problem" as the challenge of ensuring the rate of growth of human wisdom (da/dt) keeps pace with the accelerating growth of AI capabilities (db/dt). Applications include system design optimization, ethical auditing, and regulatory frameworks. We conclude that the future of AI will be defined less by machine power than by the quality of human attitude that anchors and directs it. The ethical task of the age is to cultivate a robust and virtuous a to ensure that the imaginary force of AI is harnessed for human flourishing.
Category: Social Science

[1] viXra:2509.0039 [pdf] submitted on 2025-09-06 22:50:31

A Brief Study of Directors’ Duty of Loyalty to Shareholders — Focusing on Directors’ Liability for Damages to Shareholders and Cases of Parent and Subsidiary Companies

Authors: Kwonhyung Lee
Comments: 16 Pages. In Korean

A full understanding of directors’ fiduciary duties toward shareholders requires clarification of their shareholder-protection function in capital transactions, which constitute the very subject of regulation. This study, building upon the frameworks of the "identity theory," "difference theory," and the debates on "inclusion versus exclusion," analyzes the liability of directors of a subsidiary toward each shareholder in cases involving the issuance of new shares and mergers, particularly in the boundary case where the shareholder is a parent company, i.e., a "corporate shareholder." The analysis suggests that the recent amendment, in its interpretative formulation, lacks sufficient instrumental adequacy due to its abstract and comprehensive nature. To address this deficiency, the study proposes a legislative reform introducing Article 382-5 of the Korean Commercial Act, explicitly codifying directors’ "duty to transfer fair value." However, the research does not extend to issues concerning the future direction of legislative reform on merger ratios among affiliated companies under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, nor to cases involving corporate shareholders in spin-offs, reverse stock splits, or other capital transactions. These matters remain for future research.
Category: Social Science