Classical Physics

Acoustic Levitation Using Arduino

Authors: Sri Vrushank Ayyagari
Comments: 6 Pages.

This project is about levitating low-density objects using ultrasonic transducers, and other components are driven by Arduino board, H-Bridge, etc. The levitation is done using acoustic waves(sound), which are produced by ultrasonic transducers with a certain frequency. The idea is to form standing waves that will counteract the gravitational force of the earth acting downwards, where these waves create nodes and anti-nodes opposite to the g-force, enabling the object to levitate mid-air.
Category: Classical Physics

Experimental Investigation of an Unusual Induction Effect and Its Interpretation as a Necessary Consequence of Weber Electrodynamics

Authors: Steffen Kühn
Comments: 7 Pages.

The magnetic force acts exclusively perpendicular to the direction of motion of a test charge, whereas the electric force does not depend on the velocity of the charge. This article provides experimental evidence that, in addition to these two forces, there is a third electromagnetic force that (i) is proportional to the velocity of the test charge and (ii) acts parallel to the direction of motion rather than perpendicular. This force cannot be explained by the Maxwell equations and the Lorentz force, since it is mathematically incompatible with this framework. However, this force is compatible with Weber electrodynamics and Ampère's original force law, as this older form of electrodynamics not only predicts the existence of such a force but also makes it possible to accurately calculate the strength of this force.
Category: Classical Physics

Inadequacies of Sommerfeld's Front Velocity Definition

Authors: Steffen Kühn
Comments: 6 Pages.

Current practice defined the front velocity of a signal as the limit of the phase velocity for infinitely high frequency. However, the present article provides evidence that the propagation velocities of signal fronts for input signals of nonzero temporal duration result from the phase velocities in the low-frequency range. In conclusion, although the impulse response propagates at the so-called front velocity, this is shown not to be true for the step response, and this aspect is shown not to represent a contradiction.
Category: Classical Physics

Electromagnetic Field in Curvilinear Coordinates

Authors: Anatoly Parfyonov
Comments: 18 Pages.

Having considered the electromagnetic field in a curvilinear coordinate system, a theory has been created that expands our understanding of the electromagnetic field, the nature of quarks, the nature of strong interaction, and the connection between strong interaction and electromagnetic interaction.
Category: Classical Physics

Harmonisation of Classical Wave Equation

Authors: Alireza Jamali
Comments: 3 Pages. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Comments and objections are welcome.

In this short letter we present a technique using which one attributes frequency and wavevector to (almost) arbitrary scalar fields. Our proposed definition is then applied to the classical wave equation to yield a novel nonlinear PDE.
Category: Classical Physics

Addressing Anomalies in Extreme Cosmic Environments, A Fatio / Le Sage Push-Gravity Approach

Authors: Francois Zinserling
Comments: 25 Pages.

This study investigates the efficacy of the Fatio-Le Sage push-gravity model in explaining phenomena that traditional models struggle to resolve. Objections to push-gravity are overcome without violating causality. The ‘Quantum Vacuum Inertia’ of Alfonso Rueda and Bernard Haisch offers an electrodynamic model for the dynamic aether as an isotropic radiant energy density. The correlated ‘Photon Pairs’ of Patrick Grahn, Arto Annila, Erkki Kolehmainen shows matter to be mostly transparent to the aether and offers a transformation mechanism whereby the ‘energy problem’ is avoided. Newtonian gravity is derived from first principles, which reveals an exponential component that conflicts with Standard Cosmology, yet bears solutions to some current cosmic anomalies. The findings might be directly applicable to improve existing gravity models, including relativistic models, and the resultant equations reveal the beginnings of a path to a quantum solution.
Category: Classical Physics

Redefinition of New Physics Philosophical Principles for Explaining Motion Phenomenon

Authors: Mohammad Asadi-Dalir
Comments: 30 Pages.

In this research, a fundamental revision is made on the Newtonian mechanics to provide a new theory having a more diverse range of phenomena explained. The first and second laws are reformed and the third one is held while the general law of gravity has been removed. The basic concepts of Newtonian mechanics are location, mass and absolute time. The absolute time being held, mass is included as a more general concept and location is not an original concept, but a second order one. Motion in 3D frame is considered to be an inherent property for 3D objects and location is its integration. On the other hand, location for light as a 4D object is not sensible. The free fall phenomenon is described without using Newton’s general law of gravity. The well-known experimentally verified results of relativity theories (special and general) are covered by three postulations of the new theory. The gravity is a result of Ether’s motion as a fluid among cosmological masses and the accelerating expansions of galaxies as well as the fast motion of objects in the galaxies margin are shown to be explainable without needing some unknowns such as dark energy and dark matter. The philosophical aspects of new theory are analyzed at the end
Category: Classical Physics

Indirekte Energiemessung Der Destruktiven Lichtinterferenz (Indirect Energy Measurement of Destructive Light Interference)

Authors: Wolfgang Sturm
Comments: 4 Pages. In German [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form]

This article is about indirect energy measurement of the destructive light interference.
Category: Classical Physics

Examining Modern Mechanics as a Three-System Classical Mechanics-Based Theory of Moving Systems

Authors: Steven B. Bryant
Comments: 17 Pages. Keywords: Physics, Relativity, Special Relativity Theory, Moving Systems, Classical Mechanics, Modern Mechanics

Supported through a century of investigation, experimental support, and observational evidence, relativity is accepted as being conceptually sound, mathematically correct, and theoretically valid. Because it is believed to be the only theory that quantitatively explains certain experiments and yields E=mc^2, there is widespread support that any improvement will take the form of an enhancement to, rather than a replacement of the theory. Despite this degree of support, the seminal derivation of special relativity theory found in Section 3 of On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies contains a mathematical contradiction that must be remediated. Specifically, the τ and ξ equations are expressed in terms of x, y, and t, where Einstein derives ξ as ξ=τc, which is immediately followed by his stating the ξ and τ equations as: τ=β(t-vx/c^2 ) and ξ=β(x-vt), where β=1/SQRT(1-v^2/c^2 ). The contradiction occurs because the mathematical equality of ξ=τc is not maintained when both equations are evaluated using most combinations of x, y, and t. As a concrete example of the contradiction, when x=1, v=0, and t=0, we find that ξ=1 and τ=0, such that ξ≠τc. Here, we introduce Modern Mechanics, a three–system, classical mechanics–based model of moving systems, that does not contain the contradiction. While Modern Mechanics shares a common mathematical kernel with relativity, it uses different equations that can be viewed as an enhancement, or improvement, to the special relativity mathematics. Experimentally, Modern Mechanics yields E=mc^2 and produces a quantitatively better result for the Michelson-Morley experiment. Conceptually, Modern Mechanics differs from relativity because it removes the contradiction, concepts, and restrictions associated with relativity; integrates kinematics and electromagnetism while retaining the translation equation for moving systems; and offers novel insights into Einstein’s two–system relativity theory derivation (including discussing where and how the inequality is introduced).
Category: Classical Physics

Эфирный Электро-Магнетизм Часть 1: Статика Электростатика
Etheric Electromagnetism Part 1. Statics Electrostatics

Authors: Avsharov Evgeny Mikhailovich
Comments: 26 Pages. [Corrections are made by viXra Admin to comply with the rules of viXra.org]

На сегодня нет доказательных опытов по электронной проводимости металлов и полупроводников, даже наоборот - приводит к физическому не пониманию например взаимосвязи и перпендикулярности токов, направлений движения и магнитных явлений, инерционности токовых процессов во времени, свойств "сверхпроводимости", эффектов в "Вилке Авраменко", в "эффекте Сигалова" и т.д. Эти же опыты, как будет показано ниже, могут быть объяснены эфиродинамическим подходом "Градиентной Эфиродинамики" с большей логической сходимостью причинно-следственных связей процессов при протекания токов, при генерации напряжений, во взаимосвязи токов и магнитных полей в пространстве и времени, исходя из единственного ключевого базового предположения: "электрический ток" в материальной среде представляет собой направленный поток эфира, порожденный разностью давлений эфира внутри локального пространства металлического проводника в локальном промежутке времени.

To date, there are no conclusive experiments on the electronic conductivity of metals and semiconductors, even on the contrary, it leads to a physical misunderstanding, for example, of the interconnection and perpendicularity of currents, directions of motion and magnetic phenomena, the inertia of current processes in time, the properties of "superconductivity", the effects in the "Avramenko Fork", in the "Sigalov effect", etc. The same experiments, as will be shown below, can be explained by the ether-dynamic approach "Gradient Etherodynamics" with greater logical convergence of cause-and-effect relationships of processes with the flow of currents, with the generation of voltages, in the relationship of currents and magnetic fields in space and time, proceeding from the only key basic assumption: the "electric current" in the material medium is a directed flow of ether generated by the difference in ether pressures inside the local space of a metal conductor in a local time interval.
Category: Classical Physics

Эфирный Электро-Магнетизм Часть 2: Статика Магнитостатика (Градиентная Эфиродинамика)
Etheric Electro-Magnetism Part 2: Statics Magnetostatics (Gradient Etherodynamics)

Authors: Avsharov Evgeny Mikhailovich
Comments: 19 Pages. [Corrections are made by viXra Admin to comply with the rules of viXra.org]

Это вторая часть публикации - "Эфирный Электро-Магнетизм. Часть 2. Статика" - "Магнитостатика". C точки зрения эфиродинамических процессов под термином "Статика", представляются все динамические процессы движения эфира, в которых первая производная любого макро процесса по времени в любой точке окружающего пространства, где протекают эти процессы, ровна нулю: dProcxx/dt = 0, т.е текущие эфиродинамические процессы в эфире стационарны!

This is the second part of the publication - "Etheric Electro-Magnetism. Part 2. Statics" - "Magnetostatics". From the point of view of ether-dynamic processes under the term "Static", all dynamic processes of ether movement, in which the first derivative of any macro process in time at any point of the surrounding space, where these processes occur, is equal to zero: dProcxx / dt = 0, i.e. current ether-dynamic processes in ether are stationary!
Category: Classical Physics

Эфирный Электро-Магнетизм Часть 3: Динамика "Электро-Магнитных" процессов (Градиентная Эфиродинамика)
Etheric Electro-Magnetism Part 3: Dynamics of "Electro-Magnetic" Processes (Gradient Etherodynamics)

Authors: Avsharov Evgeny Mikhailovich
Comments: 21 Pages. [Corrections are made by viXra Admin to comply with the rules of viXra.org]

Это третья часть публикации - "Эфирный Электро-Магнетизм. Часть 3. Динамика "Электро-Магнитных" процессов". C точки зрения эфиродинамических процессов под термином "Динамика", представляются все динамические процессы движения эфира, в которых первая производная любого макро процесса по времени в любой точке окружающего пространства, где протекают эти процессы, не ровна нулю: 0 < dProcxx/dt < 0, т.е текущие эфиродинамические процессы в эфире не стационарны!

This is the third part of the publication - "Etheric Electro-Magnetism. Part 3. Dynamics of" Electro-Magnetic "processes". From the point of view of ether-dynamic processes, the term "Dynamics" represents all dynamic processes of ether movement, in which the first derivative of any macro process in time at any point of the surrounding space, where these processes take place, is not equal to zero: 0 <dProcxx / dt <0, that is, the current ether-dynamic processes in the ether are not stationary!
Category: Classical Physics

Attitude Propagation Using Slewing and Rotational Transformations of a Single Axis

Authors: Russell P. Patera
Comments: 19 Pages.

The exact slewing attitude transformation of a single axis that moves along a conical trajectory was derived. The result was used to increase the attitude propagation accuracy using a single axis by incorporating the slewing motion of the angular rate vector into the attitude propagation algorithm. It was shown that when the slew rate of the angular rate vector has a fixed orientation in the body frame and has a magnitude proportional to the angular rate vector magnitude, the attitude can be propagated with only numerical roundoff error. The findings not only agree with previously published results, but provide and additional new solution due to the commutative property of the associated slewing and rotational transformations. The algorithm was applied to pure coning motion having time dependent angular rate magnitude and the coning motion of axisymmetric vehicles with time dependent angular rate magnitude. Numerical examples that demonstrate the improvement in accuracy are included.
Category: Classical Physics

Inexplicability of the Beth’s Experiment Within the Framework of Maxwell's Electrodynamics

Authors: R. I. Khrapko
Comments: 6 Pages.

It is shown that the electromagnetic field in the well-known Beth's experiment contains no linear momentum. This means that the angular momentum of the field in the Beth’s experiment is zero, since the angular momentum, by definition, is the moment of the linear momentum. Nevertheless, the half-wave plate in the Beth’s experiment receives an angular momentum from the field, which, by definition, does not have this angular momentum. This means that the definition of the angular momentum of an electromagnetic field should be changed to explain the Beth’s experiment. The angular momentum of an electromagnetic field contains a spin term that does not depend on linear momentum.
Category: Classical Physics