Classical Physics

The World According to Nature: A Non-Mathematical Approach to Theoretical Physics

Authors: James C. Decandole
Comments: 18 Pages.

The problem with mathematical theoretical physics is anthropocentrism. The mental activities of observation, recording, calculation, and manipulation are not relevant in the microcosm. An alternative method of natural philosophy is to neglect the human experience and describe the phenomena of nature from the point of view of the center of a fundamental particle. Subjects to be studied in this way include cause, dimension, direction, effect, frame of reference, interaction, measurement, microcosm, motion, nature, oscillation, particle, period, point, symmetry, time, universe, and wave.
Category: Classical Physics

Theory of Motion: The Oscillon Hypothesis

Authors: James C. Decandole
Comments: 19 Pages.

A reasonable assumption about fundamental nature is the existence of the smallest, simplest, most elementary particle and form of motion, here called an oscillon. The oscillon is hypothesized to be a physical system of two separated points, one a constant center point and the other a moving point of tangency. Like a pendulum, the moving point oscillates relative to the center in a three-dimensional frame of reference. Inherent in the motion of the system is the capability of self-measurement.
Category: Classical Physics

Plane Wave Spin Work

Authors: R. I. Khrapko
Comments: 3 Pages. Submitted to PRL

A simple calculation shows that when an electromagnetic wave of circular polarization is absorbed, the rotation of the absorber changes the flow of electromagnetic energy to the absorber by the amount of mechanical work performed by the spin of this wave. The result obtained shows the need to replace the currently used definition of the classical spin of electromagnetic radiation.
Category: Classical Physics

Transfer of the Spin of an Electromagnetic Wave to an Ideal Conductor

Authors: R. I. Khrapko
Comments: 6 Pages. Accepted by J. Modern Optics

It is indicated that when a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave is incident obliquely on an ideal conductor and reflected from it, the spin of the wave is partially transferred to the conductor. In this case, if the conductor rotates so that the axis of rotation is parallel to the transferred spin, then work is done. The work leads to a change in the frequency of the wave, and this can be recorded in a suitable interference experiment by shifting the interference fringes.
Category: Classical Physics

Contradiction Tolerance of Kirchhoff’s Diffraction Theory

Authors: Han Geurdes
Comments: 9 Pages.

Complex numbers are basic to exact science. When a flaw exists in complex numbers conceptual difficulties will arise for many subfields concerning wave mechanics. Kirchoff’s scalar diffraction theory of optics is already considered inconsistent. Nevertheless it is successfull in experiment. In our study we add the complex number inconsistency to Kirchoff diffraction and see what that does to the experimental value of the Kirchhoff diffraction theory. There are no a priori reasons to include or exclude the obtained inconsistent phase angle. Assuming that the inconsistent phase angle is excluded in nature, we were able to establish the theoretical possibility to observe a substantial diffraction despite a weak intensity point source and small wavelength.
Category: Classical Physics

Measurement Uncertainty in Network Analyzers: Differential Error DE Analysis of Error Models Part 6: FLOSS - Software Tools

Authors: N. I. Yannopoulou, P. E. Zimourtopoulos
Comments: 20 Pages.

Two software tools were developed to compute and illustrate the uncertainty estimation of one-port VNA measurements using Complex Differential Error Regions, DERs, and their corresponding Differential Error Intervals, DEIs, in polar and rectangular form. The first tool, [REGION], was written in Open Watcom FORTRAN F77 Compiler as a Command Line Interface for calculations and is the programming realization of the graphical DER construction presented by the authors in the previous part of this series. The second tool, [DERDEI], was written in Maxima and is used as a Graphical User Interface for illustrations. Both of them were written with these Open, Free and under continuous support software development systems, in order to be publicly available, since the corresponding previously written and used by the authors programs demand the proprietary Mathematica application. The presented tools were tested with our VNA system measurement data but they can be easily used with any other VNA data ensuring that the text files have the same, specifically defined, format, valid under SLO calibration for one-port measurements. In order to demonstrate our method a number of selected experimental results along with some extreme cases of DERs and their DEIs, under particular circumstances, are also presented. The developed software tools are available on the Internet as FLOSS Free Libre Open Source Software.
Category: Classical Physics

Indicator of Serious Flight Delays with the Approach of Time-Delay Stability

Authors: Yunfeng Zhu, Chen-ping Zhu
Comments: 23 Pages.

Passenger flight delays, causing much disorder of air traffics, economic losses of airlines, and downgrading the travel quality of millions of people, are ubiquitous phenomena in airports all over the world. Investigation based on real data from the view point of statistical physics is rarely seen. In the present work, big data of such delay records over 20 years accumulated by Bureau of Transportation Statistics in the United States are downloaded and analysed by us.
Category: Classical Physics

Proposed Water Electrolysis Experiment May Refute Mass-energy Equivalenc Of E=mc2

Authors: Chan Rasjid Kah Chew
Comments: 5 Pages.

This paper is a continuation of a previous paper of the author which explains how a chemical analysis of theratio by weight of O-16 and H-1 in plain water (the presence of different isotopes of O and H would not affect the experiment) could decide if the hypothesis of mass-energy equivalence based on E=mc2 is verified or refuted; a refutation would mean a full revival of the classical law of conservation of mass without any need of mass-energy equivalence consideration. The proposed experiment is by electrolysis of water as an aqueous solution of potassium sulfate. Oxygen produced at the anode is trapped while the hydrogen produced at the cathode are allowed to escape freely. With three weighing with an analytical balance in vacuum, the ratio of O/H could be determined with a high degree of accuracy. The mass-energy equivalence principle accepted in present day physics may be said to be the foundational assumption in present day physics. If it fails, then current high energy physics would collapse. This includes the Standard Model of particle physics widely promulgated by CERN and much of all modern physics. The irony is that mass-energy equivalence and the equation E=mc2 have never been experimentally verified. This has been explained in detail in the author’s other paper.
Category: Classical Physics

Is the Local Energy Conservation Law Valid Inside the Electronic Device of Charged Capacitors?

Authors: Eue-Jin Jeong
Comments: 14 Pages. Tesla's Radiant Energy Device, Thomas Henry Moray Device, Stanley Meyer Water Cell

The energy conservation is one of the most fundamental and well established principles in physics. Emmy Noether extended the energy conservation principle to the quantum field theoretical domain in empty space by relating the time translation invariance of the universe with energy conservation. While this is the case in open empty space, it seems that the local space enclosed by conducting metallic plates has unexpected property suggesting that the energy conservation principle does not necessarily apply to localized bound system of capacitors in electrodynamics. This point of view was raised by noticing the fact that the spherical capacitor has calculable electrostatic self-potential energy in both the inner and outer shells respectively which was not taken into account in the conventional consideration of the total energy stored in the capacitors. It seems like the concept of moving charges one by one into the capacitor plates has blindsided the investigators to bypass the necessary steps to account for the additional repulsive self-potential energy that accumulates simultaneously in both of the capacitor plates in the process of charging the capacitor. The investigation shows that the repulsive self-potential energies from both of the capacitor plates have indeed been omitted in the conventional calculation of the stored energy in the capacitors. We present the dynamics of the stored potential energy in capacitors and discuss its physical consequences in relation to the anomalous energy devices reported in the past.
Category: Classical Physics

Классический электрон (Classical Electron)

Authors: Sergey Y. Kotkovsky
Comments: Pages. Change in Author, Title and Abstract to correspond Russian language of the article.

Классический электрон представляет собой электрический заряд и магнитный момент, совмещённые в одной точке. Поле электрона есть линейная сумма полей этих двух сингулярностей – центрального и осецентричного типов. Нерешённой проблемой классики остаётся отсутствие видимой связи между этими двумя характеристиками одной и той же частицы. В настоящей работе мы рассматриваем поле движущегося с некоторой постоянной скоростью электрона. Нас интересует главным образом, как выглядят потоки энергии и импульса этого поля, определяемые вектором Умова-Пойнтинга и соответствующей плотностью энергии поля. В работе выявлено, что связь заряда и магнитного момента движущегося электрона проявляется в эффекте возникновения спиральных энергопотоков полного поля этой частицы.

Classical electron represents itself an electric charge and magnetic moment, combined together in the same point. The field of electron is a linear sum of the fields of these two singularities - central and axis-central types. Unsolved problem of classics is an absence of visible relation between these two characteristics of the same particle. In this paper we investigate the field of an electron moving with constant velocity. Mainly we are interested to see the picture of field energy and momentum flux defined by Umov-Poynting vector and field energy density. We found out that relation between charge and magnetic moment of electron manifests in emergence of spiral fluxes of energy of full field of this particle.
Category: Classical Physics

Unbalanced Gravitational Fields

Authors: L. Diluciano
Comments: 17 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form]

The following is a presentation of an abstract concept using only elementary physics. By comparing properties of gravitational fall and mechanical forces, an intuitive and symmetrical interplay of fall and charged forces can be demonstrated when gravitational fall can be split into its directional components.
Category: Classical Physics

Ehd and Electrostatic Propulsion Device Mounted with High Voltage Generator

Authors: Taku Saiki
Comments: 6 Pages.

Electro hydro dynamic (EHD) and electrostatic propulsion devices has no moving parts and, in the air, operates on electrical energy. It is expected to develop electric propulsion systems without future moving parts of airplanes and helicopters propellers in the future. One of the issues is below. The size and weight must be reduced to realize the drone because a high voltage generator with large weight is currently used at the experiments. In this time, the Tesla coil with a MHz high-frequency output was used. We had succeeded in reducing the size and weight of the high-voltage generator.
Category: Classical Physics

Conservation of Energy and Particle Moving Towards a Mass

Authors: Karl De Paepe
Comments: 3 Pages.

We consider a zero rest mass classical particle moving from infinity towards a point mass along a fixed line containing the mass. We show gravitation with only constants $c$ and $G$ with dimension does not satisfy conservation of energy.
Category: Classical Physics

The Electromagnetic Field Outside the Steadily Rotating Relativistic Uniform System

Authors: Sergey G. Fedosin
Comments: 71 Pages. Jordan Journal of Physics. Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 379-408 (2021). https://doi.org/10.47011/14.5.1.

Using the method of retarded potentials approximate formulas are obtained that describe the electromagnetic field outside the relativistic uniform system in the form of a charged sphere rotating at a constant speed. For the near, middle and far zones the corresponding expressions are found for the scalar and vector potentials, as well as for the electric and magnetic fields. Then these expressions are assessed for correspondence to the Laplace equations for potentials and fields. One of the purposes is to test the truth of the assumption that the scalar potential and the electric field depend neither on the value of the angular velocity of rotation of the sphere nor on the direction to the point where the field is measured. However, calculations show that potentials and fields increase as the observation point gets closer to the sphere’s equator and to the sphere’s surface, compared with the case for a stationary sphere. In this case, additions are proportional to the square of the angular velocity of rotation, the square of the sphere’s radius and inversely proportional to the square of the speed of light. The largest found relative increase in potentials and fields could reach the value of 4% for the rapidly rotating neutron star PSR J1614-2230, if the star were charged. For a proton, a similar increase in fields on its surface near the equator reaches 54%.
Category: Classical Physics