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[30] viXra:2101.0185 [pdf] replaced on 2022-01-03 12:28:09
Authors: Andrey N. Smirnov
Comments: 14 Pages.
A hypothesis that the principle of causality is applicable to events in the same inertial frame of reference only has been considered. This means that if two events are causally related in one inertial frame of reference, they may not be causally related in another inertial frame of reference. Moreover, an event that takes place in one inertial frame of reference may not exist in another inertial frame of reference. As a result, informational isolation of inertial frames of reference arises. It has been shown that within the framework of this hypothesis events, from the point of view of observer, are identical in all frames of references, despite existing differences. The special theory of relativity has been obtained as space-time transformations from the viewpoint of observer. The equations of special theory of relativity remain unchanged. A new type of transformations of space-time-fields emerges, complementary to space-time and fields transformations from the viewpoint of observer. The hypothesis may be viewed as a generalization of the special theory of relativity for the case where the principle of causality is applicable to the events considered in the same inertial frame of reference only.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[29] viXra:2101.0184 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-31 12:27:33
Authors: Bezverkhniy Volodymyr Dmytrovych, Bezverkhniy Vitaliy Volodymyrovich.
Comments: 6 Pages.
Space and time form a single 4-dimensional space-time continuum of our Universe, based on this, it can be shown that the speed of a body cannot be greater than the speed of light in a vacuum. Also, taking into account the limit of the speed of light, the removal and acceleration of galaxies in our Universe can be explained using only the law of universal gravitation of I. Newton.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[28] viXra:2101.0183 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-31 13:48:21
Authors: Milan D. Nešić
Comments: 5 Pages.
It is easy to show that Einstein's example of train and lightning is not the explanation of the postulate c=const because it leads to the elementary, formally logical contradiction. It is difficult to explain this experimental fact. The only real explanation is—in accordance with the principle of least action—the c2 inertia with Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. So photon emission and propagation are one event and photon propagation and reception are another. And that explains also the twin paradox, for example, making it meaningless. EPR paradox too. And so on.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[27] viXra:2101.0182 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-31 19:22:38
Authors: George R. Briggs
Comments: 4 Pages.
The Up neutron Quark is in a 2-quarki format to allow its birth in the 2nd cyclic universe in 2-digt form. Wigner, Feynman, heavy neutrino, dark neutrino, cosmophoton, archaic electron, graviton, and 8th quark exists with 8-foid symmetry.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[26] viXra:2101.0180 [pdf] replaced on 2021-02-15 01:09:00
Authors: Henok Tadesse
Comments: 27 Pages.
The small fringe shifts observed in the Michelson-Morley ( MM ) experiments are dismissed by mainstream physicists as experimental artifacts. However, this interpretation is increasingly being challenged. Based on a new insight, simple and modified MM experiments are proposed that should give much larger fringe shifts, typically more than sixty fringe shifts. The mystery to increase the sensitivity of the conventional MM experiment is to slightly adjust the angular positions and the distances of the beam splitter and/or the mirrors so that the angle between the longitudinal light beam and the transverse light beam at the source is as large as possible, say 10-2 radians. This angle is very small in conventional MM experiments, making the experiments insensitive to absolute motion. Conventional theories such as ether theory and special relativity consider a single beam up to the beam splitter. The new theory, called Apparent Source Theory, has the potential to consistently explain many of the previously enigmatic and controversial light speed experiments. However, getting a non-mainstream theory accepted is a major challenge in physics today. The only way to possibly convince the scientific community is to test and confirm a unique prediction of the theory.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[25] viXra:2101.0178 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-30 16:22:24
Authors: Michael John Sarnowski
Comments: 12 Pages.
Spinning Sphere Theory predicts that our universe is a sphere made of spheres. It also predicts that our universe is just part of a multiverse, and our multiverse is part of a grand multiverse. This construction mechanism could go on to infinity on the small side of our reality and the large side of our reality. For instance, our multiverse could have about 10^243 universes, and the grand multiverse could have 10^484 multiverses. At which point a new reality kicks in with the grand multiverse being the building block of another existence. The following paper shows how our existence could be constructed. This theory is taken down to its roots and shows that the universe starts with what could be labeled a quasi-point particle and builds it up to a multiverse and grand multiverse.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[24] viXra:2101.0177 [pdf] replaced on 2021-02-21 19:50:40
Authors: Sangwha Yi
Comments: 7 Pages.
In expanded universe , we found gravity field equation and solution . We found Schwarzschild solution, Kerr-Newman solution in expanded universe. Hence, We found new general relativity theory-Cosmological General Theory of Relativity.(CGTR)
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[23] viXra:2101.0172 [pdf] replaced on 2021-10-28 20:18:44
Authors: Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache, Yunita Umniyati
Comments: 7 Pages. Octogon Mathematical Magazine, Sacele, Romania, Vol. 29, No. 1, 342-347, April 2021
In a recent paper, we review our previous paper where we put forth an argument that from Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rules we can come up with a model of quantized orbits of planets in our solar system, be it for inner planets and also for Jovian planets. Now, considering a well-known problem of asymmetry between matter-antimatter in cosmology studies, we discuss how we can solve this problem by put forth a new conjecture that there are large scale antimatter in the form of negative masses in this Universe, hence avoiding the problem of matter-antimatter asymmetry. Subsequently, we argue that provided that Newton-Schrodinger approach to planetary quantization may be problematic, then perhaps now it is time to consider Dirac-Milne cosmology with its extension to quantum liquid, especially in the context of symmetric cosmology.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[22] viXra:2101.0149 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-23 20:55:09
Authors: Piscedda Giampaolo
Comments: 12 Pages.
Initially, we proceeded by presenting a synthesis of the Foundation of Albert Einstein's 1916 Theory of General Relativity, necessary for the development of a theory in accordance with the Foundation of the Theory of General Relativity, in order to demonstrate that the radius of the proton in Muonic-Hydrogen is smaller than that of Hydrogen by an amount equal to 4%, of the radius of the proton in the Hydrogen.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[21] viXra:2101.0138 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-22 11:46:41
Authors: Sangwha Yi
Comments: 4 Pages. Thank you for reading
In the Cosmological Special Theory of Relativity , we quantized Klein Gordon scalar field in Cosmological Special Theory of Relativity. We t reat Lagrangian density and Hamiltonian in quantized Klein Gordon scalar field.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[20] viXra:2101.0128 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-19 19:59:33
Authors: Rayd Majeed Al-Shammari
Comments: 33 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form]
In special relativity speed of light is constant for all observers at any frame of reference but as Einstein proved later in some of his papers [ ] this is not the same case in general relativity when you have an accelerated frame of reference i.e. a deference in space-time curvature then the speed of light will be different for only a non-local observers, so by following this line of work I manage to confirm and develop Einstein work.
I found that the minimum mass to affect space-time is half Planck mass and I name it At-Tariq condition because in black hole the multiples of this ratio will create a higher-time dimensions and it will act as if the event horizon hammering towards the singularity
Then I use it to solve some important problems in general relativity such as
Calculate the cosmological constant using the quantum field fluctuations with an accuracy of (93.5%) of the average accepted experimental results i.e. theoretical calculations( Λ≅-1.4028×〖10〗^(-9) (J.m^(-3) ).
A proper solution to the vacuum catastrophe.
Calculating the dark matter density using third order quantum field fluctuations within high accuracy from the average accepted experimental results i.e. theoretical calculations.
;Dark matter density=5.3964586×〖10〗^(-27);(kg.m^(-1).(s.c)^(-(4) ) )≡(kg.m^(-3) )
Experimentally the dark matter density in the universe is around (5.423×〖10〗^(-27);(kg.m^(-3) ) )in the assumption of a flat universe then this will put our results to be within an accuracy of [96%] from the average current experimental values.
Proving the effect of the gravitational blue shift of a gravity well, on the electric permittivity of free space (ε_∘ )through both mathematical derivation and experimental evidence using a vertical variation of the Michelson-Morley experiment.
Finding a definite mathematical solution for the black hole singularity.
Finding a definite mathematical solution for the big bang singularity at (t≤0) in cosmological constant form and driving the gravitational constant from it.
Constructing new black hole thermodynamics and finding the entropy of the vacuum.
Constructing Newton's universal law of gravity from the Schrödinger equation.
A way for altering and manipulating space-time through cooperation between the relativistic mass and Schwarzschild metric to increase its curvature through what I like to name "the hoofing effect".
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[19] viXra:2101.0116 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-18 13:56:55
Authors: Jesus Delso Lapuerta
Comments: Pages.
The cosmological redshift energy loss due to the expansion of the universe is stored in the dark matter energy tensor D(4,0) related to the Riemann curvature. The Cosmic Microwave Background energy loss has been stored in the dark matter energy tensor D(4,0). Dark matter gravity is generated by D(4,0) energy related directly to the S(4,0) tensor, however this gravity is attributed to exotic particles never detected, galaxies in our universe are rotating with such speed that the gravity generated by their observable matter could not possibly hold them together. Total Energy T(4,0) and energy tensors are defined to complete the General Relativity field equations. The Ricci decomposition is a way of breaking up the Riemann curvature tensor into three orthogonal tensors, Z(4,0), Weyl tensor C(4,0) and S(4,0)
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[18] viXra:2101.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-15 16:47:40
Authors: Alfred Bennun
Comments: 5 Pages. 1 figure
Black holes when lose energy evaporate and the radiated thermal spectrum results from entropy emission by a black body, without carrying information about the black hole itself. Black holes gravitational force attracts only the electromagnetic radiation, produced by the stars hydrogen fusion, characterized by absorption lines corresponding to a redshift due to a Doppler effect. However, the thermal radiation emanated from a black hole could not be trapped by galactic gravity. But their frequency allows parametric down-conversion (PDC) treatment, as well as could be done for the cosmic background radiation (CMB). The recoil pressures over galaxies increments their inertial mass, increasing impulse and angular momentum, which could be sum-up to that of resting mass, increasing their gravitational field.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[17] viXra:2101.0090 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-14 12:38:33
Authors: Vladimir Pastushenko
Comments: 5 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form]
This article discusses unified equations of the general theory of relativity and quantum gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[16] viXra:2101.0081 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-13 05:16:07
Authors: Henok Tadesse
Comments: 3 Pages.
The observed changes in rate of atomic clocks with velocity and gravitational fields are normally cited as evidence of relativity of time. We show that these changes in clock rates cannot be cited as a disproof of absolute time. We establish the validity of absolute time and show a self-contradiction in relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[15] viXra:2101.0078 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-12 12:38:13
Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 11 Pages. 3 figures
This article analyzes Schwarzschild's internal solution and provides a relativity theoretic basis for the existence of virtual spacetime. Based on this, the corresponding relationship between virtual spacetime and real spacetime is analyzed, and Maxwell's equations of virtual spacetime are constructed, and the conversion relationship between the two spacetimes, including speed, length, and time, is obtained. It is pointed out that the existence of virtual spacetime is a corollary of general relativity theory. It also pointed out that the concept of virtual spacetime can better explain some unusual properties on the surface and interior of black holes.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[14] viXra:2101.0064 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-10 11:29:42
Authors: L. Rimsha, V. Rimsha
Comments: 6 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with scholarly norm]
The article "Why there no noon-midnight red shift in GPS" by N. Ashby and M.Weiss is discussed in this paper.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[13] viXra:2101.0063 [pdf] replaced on 2021-02-24 11:20:36
Authors: Gajendra Singh Solanki
Comments: 7 Pages. This is the ninth paper in the series of rudiments of relativity revisited.
The early pioneers who worked or derived the Lorentz transform, like Voigt, Lorentz, Poincare, and Einstein used an additional common scaling factor to start with. We review the arguments of these pioneers and analyze them to deduce which aspects by dropping this scaling factor are affected. The Interval and phase invariance of the Lorentz transform contradicts its own clock time relationship, but the same is shown to disappear if we translate them to the real domain. Moreover, the invariance does not imply the values of interval and phase are preserved because Lorentz transforms do scale them across frames. Behind the success of the four-vector-based covariant formulation of Lorentz transform is the fact that they operate in the Minkowski domain that maps the positions and computes the times accordingly, but the same makes them difficult to interpret. The real domain view makes their interpretation easy where time dilation persists but the synchronization term disappears.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[12] viXra:2101.0061 [pdf] replaced on 2021-02-24 17:08:58
Authors: Gajendra Singh Solanki
Comments: 6 Pages. This is the tenth paper in the series of 'Rudiments of relativity revisited'. Previous one resolves the LT's interval and phase invariance contradiction with its on clock time. The next one devises RNL based interferometer and lightspeedometer.
This paper, the tenth in the series of ‘Rudiments of relativity revisited’, explores superluminal communication based on relativistic non-localization of new relativity. The new relativity preserves the lightspeed like the current one but also digs deeper into the mechanism behind this constancy. The relativistic non-localization as a superstate is one of the explanations: a photon exists in a superstate of relativistic non-localization, which collapses on detection such that the lightspeed is preserved in the frame of detection. Is it possible to trick this mechanism for the light to supersede its own speed using one or more cross-frame interruptions meant to collapse its superstate in one frame and relaying another burst of light to be detected in another? The two subsequently relayed light-bursts individually preserve lightspeed in their respective frames of detection, but the net result of the two cross-frame flights can be fast or slow travel in a vacuum. Various caveats, assumptions, and experiments to explore supra or infra luminal communication under new relativity are discussed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[11] viXra:2101.0058 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-08 19:16:13
Authors: Richard A. Peters
Comments: 26 Pages.
Gravitational redshift is conventionally believed to be the result of the loss of energy of photons as they emerge from a strong gravitational field into a field of lesser strength. Conversely, gravitational blueshift is believed to be the result of an increase in energy of photons as they move into a stronger gravitational field from a field of lesser strength.
I will argue that gravitational redshift is caused by time dilation of the source of radiation at the gravitational body. The redshift of the photons emitted by the source accounts in full for the measurement of redshift of those photons in a lesser gravitational field. The obverse works for the measurement of gravitational blueshift. The frequency of the photons received in a stronger gravitational field is measured to be greater than the emitted frequency because of time dilation of the receiver. The measured blueshift is illusory and is a measurement artifact. The frequency of a photon is not changed as the photon moves within a gravitational field to either a weaker or a stronger field.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[10] viXra:2101.0056 [pdf] replaced on 2021-09-20 18:24:48
Authors: Anamitra Palit
Comments: 9 Pages.
This article in Section I brings out the fact that the norm-squared of the acceleration four vector in flat space time is not a real number if the acceleration (of a particle)is non zero. This leads to the fiasco that the time derivative of the Lorentz factor is a complex quantity with a non zero imaginary part. For uniform motion the norm projects a consistent picture . Section II establishes the fact that zero proper acceleration ,spatial, is equivalent to zero coordinate acceleration,spatial and vice versa.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[9] viXra:2101.0053 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-07 23:26:20
Authors: Salim Georges Khoury
Comments: 4 Pages.
This paper shows that there exists in “Classical Newtonian Mechanics” a relationship between the curvature of space and the density of energy similar to that of “General Relativity”. It is as if the General Theory of Relativity has replaced, in this relationship of Newtonian Mechanics, the scalar quantities (space curvature and Energy density) by their equivalent tensors. From this point of view, the Theory of General Relativity can be considered as an extension of Newton's classical mechanics, an extension from Euclidean flat space-time to curved space-time of Riemann
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[8] viXra:2101.0050 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-08 02:45:44
Authors: Anamitra Palit
Comments: 8 Pages.
With this article we arrive at a strange conclusion that the equations expressing the energy momentum transformations are not independent. This boils down to the fact that the equations portraying the Lorentz transformations are also not independent. Strange it may seem, this is true.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[7] viXra:2101.0042 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-06 11:21:10
Authors: Jesus Delso Lapuerta
Comments: 4 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with scholarly norm - Please follow]
Dark matter gravity is generated by the S(4,0) tensor, the part of the Riemann
curvature tensor R(4,0) defined as g(il)g(jk) - g(ik)g(jl), new Total Energy T(4,0)
and energy tensors are defined to complete the General Relativity field equations.
The Ricci decomposition is a way of breaking up the Riemann curvature
tensor into three orthogonal tensors, Z(4,0), Weyl tensor C(4,0) and S(4,0), S
tensor generates the dark matter gravity observed, galaxies in our universe are
rotating with such speed that the gravity generated by their observable matter
could not possibly hold them together
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[6] viXra:2101.0037 [pdf] replaced on 2021-03-28 22:23:54
Authors: Roman Szostek
Comments: 37 Pages. This article presents formal proof that STR is a wrong theory (in Polish).
W artykule został przedstawiony formalny dowód tego, że matematyka, na której opiera się Szczególna Teoria Względności (STW) jest współcześnie błędnie interpretowana. Dowód opiera się na analizie znaczenia jakie ma parametr e(v). Zrozumienie znaczenia tego parametru było możliwe dzięki analizie ogólnej postaci transformacji, dla której transformacja Lorentza jest jedynie szczególnym przypadkiem. Jeżeli e(v) ≠ 0 wtedy zegary są w układach inercjalnych rozsynchronizowane. Pomiary, np. jednokierunkowej prędkości, przy pomocy takich zegarów nie dają rzeczywistych wartości.The paper presents a formal proof that the mathematics on which the Special Theory of Relativity (STR) is based is currently misinterpreted. The evidence is based on an analysis of the importance of parameter e(v). Understanding the meaning of this parameter was achieved by analyzing the general form of transformation, for which the Lorentz transformation is only a special case. If e(v) ≠ 0 then the clocks in inertial systems are desynchronized. Measurements, e.g. one-way speed, using such clocks do not give real values.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[5] viXra:2101.0021 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-04 07:31:23
Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 5 Pages.
The degree of curvature of the major arms of the massive spiral galaxies leads to the correct age of the Universe equal to about 21.6 Gyr.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4] viXra:2101.0008 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-02 12:40:08
Authors: Sangwha Yi
Comments: 3 Pages.
In the general relativity theory,we find gravitational matter wave by Klein-Gordon
wave equation. Specially , this article is that Quantization of gravitational wave is made
by Klein-Gordon wave equation. We assume this matter wave as Dark Matter.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[3] viXra:2101.0004 [pdf] submitted on 2021-01-01 04:25:05
Authors: Sylwester Kornowski
Comments: 6 Pages.
Here we described the evolution and we determined the structure and rotation of the Milky Way. Our model is based on the Scale-Symmetric Theory (SST). We compared the theoretical results with observational data.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[2] viXra:2101.0003 [pdf] replaced on 2021-01-20 12:11:08
Authors: Yake Li
Comments: 12 Pages.
Objects make μ0ε0 form a changing scalar field in space, and the gravitational field strength Eg is equal to the negative gradient of the reciprocal of μ0ε0. In spaces with different μ0ε0, their relative time speed and spatial distance can be different. Objects and space are inseparably and intrinsically connected, and gravitational interaction and electromagnetic interaction are unified on the electromagnetic properties of objects and space.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[1] viXra:2101.0001 [pdf] replaced on 2021-02-16 18:57:54
Authors: V. A. Kasimov
Comments: 29 Pages. in Russian
About time in connection with causality, the "grandfather paradox" and the space-time "cut-and-paste" method.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
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