Astrophysics

1705 Submissions

[39] viXra:1705.0472 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-31 11:15:55

The Density of Dark Energy.

Authors: Terubumi Honjou
Comments: 3 Pages.

The dark energy density of the accelerating expanding universe is considered constant. The dark energy density of the accelerating expanding universe is considered constant. It means that the dark energy continues to be supplied to the expanding space from somewhere. Dark energy is considered to be a constant, lambda (λ) of the gravitational equation that Einstein removed after adding. The energy value of the lambda is desired to be zero. In the elementary particle pulsation hypothesis, the average density of dark energy is set to zero as the first assumption. When the universe expands and the dark energy density thins, the energy value of the lambda is always zero. It is expressed as the horizontal line of the energy waveform diagram. It can be said that the pulsating hypothesis is a deviation from the horizontal line, and physical of the wave shot. The horizon is assumed to be energy zero regardless of whether the dark energy continues to be supplied from the surplus dimension.
Category: Astrophysics

[38] viXra:1705.0464 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-29 17:51:51

PAH's in Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 1 Page. 1 illustrative graph

The vast majority of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)’s are formed in intermediate stages of a star’s evolution. This is in line with the astrochemical principle of stellar metamorphosis. Stars in intermediate stages of evolution are outlined in a graph and are comprised of M, L, Y and T type brown dwarfs all the way to ocean world stages of stellar evolution. PAH’s are mostly formed in Pop 2 stars according to the General Theory of Stellar Metamorphosis.
Category: Astrophysics

[37] viXra:1705.0389 [pdf] replaced on 2017-11-08 19:53:17

Rotation Curves and Dark Matter

Authors: A. Lipovka
Comments: 18 Pages.

In present paper we argue that to explain the shape of the Rotation Curves (RC) of galaxies, there is no need to involve the concept of dark matter. Rotation curves are completely determined by the distribution of baryon matter and gas kinetics. Such parameters of the galaxy as barion mass and its distribution can be easily calculated from the observed RC. We show the extended parts of RCs to be just a wind tails, formed by gas of the outer disks in assumption that it obeys the laws of gas kinetics. As examples, the Galaxy, NGC7331 and NGC3198 are considered. We calculate total mass of the Galaxy and find it to be 23.7x10(10)M\_sun. For the NGC7331 and NGC3198 the calculated total masses are 37.6x10(10)M\_sun and 7.7x10(10)M\_sun respectively. Consequences for cosmology are discussed.
Category: Astrophysics

[36] viXra:1705.0359 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-25 07:12:28

Metallurgy in Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 1 Page.

It is observed that stars evolve into what are called “planets/exoplanets”, this meaning planets/exoplanets are simply evolved/evolving stars. The theoretical foundations for explaining how this occurs is outlined in the General Theory of Stellar Metamorphosis. As a principle of this still developing theory the plasma to rock and metal principle is mentioned with how it relates to metallurgy.
Category: Astrophysics

[35] viXra:1705.0356 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-25 02:23:57

Никитин В.Н., Никитин И.В. ГИПОТЕЗА О ТОМ, ЧТО ЯВЛЯЕТСЯ ИСТОЧНИКОМ ЭНЕРГИИ ГАЛАКТИК ВСЕЛЕННОЙ Источником энергии галактик является Вселенская Белая дыра. Галактики возникли в результате галактического распада Белой дыры Вселенной.

Authors: Nikitin V.N., Nikitin I.V.
Comments: 1 Page.

Источником энергии галактик является Вселенская Белая дыра. Галактики возникли в результате галактического распада Белой дыры Вселенной.
Category: Astrophysics

[34] viXra:1705.0351 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-23 13:06:29

Blackbody Force

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 22 Pages.

In 2013, a group of physicists from Austria proposed the existence of a new and unusual force called the "blackbody force." [18] Researchers have shown how singularities – which are normally only found at the centre of black holes and hidden from view – could exist in highly curved three-dimensional space. [17] A team of scientists at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai, India, have found new ways to detect a bare or naked singularity, the most extreme object in the universe. [16] New data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and other telescopes has revealed details about this giant black hole, located some 145 million light years from Earth. [15] A team of researchers from around the world is getting ready to create what might be the first image of a black hole. [14] "There seems to be a mysterious link between the amount of dark matter a galaxy holds and the size of its central black hole, even though the two operate on vastly different scales," said Akos Bogdan of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA). [13] If dark matter comes in both matter and antimatter varieties, it might accumulate inside dense stars to create black holes. [12] For a long time, there were two main theories related to how our universe would end. These were the Big Freeze and the Big Crunch. In short, the Big Crunch claimed that the universe would eventually stop expanding and collapse in on itself. This collapse would result in…well…a big crunch (for lack of a better term). Think " the Big Bang " , except just the opposite. That's essentially what the Big Crunch is. On the other hand, the Big Freeze claimed that the universe would continue expanding forever, until the cosmos becomes a frozen wasteland. This theory asserts that stars will get farther and farther apart, burn out, and (since there are no more stars bring born) the universe will grown entirely cold and eternally black. [11] Newly published research reveals that dark matter is being swallowed up by dark energy, offering novel insight into the nature of dark matter and dark energy and what the future of our Universe might be. [10] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[33] viXra:1705.0349 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-23 19:58:32

Einstein's Key to Hubble Redshift

Authors: W.Q. Sumner
Comments: 2 Pages.

In 1907 Einstein discovered the key to understanding accelerating Hubble redshifts. By assuming that acceleration and gravity are equivalent (“The Happiest Thought of my Life”), he proved that Maxwell’s equations are the same in every acceler- ated reference frame but that vacuum permittivity depends on the acceleration. Vacuum permittivity is the scalar in Maxwell’s equations that determines the speed of light and the strength of electrical fields. Maxwell’s equations are valid in every coordinate sys- tem in general relativity. Vacuum permittivity depends on the spacetime curvature. For Friedmann spacetime, vacuum permittivity is proportional to the radius of the universe. When the radius changes, changing electrical fields in atoms change the wavelengths of emitted photons by about twice as much as photon wavelengths change. This is the key Einstein left us: The evolution of both photons and atoms must be used together to understand Hubble redshift. When this is done, the physics of Maxwell, Einstein, Bohr, and Friedmann fits modern Hubble redshift observations beautifully.
Category: Astrophysics

[32] viXra:1705.0337 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-22 07:22:25

Naked Singularity

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 21 Pages.

Researchers have shown how singularities – which are normally only found at the centre of black holes and hidden from view – could exist in highly curved three-dimensional space. [17] A team of scientists at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai, India, have found new ways to detect a bare or naked singularity, the most extreme object in the universe. [16] New data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and other telescopes has revealed details about this giant black hole, located some 145 million light years from Earth. [15] A team of researchers from around the world is getting ready to create what might be the first image of a black hole. [14] "There seems to be a mysterious link between the amount of dark matter a galaxy holds and the size of its central black hole, even though the two operate on vastly different scales," said Akos Bogdan of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA). [13] If dark matter comes in both matter and antimatter varieties, it might accumulate inside dense stars to create black holes. [12] For a long time, there were two main theories related to how our universe would end. These were the Big Freeze and the Big Crunch. In short, the Big Crunch claimed that the universe would eventually stop expanding and collapse in on itself. This collapse would result in…well…a big crunch (for lack of a better term). Think " the Big Bang " , except just the opposite. That's essentially what the Big Crunch is. On the other hand, the Big Freeze claimed that the universe would continue expanding forever, until the cosmos becomes a frozen wasteland. This theory asserts that stars will get farther and farther apart, burn out, and (since there are no more stars bring born) the universe will grown entirely cold and eternally black. [11] Newly published research reveals that dark matter is being swallowed up by dark energy, offering novel insight into the nature of dark matter and dark energy and what the future of our Universe might be. [10] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[31] viXra:1705.0334 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-22 08:47:38

Tails Around Globular Cluster

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 21 Pages.

Astronomers have found tidal tails around a distant globular cluster known as NGC 7492. The newly discovered features could provide important information about the nature of globular clusters. [15] Late last year, an international team including researchers from the Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics (KIAA) at Peking University announced the discovery of more than 60 extremely distant quasars, nearly doubling the number known to science-and thus providing dozens of new opportunities to look deep into our universe's history. [14] Fuzzy pulsars orbiting black holes could unmask quantum gravity. [13] Cosmologists trying to understand how to unite the two pillars of modern science – quantum physics and gravity – have found a new way to make robust predictions about the effect of quantum fluctuations on primordial density waves, ripples in the fabric of space and time. [12] Physicists have performed a test designed to investigate the effects of the expansion of the universe—hoping to answer questions such as "does the expansion of the universe affect laboratory experiments?", "might this expansion change the lengths of solid objects and the time measured by atomic clocks differently, in violation of Einstein's equivalence principle?", and "does spacetime have a foam-like structure that slightly changes the speed of photons over time?", an idea that could shed light on the connection between general relativity and quantum gravity. [11] Einstein's equivalence principle states that an object in gravitational free fall is physically equivalent to an object that is accelerating with the same amount of force in the absence of gravity. This principle lies at the heart of general relativity and has been experimentally tested many times. Now in a new paper, scientists have experimentally demonstrated a conceptually new way to test the equivalence principle that could detect the effects of a relatively new concept called spin-gravity coupling. [10] A recent peer-reviewed paper by physicist James Franson from the University of Maryland in the US has initiated a stir among physics community. Issued in the New Journal of Physics, the paper points to evidence proposing that the speed of light as defined by the theory of general relativity, is slower than originally thought. [9] Gravitational time dilation causes decoherence of composite quantum systems. Even if gravitons are there, it's probable that we would never be able to perceive them. Perhaps, assuming they continue inside a robust model of quantum gravity, there may be secondary ways of proving their actuality. [7] The magnetic induction creates a negative electric field, causing an electromagnetic inertia responsible for the relativistic mass change; it is the mysterious Higgs Field giving mass to the particles. The accelerating electrons explain not only the Maxwell Equations and the Special Relativity, but the Heisenberg Uncertainty Relation, the Wave-Particle Duality and the electron's spin also, building the Bridge between the Classical and Quantum Theories. The Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators explains the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions by the diffraction patterns. The Weak Interaction changes the diffraction patterns by moving the electric charge from one side to the other side of the diffraction pattern, which violates the CP and Time reversal symmetry. The self maintained electric potential of the accelerating charges equivalent with the General Relativity space-time curvature, and since it is true on the quantum level also, gives the base of the Quantum Gravity. The diffraction patterns and the locality of the self-maintaining electromagnetic potential explains also the Quantum Entanglement, giving it as a natural part of the relativistic quantum theory.
Category: Astrophysics

[30] viXra:1705.0316 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-22 02:58:33

Никитина Н.Н., Никитин В.Н., Никитин И.В. ГРАВИТАЦИЯ ПОБЕДИТ! По мере движения галактик к окраинам Вселенной гравитация будет возрастать и, в конечном итоге, победит, раздавит всё и превратится в «ничего»

Authors: Nikitina N.N., Nikitin V.N., Nikitin I.V.
Comments: 1 Page.

По мере движения галактик к окраинам Вселенной гравитация будет возрастать и, в конечном итоге, победит, раздавит всё и превратится в «ничего».
Category: Astrophysics

[29] viXra:1705.0314 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-21 07:59:43

Interaction Between Dark and Ordinary Matter

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 14 Pages.

Statistical analysis of mini-spiral galaxies shows an unexpected interaction between dark matter and ordinary matter. [14] "The best result on dark matter so far—and we just got started." This is how scientists behind XENON1T, now the most sensitive dark matter experiment worldwide , commented on their first result from a short 30-day run presented today to the scientific community. [13] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter. SIMPs would resolve certain discrepancies between simulations of the distribution of dark matter, like this one, and the observed properties of the galaxies. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[28] viXra:1705.0305 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-20 11:37:01

History of Galaxies

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 14 Pages.

Each galaxy has a fado—a narrative of its biography since the birth of its first stars. This fate is written in its electromagnetic spectrum, which contains the fossil records of multiple stellar populations that formed over several billion years, as well as the gas that those stars ionize with their radiation. [8] The Earth is constantly jostled by low-frequency gravitational waves from supermassive black hole binaries in distant galaxies. Astrophysicists are using pulsars as a galaxy-sized detector to measure the Earth's motion from these waves. [7] Last week's announcement that Gravitational Waves (GW) have been detected for the first time—as a result of the merger of two black holes—is huge news. But now a Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) originating from the same place, and that arrived at Earth 0.4 seconds after the GW, is making news. Isolated black holes aren't supposed to create GRB's; they need to be near a large amount of matter to do that. [6] In a landmark discovery for physics and astronomy, international scientists said Thursday they have glimpsed the first direct evidence of gravitational waves, or ripples in space-time, which Albert Einstein predicted a century ago. [5] Scientists at the National Institute for Space Research in Brazil say an undiscovered type of matter could be found in neutron stars (illustration shown). Here matter is so dense that it could be 'squashed' into strange matter. This would create an entire 'strange star'-unlike anything we have seen. [4] The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the electromagnetic inertia, the changing relativistic mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions.
Category: Astrophysics

[27] viXra:1705.0297 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-20 04:27:04

A Perfect Candidate for Dark Matter. 

Authors: Terubumi Honjou
Comments: 3 Pages.

If the mystery of the pioneer anomaly is "gravitational action by photon Group of Sunlight", The mass of the pulsating photon particle process is a perfect candidate for dark matter. The photon of the particle pulsation hypothesis is a perfect candidate for dark matter. * Ultra-high-speed and pulsating photons in the particle pulsation hypothesis are moving in the surplus dimension at a very high speed, with great kinetic energy. It is a particle with mass in the surplus dimension though it is a wave of the light of mass zero propagating at the speed of light. This is a particle of Caruia-Klein state. The mass is hidden in the surplus dimension. The photon is full of space, equipped with a sufficient amount to constitute 23% of the universe, and is everywhere in the vacuum space around us. It can be said to be the perfect candidate for dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[26] viXra:1705.0286 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-19 09:06:12

Mapping Super Massive Black Holes

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 21 Pages.

Astronomers have constructed the first map of the universe based on the positions of supermassive black holes, which reveals the large-scale structure of the universe. [16] Astronomers want to record an image of the heart of our galaxy for the first time: a global collaboration of radio dishes is to take a detailed look at the black hole which is assumed to be located there. [15] A team of researchers from around the world is getting ready to create what might be the first image of a black hole. [14] "There seems to be a mysterious link between the amount of dark matter a galaxy holds and the size of its central black hole, even though the two operate on vastly different scales," said Akos Bogdan of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA). [13] If dark matter comes in both matter and antimatter varieties, it might accumulate inside dense stars to create black holes. [12] For a long time, there were two main theories related to how our universe would end. These were the Big Freeze and the Big Crunch. In short, the Big Crunch claimed that the universe would eventually stop expanding and collapse in on itself. This collapse would result in…well…a big crunch (for lack of a better term). Think " the Big Bang " , except just the opposite. That's essentially what the Big Crunch is. On the other hand, the Big Freeze claimed that the universe would continue expanding forever, until the cosmos becomes a frozen wasteland. This theory asserts that stars will get farther and farther apart, burn out, and (since there are no more stars bring born) the universe will grown entirely cold and eternally black. [11] Newly published research reveals that dark matter is being swallowed up by dark energy, offering novel insight into the nature of dark matter and dark energy and what the future of our Universe might be. [10] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[25] viXra:1705.0281 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-18 13:41:39

Dance of Electrons in Space

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 26 Pages.

You can't see them, but swarms of electrons are buzzing through the magnetic environment—the magnetosphere—around Earth. [18] When NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale—or MMS—mission was launched, the scientists knew it would answer questions fundamental to the nature of our universe—and MMS hasn't disappointed. [17] Magnetic reconnection, a universal process that triggers solar flares and northern lights and can disrupt cell phone service and fusion experiments, occurs much faster than theory says that it should. [16] A surprising new class of X-ray pulsating variable stars has been discovered by a team of American and Canadian astronomers led by Villanova University's Scott Engle and Edward Guinan. [15] Late last year, an international team including researchers from the Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics (KIAA) at Peking University announced the discovery of more than 60 extremely distant quasars, nearly doubling the number known to science-and thus providing dozens of new opportunities to look deep into our universe's history. [14] Fuzzy pulsars orbiting black holes could unmask quantum gravity. [13] Cosmologists trying to understand how to unite the two pillars of modern science – quantum physics and gravity – have found a new way to make robust predictions about the effect of quantum fluctuations on primordial density waves, ripples in the fabric of space and time. [12] Physicists have performed a test designed to investigate the effects of the expansion of the universe—hoping to answer questions such as "does the expansion of the universe affect laboratory experiments?", "might this expansion change the lengths of solid objects and the time measured by atomic clocks differently, in violation of Einstein's equivalence principle?", and "does spacetime have a foam-like structure that slightly changes the speed of photons over time?", an idea that could shed light on the connection between general relativity and quantum gravity. [11] Einstein's equivalence principle states that an object in gravitational free fall is physically equivalent to an object that is accelerating with the same amount of force in the absence of gravity. This principle lies at the heart of general relativity and has been experimentally tested many times.
Category: Astrophysics

[24] viXra:1705.0275 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-18 13:29:52

Minimum Energy Transfer Orbit

Authors: Domenico Oricchio
Comments: 1 Page.

I try to obtain the theoretical minimum for the energy transfer orbit for a spaceship
Category: Astrophysics

[23] viXra:1705.0257 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-17 07:42:21

Quantum Squeezer and Gravitational Waves

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 16 Pages.

Physicist Professor Chunnong Zhao and his recent PhD students Haixing Miao and Yiqiu Ma are members of an international team that has created a particularly exciting new design for gravitational wave detectors. [9] A proposal for a gravitational-wave detector made of two space-based atomic clocks has been unveiled by physicists in the US. [8] The gravitational waves were detected by both of the twin Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors, located in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington, USA. [7] A team of researchers with the University of Lisbon has created simulations that indicate that the gravitational waves detected by researchers with the LIGO project, and which are believed to have come about due to two black holes colliding, could just have easily come from another object such as a gravaster (objects which are believed to have their insides made of dark energy) or even a wormhole. In their paper published in Physical Review Letters, the team describes the simulations they created, what was seen and what they are hoping to find in the future. [6] In a landmark discovery for physics and astronomy, international scientists said Thursday they have glimpsed the first direct evidence of gravitational waves, or ripples in space-time, which Albert Einstein predicted a century ago. [5] Scientists at the National Institute for Space Research in Brazil say an undiscovered type of matter could be found in neutron stars (illustration shown). Here matter is so dense that it could be 'squashed' into strange matter. This would create an entire 'strange star'-unlike anything we have seen. [4] The changing acceleration of the electrons explains the created negative electric field of the magnetic induction, the electromagnetic inertia, the changing relativistic mass and the Gravitational Force, giving a Unified Theory of the physical forces. Taking into account the Planck Distribution Law of the electromagnetic oscillators also, we can explain the electron/proton mass rate and the Weak and Strong Interactions.
Category: Astrophysics

[22] viXra:1705.0256 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-17 08:12:52

Dark Matter Collisions

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 42 Pages.

Two teams working independently have conducted studies with similar results suggesting the possibility that some of the cosmic rays striking the Earth arise from dark matter particles colliding with one another. [29] A mysterious gamma-ray glow at the center of the Milky Way is most likely caused by pulsars – the incredibly dense, rapidly spinning cores of collapsed ancient stars that were up to 30 times more massive than the sun. [28] Further evidence of the existence of dark matter – the mysterious substance that is believed to hold the Universe together – has been produced by Cosmologists at Durham University. [27] Researchers at the University of Waterloo have been able to capture the first composite image of a dark matter bridge that connects galaxies together. [26] In an abandoned gold mine one mile beneath Lead, South Dakota, the cosmos quiets down enough to potentially hear the faint whispers of the universe's most elusive material—dark matter. [25] The PICO bubble chambers use temperature and sound to tune into dark matter particles. [24] A detection device designed and built at Yale is narrowing the search for dark matter in the form of axions, a theorized subatomic particle that may make up as much as 80% of the matter in the universe. [23] The race is on to build the most sensitive U.S.-based experiment designed to directly detect dark matter particles. Department of Energy officials have formally approved a key construction milestone that will propel the project toward its April 2020 goal for completion. [22] Scientists at the Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) have optimized some of the characteristics of a magnet to hunt for one possible component of dark matter called axion. [21] The first sighting of clustered dwarf galaxies bolsters a leading theory about how big galaxies such as our Milky Way are formed, and how dark matter binds them, researchers said Monday. [20]
Category: Astrophysics

[21] viXra:1705.0254 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-17 06:34:34

One Black Hole, Two Stars and Residual Dust

Authors: Yibing Qiu
Comments: 1 Page.

Abstract: showing a viewpoint with regards to the image.
Category: Astrophysics

[20] viXra:1705.0253 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-16 13:34:53

Stars Test Foundations of Physics

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 23 Pages.

Stars, quasars, and other celestial objects generate photons in a random way, and now scientists have taken advantage of this randomness to generate random numbers at rates of more than one million numbers per second. [18] UBC physicists may have solved one of nature's great puzzles: what causes the accelerating expansion of our universe? [17] A team of scientists at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai, India, have found new ways to detect a bare or naked singularity, the most extreme object in the universe. [16] New data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and other telescopes has revealed details about this giant black hole, located some 145 million light years from Earth. [15] A team of researchers from around the world is getting ready to create what might be the first image of a black hole. [14] "There seems to be a mysterious link between the amount of dark matter a galaxy holds and the size of its central black hole, even though the two operate on vastly different scales," said Akos Bogdan of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA). [13] If dark matter comes in both matter and antimatter varieties, it might accumulate inside dense stars to create black holes. [12] For a long time, there were two main theories related to how our universe would end. These were the Big Freeze and the Big Crunch. In short, the Big Crunch claimed that the universe would eventually stop expanding and collapse in on itself. This collapse would result in…well…a big crunch (for lack of a better term). Think " the Big Bang " , except just the opposite. That's essentially what the Big Crunch is. On the other hand, the Big Freeze claimed that the universe would continue expanding forever, until the cosmos becomes a frozen wasteland. This theory asserts that stars will get farther and farther apart, burn out, and (since there are no more stars bring born) the universe will grown entirely cold and eternally black. [11] Newly published research reveals that dark matter is being swallowed up by dark energy, offering novel insight into the nature of dark matter and dark energy and what the future of our Universe might be. [10] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[19] viXra:1705.0247 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-15 13:53:47

Solving Accelerating Expansion of the Universe

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 21 Pages.

UBC physicists may have solved one of nature's great puzzles: what causes the accelerating expansion of our universe? [17] A team of scientists at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai, India, have found new ways to detect a bare or naked singularity, the most extreme object in the universe. [16] New data from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and other telescopes has revealed details about this giant black hole, located some 145 million light years from Earth. [15] A team of researchers from around the world is getting ready to create what might be the first image of a black hole. [14] "There seems to be a mysterious link between the amount of dark matter a galaxy holds and the size of its central black hole, even though the two operate on vastly different scales," said Akos Bogdan of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA). [13] If dark matter comes in both matter and antimatter varieties, it might accumulate inside dense stars to create black holes. [12] For a long time, there were two main theories related to how our universe would end. These were the Big Freeze and the Big Crunch. In short, the Big Crunch claimed that the universe would eventually stop expanding and collapse in on itself. This collapse would result in…well…a big crunch (for lack of a better term). Think “the Big Bang”, except just the opposite. That’s essentially what the Big Crunch is. On the other hand, the Big Freeze claimed that the universe would continue expanding forever, until the cosmos becomes a frozen wasteland. This theory asserts that stars will get farther and farther apart, burn out, and (since there are no more stars bring born) the universe will grown entirely cold and eternally black. [11] Newly published research reveals that dark matter is being swallowed up by dark energy, offering novel insight into the nature of dark matter and dark energy and what the future of our Universe might be. [10] The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics

[18] viXra:1705.0245 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-15 16:37:35

Pioneer Anomaly

Authors: Terubumi Honjou
Comments: 4 Pages.

A difference in orbits has formed by a gravity action of the photon crowd of sunlight who keeps applying an investigation satellite according to a pulsation hypothesis. In that pioneer Mary, the orbit calculation of the space exploration satellite pioneer is led by gravitation action by the sun mass. The gravitation by the light of the sun is not included in orbit calculation there. A mystery pulled little by little in the direction of the sun is not untied every year for 30 years by an effort equivalent to gravitational 1/100 hundred million from the orbit which a pioneer calculated. According to the analogy from an elementary particle pulsation principle, I think that a group of photons of the light of the sun to arrive in the exploration satellite is the gravitation by a gravity child carried by a material wave from the sun. It is vacuum space between a space probe and the sun, and there is not the atmosphere inhibiting a light of the sun ingredient. It should always go away by radiation pressure (photon rocket) of the light of the sun from the sun because photon group of enormous numerical high energy collides with a space probe. On the contrary, the top is past repulsive force of the radiation pressure, and, as for what is drawn into the sun direction, gravity by the photon group can understand that it is bigger and acts. A mystery to deviate from the original track that I calculated by gravity by the mass of the sun.
Category: Astrophysics

[17] viXra:1705.0239 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-15 12:12:07

The Hydrogen Paradox of Earth and Rocky Body Formation

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 1 Page.

The velocity of hydrogen gas at temperatures hypothesized to have been on Earth and other rocky bodies during their formation is well beyond the escape velocity of Earth and other smaller bodies. So there is a paradox, how exactly did rocks, minerals and water oceans form, which contain hydrogen, if hydrogen would have escaped Earth’s and other bodies’ gravitational fields?
Category: Astrophysics

[16] viXra:1705.0227 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-14 15:08:42

Some Notes on the Liquid Metallic Hydrogen Solar Model in Reference to Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 3 Pages.

Some notes are referenced to put together a much more cohesive picture of stellar evolution using a few ideas presented by Pierre-Marie Robitaille in his Liquid Metallic Hydrogen Solar Model as compared to Stellar Metamorphosis.
Category: Astrophysics

[15] viXra:1705.0216 [pdf] replaced on 2019-02-11 07:50:02

Improved First Estimates to the Solution of Kepler's Equation

Authors: Richard J. Mathar
Comments: 8 Pages. Version 2: C++ reference code included.

The manuscripts provides a novel starting guess for the solution of Kepler's equation for unknown eccentric anomaly E given the eccentricity e and the mean anomaly M of an elliptical orbit.
Category: Astrophysics

[14] viXra:1705.0200 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-13 01:15:48

The Origin of Gravity and the Impetus for Celestial Motions

Authors: Wei Fan
Comments: 11 Pages.

Newtonian mechanics is a subfield of mechanics that deals with the motion of particle, and is by far the most clear and concise kinematics. Although Newtonian mechanics can well describe the motion of particle, it is not applicable to the motion of bodies other than particle. That is why it could not explain the rotation and revolution of celestial bodies as well as the impetus for their movements. Based on Newtonian mechanics, this paper presented an extended discussion of the motion of non-particle objects and put forth a new kinetic theory that can well explain the rotation and revolution of celestial bodies and the motivating force for their movements. Meanwhile, it provided a feasible way of explaining the origin of gravity.
Category: Astrophysics

[13] viXra:1705.0178 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-10 20:04:38

Magnetosphere Evolution in Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 2 Pages. 1 illustrative graph

In stellar metamorphosis theory it is noted that after stars form their global magnetic fields, they decrease in strength as the star evolves. The global magnetic field is not limitless energy, but is directly proportional to the amount of mechanical motion in the interior of the star. This means the bigger the global field, the more active/younger the star.
Category: Astrophysics

[12] viXra:1705.0166 [pdf] replaced on 2020-10-28 08:23:30

The Structure of the Pivot Universe

Authors: Arieh Sher
Comments: 49 Pages.

The Pivot theory postulates that our Universe is an isolated island located somewhere in the infinite vacuum space. It is composed of two parts: a massive spinning neutron star designated the Pivot and a ring-shaped visible Universe that orbits this Pivot. The Pivot, from the quantum physics point of view, is composed of neutrons and antineutron packed at the highest possible density in the Universe. From the GR point of view, the Pivot is described as a Kerr black hole. Therefore, the ring-shaped visible Universe must reside outside the event horizon of the Pivot. The Pivot theory postulates that our Universe started as a spinning primeval nucleus. This primeval nucleus accumulated mass from the vacuum space energy. The growth of this nucleus stopped when the velocity on its equator surface reached the speed of light and then exploded into two distinct parts: The Pivot and a ring of the visible Universe. The theory is verified against known cosmological observations. For example, the flat rotation curve in Spiral Galaxies, the Spiral shape of Galaxies, the high redshift of Galaxies, Michelson-Morley experiment, Sagnac effect, CMB, Nucleosynthesis, and other observations. Finally, the theory explains two profound issues in physics: the origin of gravity and the conundrum of matter-antimatter. Keywords: Universe structure, frame-dragging, Blackhole, Neutron star, QM, GR, gravitational constant, gravitational z shift, matter-antimatter.
Category: Astrophysics

[11] viXra:1705.0163 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-09 20:35:43

A Material Wave of the Same Photon Mediates Between Gravity and the Electromagnetic Power.

Authors: Terubumi Honjou
Comments: 4 Pages.

Photon group of the light of the sun that arrived at the space exploration satellite pioneer triggers gravity. I maintain a star around the Milky Way where photon group to surround the Milky Way turns by gravity. In the wave packet of the material wave called the pilot wave, a photon and a gravity child should exist. A photon and a gravity child are left out of velocity of light C for the different wave packet. In the quantum mechanics, the electromagnetic willpower is told to act by the exchange of the photon. It is thought that the gravity acts by the exchange of the gravity child. I think that gravity and electromagnetic willpower act by the same photon by the hypothesis of the elementary particle pulsation principle. I understand that Mitsuko of the minus number particle trip is a gravity child. The space formed by a minus number particle trip of the photon group that the outer space is full of is a distortion of the space. I meet the general theory of relativity that assumed a distortion of the space gravity. The electromagnetic power and gravity are the table of a photon and back. 5 wave packets are equivalent to 5 cycles of pulsation. The wave packet is rotted, but the pulsation isn`t rotted.
Category: Astrophysics

[10] viXra:1705.0160 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-10 01:14:50

Isenthalpic Processes in Cosmology, Astrophysics and at Home

Authors: Evgeny A. Novikov
Comments: 6 Pages.

New simple and exact analytical solutions of Einstein equations of general relativity (GR) and of Qmoger (quantum modification of GR) equations are obtained. These solutions corresponds to processes with invariant density of enthalpy (energy plus pressure). Interpretation of this solutions in terms of cosmic radiation and production of massive particles, as well as comparison with cosmic data (without fitting), are presented. It is suggested, that isenthalpic processes can be relevant also to excessive radiation from Jupiter and Saturn. Similar processes potentially can be used as a new source of energy on Earth.
Category: Astrophysics

[9] viXra:1705.0153 [pdf] replaced on 2017-05-16 05:38:01

A Different Black Hole Horizon Interpretation Leading to Entropy Reduction and Violation of the Second Law.

Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 34 Pages.

According to Function Follows Form Theory, Hawking mathematics of a black hole horizon should be interpreted differently. Too weird to be true? My conclusion is that Stephen Hawking is still too anxious to admit that the splitting of positive mass ( going out) and negative mass (going in) at the black hole horizon should lead to violation of the second law of thermodynamics , by entropy decrease!! So, the Hawking mathematics of a black hole horizon should be interpreted differently. All Fermions (with positive mass) should be repelled at one of the fermion repelling horizons with positive or negative charge! As a result, each black hole is assumed to have a globular shell of positron and proton based plasma at the inside and a negative electron based plasma shell outside this positive shell. The ingoing negative mass (suggested by Hawking) could be interpreted as the anti material entangled copy symmetric shadow partners popping up into distant entangled anti material copy universes and the origin of the interference effect in a one photon double split experiment as suggested by David Bohm.. If we include existence of small interference black holes (or Quantum Knots) then Ball lightning and micro comets ( including Comets and sunspots) are to be explained as micro black holes violating the second law of thermodynamics. The FORM and MICROSTRUCTURE of elementary particles, is supposed to be the origin of FUNCTIONAL differences between Higgs- Graviton- Photon- and Fermion particles. As a consequence, a NEW splitting, accelerating and pairing MASSLESS BLACK HOLE, able to convert vacuum energy (ZPE) into real energy by entropy decrease, seems to be able to explain quick Galaxy- and Star formation, down to Sunspots, (Micro) Comets, Lightning bolts, Sprites and Elves, Sprite Fireballs and Ball Lightning. Recently the NASA-SOHO satellite photos showed clear evidence of multiple hotspots created at the solar surface by interference . I assume that the majority of the hotspots can be compared with Micro Comet- or fireball phenomena related to Sprites
Category: Astrophysics

[8] viXra:1705.0140 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-09 06:50:09

HAT-P-6 and HAT-P-6b in Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 1 Page. 1 illustrative graph

HAT-P-6 the host, and HAT-P-6b the companion, are placed on a graph according to stellar metamorphosis to determine their ages and stage of stellar evolution.
Category: Astrophysics

[7] viXra:1705.0119 [pdf] replaced on 2017-05-12 11:19:53

A Theory of Baryonic Dark Matter

Authors: Jaidev B. Parmar
Comments: 8 Pages.

A model of the Universe is constructed and a number of problems in Contemporary physics like Baryon Asymmetry, Dark Matter, Proton Decay, Galaxy Rotation Curve, Quasars, SMBH, Relativistic Astrophysical Jets, Coronal Heating, Solar Cycle, Supernovae mechanism, Magnetar magnetic field, Cosmological Lithium problem, Solar neutrino problem, Existence of Black holes and Electron spin are discussed in the light of the Hypothetical Universe. It is proposed that there exists stable neutrons and antineutrons that could explain the Dark matter and the missing antimatter of the Universe.
Category: Astrophysics

[6] viXra:1705.0114 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-05 17:23:48

Ultracool Dwarf Stars vs. Red Dwarfs vs. Brown Dwarfs, OGLE-2016-BLG-1195L in Stellar Metamorphosis

Authors: Jeffrey Joseph Wolynski
Comments: 2 Pages. 1 diagram, 1 weblink

A strange phenomenon of language has appeared concerning the naming of host stars of new systems. For some reason scientists have abandoned their distinction of red dwarf/brown dwarf in favor of “ultra cool dwarf star”. It should be made aware for the public that this signals a crack in the foundation of accepted astrophysical interpretations and theories. Explanation is provided.
Category: Astrophysics

[5] viXra:1705.0099 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-03 13:26:13

Milky Way's Dark Matter Signal

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 40 Pages.

A mysterious gamma-ray glow at the center of the Milky Way is most likely caused by pulsars – the incredibly dense, rapidly spinning cores of collapsed ancient stars that were up to 30 times more massive than the sun. [28] Further evidence of the existence of dark matter – the mysterious substance that is believed to hold the Universe together – has been produced by Cosmologists at Durham University. [27] Researchers at the University of Waterloo have been able to capture the first composite image of a dark matter bridge that connects galaxies together. [26] In an abandoned gold mine one mile beneath Lead, South Dakota, the cosmos quiets down enough to potentially hear the faint whispers of the universe's most elusive material—dark matter. [25] The PICO bubble chambers use temperature and sound to tune into dark matter particles. [24] A detection device designed and built at Yale is narrowing the search for dark matter in the form of axions, a theorized subatomic particle that may make up as much as 80% of the matter in the universe. [23] The race is on to build the most sensitive U.S.-based experiment designed to directly detect dark matter particles. Department of Energy officials have formally approved a key construction milestone that will propel the project toward its April 2020 goal for completion. [22] Scientists at the Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP), within the Institute for Basic Science (IBS) have optimized some of the characteristics of a magnet to hunt for one possible component of dark matter called axion. [21] The first sighting of clustered dwarf galaxies bolsters a leading theory about how big galaxies such as our Milky Way are formed, and how dark matter binds them, researchers said Monday. [20] Scientists from The University of Manchester working on a revolutionary telescope project have harnessed the power of distributed computing from the UK's GridPP collaboration to tackle one of the Universe's biggest mysteries – the nature of dark matter and dark energy. [18]
Category: Astrophysics

[4] viXra:1705.0031 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-02 14:21:56

The Mystery of Space Exploration Satellite Orbit "Pioneer Anomaly" 

Authors: Terubumi Honjo
Comments: 5 Pages.

The orbit of the satellite is drawn in the direction of the sun and shifted from the calculated value. The mystery is called the Pioneer Anomaly, and the mystery has not been solved for thirty years. 「Wikipedia」 article. Every possibility has been investigated but has yet to be settled. The power to the satellites is usually calculated as 1/100 billion of gravity. Previously, when the mystery of the coming of the mercury orbit was not solved, It was the first time that the general theory of relativity was born and was understood as a distortion of the space by gravity. Similarly, it is forecast that it is a mystery solved for the first time by an unknown theory. This will prove the correctness of the theory by becoming a powerful verification experiment of general relativity theory. In the same way, If the answer to "Pioneer anomaly" by the principle of particle pulsation is truth, It is a It becomes a powerful verification experiment to the gravity action that the particle pulsation principle model shows. It will demonstrate the correctness of the theory.
Category: Astrophysics

[3] viXra:1705.0029 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-02 14:43:50

The Solar System Geometry (Part 3)

Authors: Gerges Francis Tawdrous
Comments: 51 Pages.

The Solar System Geometry Series considers the Solar Group as One Machine cooperates together In this Part (No.3) we discuss The Planet Diameter Creation And Job How the Solar Planets Geometry define specific Diameter for specific Planet And what will happen if the planet diameter changes…? And How the Sun Diameter is Created? Through The Planet Diameter Study We Discuss The Matter Origin And Definition..
Category: Astrophysics

[2] viXra:1705.0026 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-03 03:48:26

The Magic of Life- and Matter Creating Self Propelled Electric Dark Matter Black Holes Guided by a Holographic Entangled Symmetric Multiverse System.

Authors: Leo Vuyk
Comments: 37 Pages.

In Quantum Function Follows Form Theory, ( Q-FFF Theory) the Big Bang was the evaporation and splitting of a former Big Crunch black hole nucleus of compressed massless Axion Higgs particles. The Big Bang Nucleus of compressed massless Axion /Higgs particles is assumed to be split into respectively chunky nuclei of dark matter black holes called plasma /matter creating Quasars, or evaporated as singular massless Axion Higgs vacuum particles oscillating along a tetrahedral shaped chiral vacuum lattice. . The vacuum Lattice is supposed to represent a dynamic reference frame with variable local length and so called Dark Energy or Zero Point Energy acting as the motor for all Fermion spin and eigen energy and as the transfer medium for all photon information, leading to local lightspeed and local time. The energetic oscillating vacuum lattice is assumed to act as a Gravity Quantum Dipole Repeller (or large scale Casimir effect) Gravitons are not supposed to attract- but repel Fermions with less impulse than vacuum particle pressure does. So, gravity is assumed to be a dual pressure process on fermions. As a consequence, Feynman diagrams become more complex than before.. Recent measurements by Yehuda Hoffman et al. did show the repelling effect of “empty space” in opposition of the “attracting gravity effect” of super clusters which he called “Dipole Repeller” effect. The universe is supposed to be Holographic by the instant long distance entanglement particle guidance between Charge Parity Symmetric Universes; the Multiverse.
Category: Astrophysics

[1] viXra:1705.0025 [pdf] submitted on 2017-05-02 08:06:33

CAST Search for Axion

Authors: George Rajna
Comments: 19 Pages.

A team of researchers working on the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) project report passing an important milestone in their search for the axion— they have moved below established astrophysical constraints and are now working in an area that is expected to reap many rewards regarding both the axion and other avenues of physics research. [19] If the axion exist and it is the main component of Dark Matter, the very relic axions that would be bombarding us continuously could be detected using microwave resonant (to the axion mass) cavities, immersed in powerful magnetic fields. [18] In yet another attempt to nail down the elusive nature of dark matter, a European team of researchers has used a supercomputer to develop a profile of the yet-to-be-detected entity that appears to pervade the universe. [17] MIT physicists are proposing a new experiment to detect a dark matter particle called the axion. If successful, the effort could crack one of the most perplexing unsolved mysteries in particle physics, as well as finally yield a glimpse of dark matter. [16] Researches at Stockholm University are getting closer to light dark-matter particle models. Observations rule out some axion-like particles in the quest for the content of dark matter. The article is now published in the Physical Review Letters. [15] Scientists have detected a mysterious X-ray signal that could be caused by dark matter streaming out of our Sun's core. Hidden photons are predicted in some extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, and unlike WIMPs they would interact electromagnetically with normal matter. In particle physics and astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are among the leading hypothetical particle physics candidates for dark matter. The gravitational force attracting the matter, causing concentration of the matter in a small space and leaving much space with low matter concentration: dark matter and energy. There is an asymmetry between the mass of the electric charges, for example proton and electron, can understood by the asymmetrical Planck Distribution Law. This temperature dependent energy distribution is asymmetric around the maximum intensity, where the annihilation of matter and antimatter is a high probability event. The asymmetric sides are creating different frequencies of electromagnetic radiations being in the same intensity level and compensating each other. One of these compensating ratios is the electron – proton mass ratio. The lower energy side has no compensating intensity level, it is the dark energy and the corresponding matter is the dark matter.
Category: Astrophysics