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| viXra.org > High Energy Particle Physics > 2302 |
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[11] viXra:2302.0144 [pdf] submitted on 2023-02-28 01:48:09
Authors: Jau Tang, Brian E. Tang, Qiang Tang
Comments: 23 Pages.
This work presents a model to treat the relativistic quantum dynamics of massless and massive particles in a 2D Minkowski spacetime. Using a set of three independent 2x2 real-value matrices to represent a time-shift operator E, a space-shift operator P, and a mass operator M, we derive operator equations for massless particles which can be classified into two types of topological preons, the symmetric type-I with commutative E and P, representing a bosonic preon, and anti-symmetric type-II with {E,P}=0, representing the fermionic preon. We illustrate their topological differences and show that the wave of the fermionic preon exhibits a twist during propagation like a Möbius strip. In contrast, the type-I bosonic preon behaves like a simple loop strip without a twist. The massless bosonic preon in our model resembles a 2D photon or a Higgs boson before symmetry-breaking, while the fermionic preon resembles a massless 2D Majorana particle. Unlike conventional string theories involving 1D strings, in this work, we use a Möbius strip and a simple loop in 2D, representing fermionic and bosonic preons, respectively. The extension of this model to 4D spacetime as potential building blocks to construct elementary particles deserves further studies.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[10] viXra:2302.0135 [pdf] submitted on 2023-02-26 01:26:34
Authors: J. W. A. Zwart
Comments: 7 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin - Please conform!)
A provisional proof of the existence of pseudo vector symmetry as mediating medium of dark matter, pseudo e-neutrinos, by scaling Planck’s parameters to the giant group symmetries of Monster, Baby Monster and Fischer 24.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[9] viXra:2302.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2023-02-22 04:44:49
Authors: Wei Lu
Comments: 59 Pages.
Is there more to Dirac's gamma matrices than meets the eye? It turns out that the gamma zero operator can be split into three components. This revelation facilitates the expansion of Dirac's space-time algebra to Clifford algebra Cl(0,6). The resultant rich geometric structure can be leveraged to establish a combined framework of gravity and beyond the standard model, wherein a gravi-weak interaction between the vierbein field and the extended weak gauge field is allowed. Inspired by the composite Higgs model, we examine the vierbein field as an effective description of the fermion-antifermion condensation. The compositeness of space-time manifests itself at an energy scale which is different from the Planck scale. We propose that the regular Lagrangian terms including the cosmological constant are of quantum condensation origin, thus possibly addressing the naturalness problem. The Clifford algebra approach also permits a weaker form of charge conjugation without particle-antiparticle interchange, which leads to a Majorana-type mass that conserves lepton number. Additionally, in the context of spontaneous breaking of two global U(1) symmetries, we explore a three-Higgs-doublet model which could explain the fermion mass hierarchies.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[8] viXra:2302.0105 [pdf] submitted on 2023-02-22 01:55:49
Authors: D. G. Grossman
Comments: 3 Pages.
The mass of the proton is known to about 9 digits of accuracy, whereas the radius of the proton is only known to about 3 digits of accuracy. The theoretical model presented here, derives the proton’s radius from its mass, thus giving a radius value equal in accuracy to that of the mass measurement used for the calculation. As a check on the validity of the theory behind the calculation, results are compared to the 2018 CODATA proton radius value and are found to be well within the error limits of that value. So, it’s possible that the theoretical value of the proton’s radius presented in this paper is its actual radius to 9 digits of accuracy.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[7] viXra:2302.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2023-02-20 12:01:50
Authors: Tai-Choon Yoon
Comments: 5 Pages.
The universe is indeed composed of energy and matter. Matter can be measured by weight. Energy can be measured in terms of temperature. The higher the density, the higher the temperature, and the lower the density, the lower the temperature. If our universe started from a small point with a very high temperature and reached today, as the universe expands, the density of energy decreases, so the temperature lowers, too. When the temperature lowers, some of the energy causes a phase change into matter, and vice versa. When matter is created, an interaction takes place. At $10^{13}K$, imps (invisible material particles, aka dark matter) are created and a gravitational field is formed as a result of emitting graviton acting on it, which gain masses. Down quarks and up quarks interact with their own intrinsic properties. This interaction is called the quark interaction. When two down quarks and one up quark meet with an imp to create a neutron, the force resulting from the quark interaction is confined inside the neutron.The quark interaction confines the strong force when quarks form a neutron, and mediates the electromagnetic field and electromagnetic force when a neutron transforms to a proton, and binds the nucleons to form heavier particles by strong nuclear interaction.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[6] viXra:2302.0083 [pdf] submitted on 2023-02-17 13:33:18
Authors: Bernd Aschenbach
Comments: 9 Pages.
A model for calculating the mass of a particle is presented which has the same mass as the Higgs particle. The model is based on the ratio of Newton´s and Coulomb´s laws. The model is used to calculate the charge radius of the proton, the neutron decay times(s), the magnetic moment of the neutron as well as the anomalous magnetic moment of the proton and the electron. Some of the results are obtained from analysis of the multiple resonances of coordinate or epicylic oscillations, respectively, occuring at extreme values of the Kerr spin parameter and the Aschenbach effect.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[5] viXra:2302.0082 [pdf] submitted on 2023-02-17 16:21:39
Authors: Donald Bowen
Comments: 11 Pages.
The Charged Electromagnetic Wave Loop (CEWL) model is a novel model of the Electron (developed by this author in 2013), which exactly matches all known values of the electron, including energy, de Broglie frequency, charge, mass, and magnetic moment. The model also later explained the mystery of why the Electron’s G factor is 2 rather than one (½ spin) [1] In this paper, further validation of the CEWL Model is explored in two different ways. One method of validation involves using the author’s new insight that since the model represents an electromagnet oscillation with zero internal resistance, the capacitive and inductive reactance must match each other, and also match the reactive impedance of free space, leading to a unique value for the Electron’s capacitance as well as its’ inductance (3.41912126348 x 10-24 Farads and 4.85262 x 10-19 Henries). The Capacitance value can then be used to estimate the probable maximum Width of the charged area relative to Diameter of the electron (~0.53%), which validates that the model produces reasonable values that don’t conflict with the known anomalous magnetic moment. A second validation may stem from the author’s new insight that the loop characteristics of the CEWL Model, in which the loop circumference exactly matches the wavelength of a (virtual) photon equal to the Electron’s energy, is analogous to the characteristics of a high Q (resonant) loop antennae in which the circumference must also exactly match the wavelength in order to achieve high Q resonance, which leads to a new prediction that the virtual photons of leptons will be generated in the same directions as high Q antennas i.e. in the North and South magnetic directions generated by the CEWL loop (loop antennas without these characteristics have different radiation/absorption patterns). This new insight about probable directionality might guide future research into how and where Neutrinos and virtual photons form near the Electron, Muon, and Tau Leptons.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[4] viXra:2302.0048 [pdf] replaced on 2023-02-20 13:55:38
Authors: Gang Chen, Tianman Chen, Tianyi Chen
Comments: 23 Pages. 9 Figures.
Elementary particles can be classified according to their spin quantum numbers and electric charges. As the three features of elementary particles are spin, electric charge and mass, they could also be classified according to their masses. Our work hypothesized a model for the masses of elementary particles, in which a formula for the mass of an elementary particle in a set of modified atomic units (called Hartree-Chen atomic units) consists of a Time Factor (TF) times a Space Factor (SF) along with at least one Sub-space Factor (SSF) in the format of mP/au=[TF(SF±Σ1/SSF)]2, -2. It seems that elementary particles should have two genders, i.e., Yang and Yin according to the ± symbols before 1/SSF-1st, and the Yang/Yin ratio of all quarks and leptons is 1/2. With the model, all masses of elementary particles (including neutrinos and the particle of dark matter) in Hartree-Chen atomic units were calculated, the mystery of three generations of quarks and leptons could be explained, the matter-antimatter asymmetry problem of the universe could be solved, and the composition of the universe could be interpreted. In the end, a picture and a table of mass model of elementary particles are presented.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[3] viXra:2302.0043 [pdf] submitted on 2023-02-10 02:08:30
Authors: Didier François Viel
Comments: 4 Pages.
The electric charges of the proton and the neutron, constituents of atoms nuclei, are explained in quantum mechanics in the so called "standard model" and this explanation is rather strange, with a combination of "quarks" having charges which are not an integer, and can change from one to another during radioactive transformation. It is a fact that quarks are deduced from experimental data, like scattering of a proton by high energy electrons, but they can’t be observed as a free object: "Basically, you can't see an isolated quark because the color force does not let them go, and the energy required to separate them produces quark-antiquark pairs long before they are far enough apart to observe separately"! In this paper, we will construct a model for the electric charges of proton and neutron with the presence of "electron-positron pair" inside the components of an atom nuclei, neutron and proton. In modern physics, whereas the existence of "electron-positron pair" is known since the sixties, still few scientists have explored the potential of such an existence. There were however attempts to explain some situations in quantum mechanics, and to describe the vacuum (ether) as a sea of "electron-positron pairs". We will present and validate this model with all the disintegration phenomenon observed, and even the disintegration of a proton inside an atom, which is not totally explained in the "standard model".
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[2] viXra:2302.0035 [pdf] submitted on 2023-02-09 01:30:34
Authors: Vasily Brusko
Comments: 18 Pages. In Russian and English
This article contains the results of work on the development of the brilliant idea of James Clerk Maxwell that elementary particles are vortices of material substance that fills our entire Universe. He considered the main problem of this idea to be the impossibility of keeping the vortices from disintegrating into a chaotic (thermal) motion of the particles of the medium. It was possible to develop a model in which certain simple processes constantly carried out in a liquid make it possible to keep vortices in this liquid indefinitely. Model studies have shown that the processes that allow keeping vortices in liquids endow these vortices with all analogues of the fundamental physical properties that real elementary particles have. The developed model clearly explains: what is the spin of a particle, what is the rest energy of a particle, how particles create fields, how forces arise and what connects all fundamental interactions (forces) with each other, why a particle behaves like a wave, why a liquid in which and there are vortices-particles perceived by them as "emptiness" and much more. In addition, the model has a speed limit similar to the speed of light and analogs of space and time. The model can be tested experimentally. Methods for experimental verification of the model are proposed.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[1] viXra:2302.0022 [pdf] submitted on 2023-02-07 01:49:28
Authors: Pastushenko Vladimir Alexandrovich
Comments: 12 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin - Please conform!)
Calculated parameters and characteristics of objects of the Universe are presented in dynamic space-matter. A model of an intergalactic apparatus is presented.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
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