Relativity and Cosmology

Galilean-Zhou Transformation vs. Lorentz Transformation

Authors: Fang Zhou
Comments: 34 Pages. In Chinese

In the article, a comprehensive analysis on Lorentz Transformation is carried out, and the simplest deduction of Galilean-Zhou Transformation is produced as well. The paper presents a detailed comparison between Lorentz Transformation and Galilean-Zhou Transformation, which shows Galilean-Zhou Transformation completely conforms the real observation process of two relatively moving observers. In the case of two relatively and uniformly moving observers and limited light velocity, e. g. c=3.0x105 km per hour, the only objectively existing in nature spacetime transformation is Galilean-Zhou Transformation, and Galilean Transformation is a special case of Galilean-Zhou Transformation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Einstein, Heisenberg and c2-Inertia

Authors: Milan D. Nešić
Comments: 16 Pages.

The conflict between Einstein and the Copenhagen school of thought is well known in the history of science. On the one hand, Einstein's strict determinism, on the other, Heisenberg's uncertainty relations, the collapse of the wave function and the chance at the micro level, regardless of the macroscopic explanations of the postulate cmax=const, regardless of the initial mass. At the time when our Galaxy was the whole world and the mutual velocities in it were negligible according to the speed of light, Einstein held that the mass of the world was one and unique. In 1985, in a lecture on quantum electro-dynamics—QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter—Feynman says that he only describes how nature behaves without being able to explain why it behaves like that because no one understands this; and Laughlin in 2005 says, already with the title of his book—A DIFFERENT UNIVERSE: Reinventing Physics From The Bottom Down—that an effort on understanding this fact to humanity is yet to come. This article shows that one should start from the very postulate cmax=const, rethinking this experimental fact—because Einstein's explanation from 1916 is insuf-ficient and in fact wrong: he tacitly takes the coordinate system of the railway embankment as absolute, and to the train speed adds to or subtracts the light speed. And rethinking will lead us to the necessary Heisenberg relations of uncertainty, c2-inertia and new insights into the property of relativity and symmetry of the vacuum itself, to the explanation of the EPR paradox and the so-called the twin paradox. And all together to one Universe, really different from how we imagine it today with a big bang.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Cosmological Redshifts Criticized

Authors: Sjaak Uitterdijk
Comments: 3 Pages.

One of the missions of the James Webb telescope is to learn more about the origin and expansion of the universe by means of redshift measurements in the spectra of stars far away from Earth. This article shows that such a mission is doomed to fail.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Tutorial: Electromagnetic Violations of Newtonian Precepts in Basic Experiments

Authors: Steven Kenneth Kauffmann
Comments: 10 Pages.

Since acceleration is invariant under constant-velocity Galilean transformations, a system moving at constant velocity cannot, in Newtonian physics, exert new forces it doesn't already exert when it is at rest. But a bar magnet moving at nonzero constant velocity exerts a force on electric charges that it doesn't exert when it is at rest (Faraday's Law), and a charge moving at nonzero constant velocity exerts a torque on the needle of a magnetic compass that it doesn't exert when it is at rest (Biot-Savart Law). Thus basic electromagnetic experiments which are feasible in undergraduate or secondary-school physics labs illustrate the need to replace the Galilean transformations. That seems pedagogically much more compelling than the standard practice of merely discussing experiments which use extremely high-precision equipment such as Michelson interferometers. What should replace the Galilean transformations? A key qualification obviously is compatibility with the electromagnetic Laws. Those Laws can be presented as wave equations with source terms, and wherever the source terms are zero, the free waves travel exclusively at the fixed constant speed c. Thus to be compatible with the electromagnetic Laws, the replacements of the Galilean transformations must preserve the speed c, but they of course must in addition become Galilean when the ratio of the untransformed speed to c goes to zero.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Spiral Galaxy Rotation Profiles in Shadow Gravity

Authors: Paul Stowe
Comments: 5 Pages. [Corrections made by viXra Admin to conform with the requirements on the Submission Form]

Since the 1930’s it has been noticed that reported stellar rotation in spiral galaxies does not conform to theoretical predictions of current mathematical gravitational theories. In this work we will derive and examine stellar rotation profiles of spiral galaxies using only the basic tenets of Shadow (Pushing) Gravity (SG). We demonstrate that this process naturally produces rotation profiles in accordance with observations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Invention of a Link Between the Casimir Effect, the Quantum Vacuum Energy and the Cosmological Constant

Authors: Stéphane Wojnow
Comments: 3 Pages.

We propose a simple relation to obtain the energy density of the cosmological constant from Planck units and the value of the cosmological constant Then we join the latter with the zero point energy to find the Casimir effect.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Invention D’un Lien Entre L’effet Casimir, L’énergie du Vide Quantique et la Constante Cosmologique

Authors: Stéphane Wojnow
Comments: 3 Pages.

Nous proposons une relation simple permettant d’obtenir la densité d’énergie de la constante cosmologique à partir d’unités de Planck et de la valeur de la constante cosmologique. Puis nous réunissons cette dernière avec l’énergie du point zéro pour retrouver l’effet Casimir.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

One-Way-Light Speed Measurement

Authors: Wolfgang Sturm
Comments: 4 Pages.

A simple and cheap device is used to check whether the light propagates at the same speed in all directions. It remains to be hoped that the astonishing measurement result is based on a measurement error.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Pre-Relativistic Vectors and Tensors Transformations

Authors: Valery Timin
Comments: 15 Pages. In Russian

Pre-relativistic tensor transformations are transformations of 4-dimensional material tensors of classical mechanics Formulas for transformations of contravariant, covariant, and mixed rank 2 tensors of a pre – relativistic space-the intermediate space between Galilean and relativistic (Minkowski) spaces-are given. The domain of definition is the transformation of coordinates and vectors at infinitesimal velocities of material objects. Such tensors are metric tensors of 4-dimensional space.

(Translated by Yandex Translator Яндекс-Переводчик) Дорелятивистские преобразования тензоров являются преобразованиями 4-мерных материальных тензоров классической механики. Даны формулы преобразований контравариантных, ковариантных и смешанных векторов и тензоров ранга 2 дорелятивистского пространства – промежуточного пространства между галилеевыми и релятивистскими (Минковского) пространствами. Область определения – преобразования координат и векторов при бесконечно малых скоростях материальных объектов. Такими тензорами являются вектора и другие тензоры 4-мерного пространства. (Текст с дополнениями и некоторыми исправлениями).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Replacement of Lorentz Transformation by Galilean-Zhou Transformation

Authors: Fang Zhou
Comments: 33 pages,in Chinese language

In the article, a comprehensive analysis on Lorentz Transformation is carried out. It is exposed that essential and fatal errors exist in Lorentz Transformation. These errors make Lorentz Transformation unable to meet the ‘Principle of Relativity’. The paper presents a detailed comparison between Lorentz Transformation and Galilean-Zhou Transformation, which shows Galilean-Zhou Transformation completely conforms the real observation process of two relatively moving observers. In consequence, it is expectable that Galilean-Zhou Transformation will unavoidably supersede Lorentz Transformation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Working Principle of Airborne Pulse Doppler Radar Can Prove the Error of Relativity

Authors: Xueshi Ji
Comments: 7 Pages.

The frequency change caused by Doppler effect is called Doppler frequency shift, which is directly proportional to the relative velocity V and the frequency of vibration. In essence, the reason for the Doppler effect is that the relative velocity V is superimposed on the speed of light. If there is no relative velocity V superposition, there will be no Doppler effect. Therefore, it can be proved that Einstein's second hypothesis is wrong: the speed of light is the same in all inertial systems. If the speed of light is the same, it is impossible to observe the Doppler effect at all. The modified ether theory can replace the theory of relativity. On the earth's surface, the ether moves with the earth's traction, and the earth cannot drag the ether of the whole universe. The optical aberration phenomenon also shows that the earth does not drag the ether of the whole universe. The optical aberration phenomenon occurs at the junction of the earth's ether traction area and non traction area, not in the telescope lens. That is, the earth only pulls the ether around it. The planet moves with the ether around it. The ether has mass, and the ether may be dark matter. The density of ether is distributed according to the size of gravity. The closer to a planet, the greater the density of ether.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Information Paradox of Black Holes May not Exist

Authors: Gui-xiong Liang
Comments: 7 Pages. chinese

In this paper, through the numerical simulation of the process in which the particle falls into the Schwarzschild black hole and the analysis of the causal relationship of the events on the event horizon of the Schwarzschild black hole, it is concluded that "if the black hole itself will die due to evaporation, the event that the object falling into the black hole will pass through the event horizon and fall into the black hole will not happen", Because the event that objects falling on the black hole pass through the black hole divine world always occurs in the causal future of the event that the black hole dies due to evaporation Since the object will not really fall into the black hole, the problem of "the information paradox of black holes" itself is no longer a problem.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Light-speed Acceleration Radius

Authors: Espen Gaarder Haug
Comments: 3 Pages.

Introduced and discussed is what is termed the light-speed acceleration radius. This is the radius of a spherical gravitational object at which an object (particle) at rest will accelerate to the speed of light in the Planck time. Because the Planck time is likely the shortest possible time interval and the speed of light is the maximum possible speed, this is the radius for the maximum gravitational field as measured by gravitational acceleration. This radius differs from the Schwarzschild radius except for so-called micro black holes.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Measuring the One-Way Speed of Light

Authors: Gabriel-Claudiu Grama
Comments: 1 Page. CC BY-SA

In this article, we present a method for measuring the one-way speed of light, for both flat (euclidean) and curved space (non-euclidean), with subtle differences in approach. So far, there is no solution for measuring the one-way speed of light, but there is for the two-way speed of light, where, in essence, only a mirror is used to reflect light back to where the light began it's journey, assuming that the speed of light is equal in all directions (which may not be true, according to Einstein).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Unidentified Infrared Discrete Emission Bands

Authors: Vladimir S. Netchitailo
Comments: 7 Pages.

Unidentified Infrared emission bands (UIBs) are infrared discrete emissions from circumstellar regions, interstellar media (ISM), star-forming regions, and extragalactic objects for which the identity of the emitting materials is unknown. The main infrared features occur around peaks at 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.2, and 12.7 μm with the photon’s rest energy at the peaks 0.376, 0.200, 0.161, 0.144, 0.111, and 0.098 eV, respectively. The UIB emission phenomenon has been studied for about 45 years. The prevailing hypothesis is that the materials responsible for UIB are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules. PAHs are thought to be one of the main forms in which carbon exists in space. And yet, not a single member of this group of compounds had been identified in space definitively until now [1]. In frames of Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM), we introduced Dark Matter (DM) particles, named DIONs, with the rest energy 0.199 eV and an energy density of 68.8% of the total energy density of the World. DIONs compose Outer shells of DM Supercluster’s Cores – the main objects of the World [2]. In this paper, we give an explanation of UIB emission based on the self-annihilation of DM particles DIONs and biDIONs (DIONs pairs) with a rest energy about 0.38 eV that depends on the binding energy. To the best of our knowledge, WUM is the only cosmological model in existence that is consistent with UIB emission phenomenon.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Determination of the Energy Density of the Cosmological Constant with Planck Units and the Cosmological Constant.

Authors: Stéphane Wojnow
Comments: 2 Pages.

We propose a simple relation to obtain the density of the cosmological constant from the Planck units and the value of the cosmological constant.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Crystalline Ether a Simple and Unified Explanation of the Theories of Modern Physics and of the Universe

Authors: Gérard Gremaud
Comments: 15 Pages.

This paper summarizes how a new approach to the Universe based on the existence of a "crystalline ether", which has recently been detailed in two books, makes it possible to find a simple, unified and coherent explanation of all the theories of modern physics and of the Universe. The basic concepts of this approach can be summarized as follows: (i) the support of the Universe is a form of "crystalline ether" which consists of a solid and massive lattice, of facecentered cubic structure, with the simplest possible elasticity, and in which matter is represented by the set of topological singularities of this lattice (loops of dislocations, disinclinations and dispirations), and (ii) this lattice exclusively satisfies, in absolute space, the basic classical physical concepts that are Newton's law and the two principles of thermodynamics. With these basic classical concepts alone, we show that it is possible to find all the modern theories of physics, namely that the behaviors of this lattice (the Universe) and its topological singularities (the Matter) satisfy electromagnetism, special relativity, general relativity, gravitation, quantum physics, cosmology and even the standard model of elementary particles.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Analysis of Hubble Tension

Authors: Vladimir S. Netchitailo
Comments: 5 Pages.

The results of measurements of Hubble constant H_0 , which characterizes the expansion rate of the universe, shows that the values of H_0 vary significantly depending on Methodology. The disagreement in the values of H_0 obtained by various teams far exceeds standard uncertainties provided with the values. This discrepancy is called Hubble Tension. In this paper, we discuss Macrostructures of the World and provide an explanation of Hubble Tension in frames of the developed Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Our Collapsing Friedman Universe

Authors: William Q. Sumner
Comments: 6 Pages.

In 1907 using special relativity, Albert Einstein proved that vacuum permittivity, ε, changes in accelerating coordinate reference frames. ε is the scalar in Maxwell’s equations that determines the speed of light and the strength of electrical fields. In 1952, Møller confirmed Einstein’s discovery by proving that ε is a function of the curvature of static spacetimes. In 1994, Sumner proved that ε changes with the curvature of Friedmann spacetime. Photon energies are proportional to ε, but the energies of photons emitted by atoms are proportional to ε^2. This difference reverses the interpretation of Hubble redshifts. Hubble redshifts only result when a Friedmann universe is collapsing. This is confirmed by the Pantheon redshift data fit of 1048 supernovas with a negative Hubble constant Ho =-72.10±0.75 km s−1 Mpc−1 and a deceleration parameter 1/2 < q_o < 0.51. The velocity of light in Friedmann geometry is inversely proportional to the radius of the universe. The velocity of light was infinite at the Big Bang and decreased to zero at maximum size when the universe began to collapse. The velocity of light is now accelerating towards infinity. Its current value is c. Collapse will be complete in 9.05 billion years. The current age of the universe is estimated to be 1.54 x 10^4 billion years.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology