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[7] viXra:2501.0162 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-29 03:18:50
Authors: Deokjin Kim
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Further repetition will not be accepted)
In cosmic rays, the GZK cutoff is suggested to be between 50 EeV and 60 EeV, with observationally 57 EeV (HiRes, Pierre Auger Observatory) and theoretically and observationally 56 EeV being suggested as the representative value. In previous study, it was drawn that up, charm, and top quarks consist of inner boson particles located on 10D, 11D, and 12D and shell fermion particles located on 4D, 5D, and 6D, and their masses were calculated in detail. After plotting the log values of the calculated masses on 10D, 11D, and 12D and drawing its parabola, the masses on 3D are calculated to be 50.60 EeV in kinet-ic state, 60.82 EeV in steady state, and 56.94 EeV in combined state, which are consistent with the results of GZK cutoff. The above calculation is the property of space itself, which has nothing to do with supernova explosion, black hole jet, etc. In previous study, we argued that hydrogen is continuously generated in space. The above result implies that ultra-high-energy cosmic rays are the particles that suddenly appear at a cosmic void of 3D space from high dimensions.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[6] viXra:2501.0145 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-28 00:42:40
Authors: Miroslav Pardy
Comments: 17 Pages. Original article
The scattering process in the framework of the source theory is considered as the synergism of the elastic and the inelastic process. In this approach the infrared divergences never occur. The resulting dierential cross section appears as a factor multiplying the lowest-order (Born) differential cross section plus a contribution referring to the magnetic form factor.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[5] viXra:2501.0143 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-27 22:03:27
Authors: Peter Cameron
Comments: Pages.
Many years ago Pierre Ramond suggested using the electromagnetic impedance model to calculate neutrino PMNS and quark CKM mixing matrices. Given the long-dreaded desert at the LHC (one Higgs and no SUSY), motivated in no small part by Carlo Rubbia's call for courage, and with neutrino oscillation in the foreground for both experimentalists and theorists, neutrinos took precedence over quarks in following Pierre's guidance. That focus led to conjecture on the role of neutrinos in low energy muon lifetime enhancement, complementary to high energy relativistic time dilation of the Muon Collider proposal. Serendipity recently offered a hand up, when it was realized that precise amplitudes emerging from the quantum impedance network PMNS calculations appear to be not of neutrinos, but rather the closely related quark mixing. What follows presents details of the quark mixing matrix calculation, and outlines an earlier similar QED calculation of π0, η, and ηu2032 branching ratios.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[4] viXra:2501.0092 [pdf] replaced on 2025-03-17 02:10:22
Authors: Radomir Majkic
Comments: 20 Pages.
Among all unanswered questions in Physics, like quantization of the gravity, fields unification, and so on, the question of the particle masscreation and its mass quantization deserve special attention. This paper is about the evolution of the physical particle-supported by the electro and gravity forces. Unexpectedly, electric charge and gravity unify into electro-gravity interaction in the presence of the Planck masses on a very fundamental level,making the electric charge, gravity, and mass inseparable entities. Moreover, electro-gravity necessarily polarises the Planck masses. Particles are created from the vacuum. The principle of the minimum of the static action creation introduces the evolution time derivative, which further defines the particle tangent space and its evolution kinetic energy. The particle self-interaction energy is its electro and gravity interaction energy. All of this is necessary and sufficient to write the first-order, nonlinear particle evolution equations for its electro and gravity interactions and the mass state variables. The article contributes to the particle polarization classification, the two-dimensional particle internal geometry, and its internal space and time. In addition, it contributes to the implicit mass solutions for some particular interaction cases, and describes the character of the particle development in the general case.And finally, the article predicts the universal mass unit $ Um = mathbf{0.565}, big[textrm{meV}cc^{-2}big],$consistent with mass $m_{u_{e}}=1.17,meV,$ of the lightest, the electron neutrino.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[3] viXra:2501.0086 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-14 13:22:44
Authors: Ichiro Nakayama
Comments: 14 Pages.
The fine-structure constant is generally considered to be a coupling constant that represents the strength of the electromagnetic interaction of elementary particles, but its origin is unknown. Using the electron and proton model of the Energy Body Theory, I clarified the origin of the fine-structure constant from the relationship between Coulomb's law and Planck's constant. This equation expressing the origin of the fine structure constant further led to the Rydberg constant.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[2] viXra:2501.0084 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-13 14:20:04
Authors: Ichiro Nakayama
Comments: 5 Pages.
I discovered that the distortion of an electron foot and the distortion of a photon foot (a reflection of the electron's shape) are the principle of the constancy of the speed of light itself. The distortion of the photon foot, which grows in proportion to the speed of a photon, has a structure that inherently changes the way time progresses. It is believed that this is why Maxwell's equations are universal under Lorentz transformations.Because Maxwell's equations are invariant under Lorentz transformations, changes in electric and magnetic fields are explained as effects of special relativity. However, when special relativity is applied to electromagnetic phenomena, paradoxes sometimes appear. For example, an electric charge that is stationary in a stationary system appears to be moving when viewed from an inertial system. This causes an electric current to flow and generates a magnetic field, but in reality, this phenomenon does not occur. Also, even though electrons move at a snail's speed when a current is flowing, a magnetic field is generated.This paradoxical example can be explained without contradiction by the Lorentz transformation. However, the paradox does not disappear. The key to solving this mystery lies in the distortion of the foot of an electron and the distortion of the foot of a photon, which reflects the electron’s appearance.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[1] viXra:2501.0052 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-09 09:48:13
Authors: Rami Rom
Comments: 43 Pages.
Similar to Harari’s Rishon particles model that described all leptonic and baryonic matter composed of four substructure fundamental particles and antiparticles, T ,V ,T ̃ ,V ̃, we propose that the four quarks and antiquarks, u ,d ,u ̃ ,d ̃ are the substructure building blocks of all particles and also the substructure of the vacuum pionic fabric. We develop a classical and quantum hybrid quark molecular dynamics scheme to study the pionic fabric. In free space, the pionic fabric zero-energy unit cell is cubic and includes two flipped pion tetrahedrons. Protons and neutrons contract and curve the pionic fabric cells and we calculate the pionic fabric density as a function of distance from an embedded proton in a pionic fabric cell. Based on the �� decay, we propose that electrons are non-elementary, non-point like particles having a similar substructure to the pionic fabric cell and form together electron clouds. Motion of the electron in the pionic fabric is performed by a u and d quark exchanges via tunneling through a double well potential barrier in the ground state. The rapid quark exchanges transform the electron tetraquarks into pion tetraquarks and vice versa. After the u and d quark exchanges, the zero-energy pionic unit cell contracts by a factor of 5 and the embedded electron pionic cell energy is equal to the electron rest mass of 0.511 MeV. Finally, we propose a new interpretation to QED based on the pionic fabric structure and dynamics. Lattice QCD computations may allow calculating the mass of the pionic fabric unit cell and the embedded electron pionic cell.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
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