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| viXra.org > High Energy Particle Physics > 2303 |
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[8] viXra:2303.0163 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-30 00:53:24
Authors: Claude Michael Cassano
Comments: 12 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin - Please conform!)
Quantum field theory flows from the Helmholtzian factorization approach, including the weak interaction. The Helmholtzian factorization approach (including the Covariant) yields unification and more without tricks or obfuscations. The Helmholtzian factorization approach is superior to the gauge theory/combined symmetry group/symmetry breaking/Higgs mechanism patchwork quilt approach (which doesn't even include gravitation).
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[7] viXra:2303.0139 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-24 03:27:48
Authors: xIa Cao
Comments: 5 Pages. (Correction made by viXra Admin to conform with scholarly norm)
Can you imagine that two small stones can collide to generate electricity and light up a small lamp? Can you imagine that knocking on the door with your hand can power the LED board and illuminate the book? Can you imagine that the 28-watt fluorescent tube lamp can be lit up when you walk with it in your hand[? It turns out that generating electricity is simple. The energy generated by gently rubbing the plastic plate can light up at least a one-watt bulb, and even charge the mobile phone. The simple generator is made into a cylindrical type, which can efficiently collect wind energy under low wind speeds and easily light up ten one-watt bulbs.We know that the motion of objects in the universe is eternal. As long as there is motion, there will be interactions. I have found that electromagnetic energy will be generated when matter collides with each other，including macroscopic objects collisions and microscopic particles collisions. Thus I put forward "the Collision Electro-Magnetic Theory" . In addition, base on these discoveries, I found that rotating a closed circuit coil in a changing electric or electrostatic field could also generate an induced current and induced electromotive force in the coil. Which I call it Electra-electric induction (EEI). Both Maxwell displacement current and the electra-electric induced current we found are generated by the changing electric field. They are two forms of changing electric field. One existed in space. The other existed and flow in the conductor. The Maxwell displacement current is collected by the coil and flows, that is induced current.All these findings will be of great significance both in theory and in applications. Just like the invention of electromagnetic induction by Faraday in 1831, it is a milestone progression.Professor Xia CAO has made a series of discoveries that have gone entirely from 0 to 1, overturning traditional perceptions. Just like opening a door, it will have an immeasurable impact on physics, astronomy, new energy, nuclear energy, military and other fields. It will drive revolutionary anddisruptive progress in related industries and the global economy.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[6] viXra:2303.0124 [pdf] replaced on 2023-03-22 12:43:16
Authors: V.G. Bondarev, L.V. Migal
Comments: 19 Pages.
Based on the previously presented model of space-time, the structural features of elementary particles formation are considered. The paper investigates the model of elementary particles formation composed of such fundamental particles as loveton, electron, neutrino, and their an-tiparticles. In this paper, a set of basic particles is selected from among the simplest composite elementary particles, followed by a consideration of the ways of their decay, allowing the es-timation of the masses and binding energies of fundamental particles. Formulas to calculate the masses of elementary particles have been obtained, and, based on the proposed algorithm and the developed program, mass spectra of both hadrons and leptons have been calculated. Struc-tures of the τ-lepton and proton have been determined, and a possible reason for proton stabil-ity has been revealed. The difference between hadrons and leptons, mesons and baryons is ex-plained. Comparison of the calculated data on the masses of elementary particles obtained ex-perimentally showed good agreement with the available empirical data. This fact confirms the validity of the procedure for the formation of composite particles based on the construction of mass formulas for their decay and shows the high efficiency of the proposed approach. Com-parison of hadrons and leptons allowed us to propose a hypothesis about the possible nature of the strong interaction by considering electron-positron pairs as electric dipoles.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[5] viXra:2303.0075 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-11 16:44:15
Authors: Jau Tang, Brian E. Tang, Qiang Tang
Comments: 21 Pages. This work provides deep insights into the physical properties of 2D spacetime and the topological structures of two types of the most fundamental massless fermionic Möbius -strip particles and bosonic close-loop particles as a building block for 4D partic
In this work, we present a model to treat the relativistic quantum dynamics of massless and massive particles in a 2D Minkowski spacetime. Using a set of three independent 2x2 real-value matrices to represent a time-shift operator ��, a space-shift operator ��, and a mass operator ��, we derive operator equations for massless particles which can be classified into two types of topological structures: the symmetric type-I with commutative �� and ��, representing a boson, and anti-symmetric type-II with {��,��} = 0, representing the fermion. We illustrate their topological differences and show that the fermion wave exhibits a twist during propagation like a Möbius strip. In contrast, the type-I boson behaves like a simple loop strip without a twist. The massless boson in our model resembles a 2D photon or a Higgs boson before symmetry breaking, while the fermion resembles a massless 2D Majorana particle. Unlike conventional string theories, we use a Möbius strip and a simple loop as the most fundamental topological structures of the quantum field excitations in 2D spacetime, representing fermionic and bosons. As an alternative to the string and loop quantum gravity theories, our approach could potentially serve as potential building blocks to construct elementary particles in the Standard Model, meriting an investigation into their topological properties in 4D spacetime.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[4] viXra:2303.0061 [pdf] replaced on 2023-04-25 13:27:45
Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 9 Pages. Published in peer-reviewed Journal of Modern and Applied Physics
Here we show that the kurtosis multiplied by the squared standard deviation for net-proton distributions in nuclear collisions validate the nuclear-plasma structure described in the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST). We also described the SST nuclear phase diagram.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[3] viXra:2303.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-08 19:04:28
Authors: Felix Lev
Comments: 20 Pages. 2 figures. Published in "Proceedings to the 25th Workshop What Comes Beyond the Standard Models, Bled, July 4-10, 2022", pp. 146-161.: http://bsm.fmf.uni-lj.si/bled2022bsm/talks/BledProceedings2022_Acceptable_06_12.pdf
The title of this workshop is: "What comes beyond standard models?". Standard models are based on standard Poincare invariant quantum theory (SQT). Here irreducible representations (IRs) of the Poincare algebra are such that in each IR, the energies are either >=0 or <=0. In the first case, IRs are associated with particles and in the second case - with antiparticles, while particles for which all additive quantum numbers (electric charge, baryon and lepton quantum numbers) equal zero are called neutral. However, SQT is a special degenerate case of finite quantum theory (FQT) in the formal limit p→∞ where p is a characteristic of a ring in FQT. In FQT, one IR of the symmetry algebra describes a particle and its antiparticle simultaneously, and there are no conservation laws of additive quantum numbers. One IR in FQT splits into two standard IRs with positive and negative energies as a result of symmetry breaking in the formal limit p→∞. The construction of FQT is one of the most fundamental (if not the most fundamental) problems of particle theory.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[2] viXra:2303.0050 [pdf] replaced on 2023-09-11 11:58:26
Authors: Deokjin Kim
Comments: 7 Pages.
There is a list of unsolved problems in physics on Internet Wikipedia. In this paper, sixty unsolved problems were calculated or explained through simple mathematics. The main results are as follows. (1) Generations of matter: Fourth generation particle does not exist. (2) Extra dimensions: The space of the universe has six dimensions. (3) Neutrino mass: The mass of electron neutrino is calculated to be 0.15 eV. (4) Neutrino oscillation: The 0.15 eV oscillates to 187.5 keV and 13.61 MeV. (6) Arrow of time: Our universe is 3D, and the quantization proceeds from 4D to 2D direction. (11) Dark matter: Something grows our universe by quantizing 4D space into 3D. (16) Origin of mass of most elementary particles: Extremely compressed three generation quantum spaces give mass to three generation particles. (24) Hierarchy problem: Elliptic equation must have a largest value and a smallest value. (28) Cosmological constant problem: The 10^120 is the ratio of 0D and 3D neutrino masses. (33) Supersymmetry: Elliptic equation is up & down symmetry and left & right symmetry. (38) Quantum gravity: Gravity is the Planck force of strong, electromagnetic, and weak forces. (40) Dark energy: There is a dark force greater than strong force. (41) Quantum chromodynamics: The mass of strong force is 42.15 keV, which is the root of tau mass 1776.86 MeV. (44) Hubble tension: CMB's 67.66 km/s/Mpc and Redshift's 73 km/s/Mpc are both right answers. (59) Fine-tuned universe: All universes change according to logarithmic elliptic equation, and all forces follow logarithmic parabolic equation. (60) Theory of everything: Since quantum space has a logarithmic characteristic, quantum particle must be calculated as logarithmic value.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[1] viXra:2303.0027 [pdf] replaced on 2024-11-29 15:33:57
Authors: Bodo Lampe
Comments: 54 Pages.
Quark and lepton masses and mixings are considered in the framework of the microscopic model. The most general ansatz for the interactions among tetrons leads to a Hamiltonian $H_T$ involving Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM), Heisenberg and torsional isospin forces. Diagonalization of the Hamiltonian provides for 24 eigenvalues which are identified as the quark and lepton masses. While the masses of the third and second family arise from DM and Heisenberg type of isospin interactions, light family masses are related to torsional interactions among tetrons. Neutrino masses turn out to be special in that they are given in terms of tiny isospin non-conserving DM, Heisenberg and torsional couplings. The approach not only leads to masses, but also allows to calculate the quark and lepton eigenstates, an issue, which is important for the determination of the CKM and PMNS mixing matrices. Compact expressions for the eigenfunctions of $H_T$ are given. The almost exact isospin conservation of the system dictates the form of the lepton states and makes them independent of all the couplings in $H_T$. Much in contrast, there is a strong dependence of the quark states on the coupling strengths, and a promising hierarchy between the quark family mixings shows up.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
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