| viXra.org > Classical Physics > 2005 |
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| viXra.org > Classical Physics > 2005 |
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[14] viXra:2005.0263 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-27 13:41:53
Authors: Lev Ryzhikov, Yuli Vladimirsky
Comments: 9 Pages.
Demand for High- and Hyper-NA (numerical aperture) High image quality tools including immersion systems is growing. This demand translates in necessity to design illuminator with large NA to provide all desired illumination modes. To realize sufficient image quality low levels of projection optics residual aberrations are required. Consequently, more attention should be paid to aberration correction in illuminators to ensure optimal performance of High- and Hyper-NA high quality lens system. This leads to dramatic increase of laser illumination system (LIS) optics complexity. In order to aid designs of systems providing optimal illumination conditions without degradation of LIS performance, we are presenting design methodology, based on modular configuration. In presented approach we identify three groups of modules or optical elements essential for advanced illuminator: transform lenses, relay systems, and étendue modifiers. Implementation of Köhler scheme as a transform lens system, Critical illumination as a relay lens system, and multi-aperture refractive and diffractive arrays as étendue modifiers will be discussed.
Category: Classical Physics
[13] viXra:2005.0251 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-26 12:34:22
Authors: Farin zokaee, Miroslaw Kozlowski
Comments: 11 Pages. Keyword: unification of forces, electrostatic force, magnetic
One of the most important problem in today's physics is the integrity of the four main forces of nature. This article is intended to introduce a formula as the static core formula of all forces. The theory states that the force is the energy multiplied by the motion function; or in other words, the energy which is stuck in the motion function. We explained the reason of the forces damping.
Category: Classical Physics
[12] viXra:2005.0245 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-25 05:37:16
Authors: Farin Zokaee, Miroslaw Kozlowski
Comments: 3 Pages.
In this paper we developed new formula for relativistic clock .The formula is valid for all values the invariant constant velocity c
Category: Classical Physics
[11] viXra:2005.0243 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-25 11:21:41
Authors: Robert Bennett
Comments: 8 Pages.
The 1913 Sagnac test proved to be a critical experiment that refuted Special Relativity (as Sagnac intended) and supported a model of aether that could be entrained like material fluids. But it also generated more questions, such as:
What is the Speed of Light(SoL) in the lab frame?
What if the optical components of the interferometer were moving relative to each other..some in the lab frame, some in the rotor frame…testing the emission model of light transmission?
What if the half beams were directed above the plane of the rotor?
All these questions were answered in an extension of the Sagnac test done
29 years after the SagnacX by D&P.
Category: Classical Physics
[10] viXra:2005.0225 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-22 14:15:38
Authors: Paul Mirsky
Comments: 38 Pages.
Features in the propagating grating may be inclined to either width or depth. We propose general rules that govern feature inclination, and show how these rules apply in a diverse set of example cases. We also give inductive formulas to parameterize light patterns, which approximately match the results calculated from first principles in earlier work.
Category: Classical Physics
[9] viXra:2005.0221 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-22 10:40:40
Authors: Paul Mirsky
Comments: 30 Pages.
In Feature Optics, a light pattern undergoes the process of provolution as it propagates; it is analogous to the Fractional Fourier Transform in conventional optics. We study the physical basis of provolution in the simple beam, introducing and incorporating concepts such as imparity, symmetry inclination, and curvature.
Category: Classical Physics
[8] viXra:2005.0211 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-21 07:53:11
Authors: Karl De Paepe
Comments: 1 Page.
We consider a system of two free particles on a fixed line. We show gravity depends on another constant besides c and G.
Category: Classical Physics
[7] viXra:2005.0206 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-20 18:10:51
Authors: Seamus McCelt
Comments: 3 Pages.
If you look closely at a rainbow: you will notice the outer arc (the red side) is darker than the violet side.
Do rainbows separate light and dark?
No, that cannot be correct. So, what is happening?
Category: Classical Physics
[6] viXra:2005.0205 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-20 18:13:23
Authors: Paul Mirsky
Comments: 31 Pages.
Optical features exist in two types: Glow features remain constant, and describe a pattern of light at a flat plane. Shine features expand in proportion to their distance from the flat plane. Glow and shine have inverse feature chains. Glow and shine are convolved to produce the patterns observed in the critical planes of the grating.
Category: Classical Physics
[5] viXra:2005.0199 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-19 16:12:50
Authors: David B. Borlaug, Steven Estrella, Carl Boone, George Sefler, Thomas Justin Shaw, Angsuman Roy, Leif Johansson, George C. Valley
Comments: 2 Pages.
A photonic integrated circuit comprised of an 11 cm multimode speckle waveguide, a 1x32 splitter, and a linear grating coupler array is fabricated and utilized to receive 2 GHz of RF signal bandwidth from 2.5 to 4.5 GHz using a 35 MHz mode locked laser.
Category: Classical Physics
[4] viXra:2005.0177 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-17 00:40:46
Authors: Andrzej Zwolski
Comments: 6 Pages. Key words: time, theory of time, time mechanics
The presented theory of time is certainly controversial and difficult to accept, but it allows a generalized solution to the problems of modern physics by taking a new look at the phenomenon of the passage of time.
Considering the sequence of physical states, it was found that time does not flow either continuously or evenly; also, there is no relationship between the passage of time and the free movement of bodies, although their distance in time is a measure of their mutual movement.
In the new approach, the phenomenon of universal gravitation has been attributed to the passage of time.
Category: Classical Physics
[3] viXra:2005.0082 [pdf] replaced on 2020-06-11 05:21:02
Authors: Ohki Yasutsugu
Comments: 13 Pages. Amend numbering in equations, unclear sentences in version 4
This second paper of sequels submitted by Ohki in viXra, under a postulate that there an exact differentiable linear continuous self-medium with vacuum permeability and permittivity, subject to a discrete and coherent frequency given from the source, proposes solutions to free most people from well-known spells that must be: massless of light for violation the Lorentz transformations, existence of external field for light to travel in vacuum space, regardless of impossibility for light to travel in free space with no external media denied by Michelson-Morley, derived only transverse wave from the equations of Maxwell. The others are showed maladaptation for the conservation law at any given point in time for electromagnetic wave function like mechanical system with total energy summed kinetic plus potential energy, and substantial distinction between Electromagnetic Corpuscular System (ECS) and Mechanical Particle System (MPS).
To free from those spells, this paper leads to its solutions: (1) inherent derivations theoretically from one-dimensional complex equations of Maxwell on theorem of the Noether, (2) the derivations of electromagnetic attitude of radiant octad beam carriers: electric momentum, magnetic momentum, mass, momentum, energy, force, power, and electromagnetic indeterminacy described as the wave form. (3) the self-medium in a continuity entity helps the radiant octad carriers travel on an axis in free vacuum space as longitudinal wave and transverse wave duality, (4) which the self-medium helps the carrier travel in free space as the longitudinal wave moving in the same direction of travel on an axis through the movements backwards and forwards in the continuity, we can observe electromagnetic waves which electromagnetic distortion due to the movement generates for the continuity neutralized electromagnetically. (5) the indeterminacy carrier of the radiant octad carriers has a space interval or a time interval disappeared only in observing, some of the others are observable and calculatable through invariant the speed of light. (6) maladaptation of time reversal symmetry in the ECS.
Besides, the self-medium with octad complex coordinates has an electromagnetic complex wave in the ECS to interchange the real manifest regimen into the imaginary potential regimen each other to-and-fro for each carrier, and to be described as complex wave function. Therefore, there are complex conservation laws able to apply respectively to the radiant octad carriers at any one point in time like total energy plus kinetic energy and potential energy in the MPS. In short word, the ECS has potential imaginary regimen like the MPS’s potential energy. The indeterminacy constitutes of indeterminate space interval or time interval that disappears in observing. However, if the time interval equal to time of observation regards as normal probability distribution through the observation, it will lead us to quantum mechanics world. Moreover, relationship between the beam energy and the beam indeterminacy is described as b(w) ∆ t = ∆ equation stands on the ECS side, when the ∆ t defined as the measurement time interval product of space interval ∆ z and the speed of light is assumed as a property of a probability distribution in the self-medium.
Category: Classical Physics
[2] viXra:2005.0055 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-04 18:15:33
Authors: Yahya A.Sharif
Comments: 1 Page.
Everything in the universe exists with a number assigned to its existence
Category: Classical Physics
[1] viXra:2005.0019 [pdf] submitted on 2020-05-01 10:50:38
Authors: Junnichi Fujii
Comments: 10 Pages.
The definition which is the unit when making physics develop, it's important to be consistent. When handling of the unit isn't consistent when combining a physics system different in more than 2 in particular, it's natural for a calculation result to become inaccurate. The value based on the specific unit as well as that will be divergent and be that it'll be a zero, and the peculiar point which is seemingly in an equation shows, and the price becomes unsettled over the whole equation, and I can also get a meaningless solution at all. When I close using "the weight" as "definition of the mass", the price will be in the state of "by the mass, zero" seemingly at space, and is a zero for the item by which mass m is multiplied, and the price emits the item by which mass m is in the denominator. A handling mistake of the mass and the weight is the boring funny story, but present-day physics has no conclusive evidence in which I don't make a similar mistake. I divide a definition of the unit among the main subject as "a unit, its own definition" "definition of measurement of the unit", think and propose the most suitable element the respective definitions should have. I aim at a multi-purposed definition by it's in shoes of a neutron, and changing the mind about a definition in time.
Category: Classical Physics
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