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[7] viXra:2310.0087 [pdf] submitted on 2023-10-18 15:06:22
Authors: Rami Rom
Comments: 9 Pages.
We propose that QCD tetrahedrons mediate the strong force between hadrons in the nucleus by enabling double quark exchange reaction between protons and neutrons splitting the pionic deuterium ground state energy level to a doublet. The QCD tetrahedron generates with the deuterium a transition state complex that further performs quark exchange reactions with the charged pion that shifts and broadens the pionic deuterium ground state energy. The proposed charged pion exchange reactions generate a negatively charged cloud at the deuterium nucleus vicinity that reduces the effective charge of the proton. The proposed pion exchange reaction is an alternative mechanism to pion absorption and production at low energies by the nucleus.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[6] viXra:2310.0069 [pdf] submitted on 2023-10-14 20:33:57
Authors: En Okada
Comments: 12 Pages.
The entity of time and energy have successfully evaded any concrete definition or elucidation for a disproportionately long period despite their pivotal importance in physics. In this paper, we present a novel theoretical scheme in which not only time and energy but all perceivable physical realities can be concretely defined by the degree of asymmetry in a binary digital field. It is made up of spatial quanta with Planck scale properties, and the field has an intrinsic potential to break its symmetry in a totally spontaneous and stochastic manner. The scheme vividly explains the origin of the mass of most of the elementary particles only with fundamental physical constants plus some numbers with universal meaning such as the fractional powers of pi, instead of any artificial parameters. Though it is still in a hatching stage like the old quantum theory, as this paper shows in detail, its capability to provide clear physical images as for why particular Lie groups could rightly describe their corresponding forces is a promising sign that this paradigm shall serve as a powerful guide toward the super-unification of all the fundamental interactions.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[5] viXra:2310.0051 [pdf] submitted on 2023-10-10 09:44:29
Authors: Yefim Bakman
Comments: 10 Pages.
According to general relativity, the cause of the light deflection near the Sun is a geometric distortion of spacetime, regardless of the photon structure. Because Einstein had no photon model at his disposal, he used mathematical techniques. In his theory, Einstein did not explain the physical mechanism through which mass produces the spacetime curvature. However, a new paradigm has provided a photon model that can reveal the mechanism of photon deflection in a gravitational field, i.e., in Tesla's inhomogeneous primary substance.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[4] viXra:2310.0033 [pdf] replaced on 2024-01-16 01:02:37
Authors: Ichiro Nakayama
Comments: 145 Pages.
I searched for the root of phenomenon and discovered that the origin of the universe is a simple structure. In other words, it was found that space is made up of infinitesimal grains, and they are in such a relationship that when one contracts, the other expands. The contraction and expansion of these grains form elementary particles, which are substances. It also forms gravitational fields and dark energy fields as spatial distortions. This discovery follows the law of conservation of energy and complies with the theory of relativity. And the universe circulation system can be predicted.The gravitational field is a positive energy field in which grains in the space around a star contract and form layers arranged in a spherical shape. The dark energy field is a negative energy field in which grains of space expand and form layers arranged in a spherical shape from the edge of the universe. An elementary particle is an excited state of space in which the expansion and contraction of grains in space rotate while shifting the phase. The center part represents character of a particle, and the foot part represents a character of field.Matter moves as it is dragged along by kinetic energy, which is waves generated in space. The kinetic energy of an electron separates from the electron and becomes a photon.Dark matter is a gravitational field. The dark energy field also explains the isotropic acceleration of galaxies moving away from each other and the existence of the cosmic background radiation. Also, contrary to the Big Bang theory, the universe circulation system predicts the existence of older, more mature galaxies the farther out into space.I found the following about elementary particles. 1. 1. The speed of a photon is different from the speed of light 2. The reason for the principle of constant speed of light, 3. Coulomb's constant, the speed of light, and Planck's constant are the same thing 4. The field is the foot of a particle. 5. The reason why an electrical field and a magnetic field are at right angle each other. 6. The reason why an electron and a proton have the same charge. 7. A magnetic field is created around electric current. 8. The appearance of electrical current and the way how electrical energy is transported, 10. Antiparticles are particles that move in the opposite direction of the particles, etc.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[3] viXra:2310.0027 [pdf] submitted on 2023-10-05 20:39:48
Authors: S. A. Larin
Comments: 9 Pages.
We suggest a new solution to the strong CP problem. The solution is based on the proper use of the boumdary conditions for the QCD generatimg functional integral. It obeys the principle of renormalizability of Quantum Field Theory and does not involve new particles like axions.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[2] viXra:2310.0026 [pdf] replaced on 2023-10-23 19:39:36
Authors: Deokjin Kim
Comments: 7 Pages.
In previous study, the masses of six dimensional neutrinos were calculated and the ratio of the 0D mass to the 3D mass was shown to be cosmological constant problem 1E-121.54. In this study, four values were additionally found. (1) The neutrino root ratio of the 3D mass to the 2D mass is 2.99789E8, and the error is 0.001% of light speed 2.99792E8 m/s. (2) The neutrino root ratio of the 5D mass to the 6D mass is 88.163%, and the error is 0.02% of the ratio 88.145% of W 80.377 GeV and Z 91.1876 GeV. (3) The neutrino root ratio of the 0D mass to the 1D mass is 5.9065E-39, and the error is 0.01% of gravitational coupling constant 5.90595E-39. (4) From 2D gravino mass 2.2504E-50 eV/c2 that is photon, 6.5836E-16 eV·s is calculated, and the error is 0.023% of Dirac constant 6.5821E-16 eV·s. It was once again confirmed that the origin of all things is neutrinos and gravinos.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[1] viXra:2310.0023 [pdf] replaced on 2024-03-07 23:32:03
Authors: Felix M. Lev
Comments: 44 Pages. Published in Axioms, vol. 13, No. 3, 138 (2024) https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1680/13/3/138
We solve the particle-antiparticle and cosmological constant problems proceeding from quantum theory, which postulates that: various states of the system under consideration are elements of a Hilbert space$cal{H}$ with a positive definite metric; each physical quantity is defined by a self-adjoint operator in $cal{H}$;symmetry at the quantum level is defined by a representation of a real Lie algebra $A$ in $cal{H}$ such that the representation operator of any basis element of $A$ is self-adjoint. These conditions guarantee the probabilistic interpretation of quantum theory. We explain that in the approaches to solving these problems that are described in the literature, not all of these conditions have been met. We argue that fundamental objects in particle theory are not elementary particles and antiparticles but objects described by irreducible representations (IRs) of the de Sitter (dS) algebra.One might ask why, then, experimental data give the impression that particles and antiparticles are fundamental and there are conserved additive quantum numbers (electric charge, baryon quantum number and others). The matter is that, at the present stage of the universe, the contraction parameter $R$ from the dS to the Poincare algebra is very large and, in the formal limit $Rtoinfty$, one IR of the dS algebra splits into two IRs of the Poincare algebra corresponding to a particle and its antiparticle with the same masses. The problem why the quantities $(c,hbar,R)$ are as are does not arise because they are contraction parameters for transitions from more general Lie algebras to less general ones. Then the baryon asymmetry of the universe problem does not arise. At the present stage of the universe, the phenomenon of cosmological acceleration (PCA) is described without uncertainties as an inevitable {it kinematical} consequence of quantum theory in semiclassical approximation. In particular, it is not necessary to involve dark energy the physical meaning of which is a mystery. In our approach, background space and its geometry are not used and $R$ has nothing to do with the radius of dS space. In semiclassical approximation, the results for PCA are the same as in General Relativity if $Lambda=3/R^2$, i.e., $Lambda>0$ and there isno freedom in choosing the value of $Lambda$.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
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