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[28] viXra:2303.0169 [pdf] replaced on 2023-06-15 21:51:04
Authors: Stergios Pellis
Comments: 26 Pages. Published in SSRN Electronic Journal http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4406279 Distributed in Astronomy & Astrophysics eJournal Vol 5, Issue 13, April 19, 2023 Distributed in Cosmology & Large-Scale Structure eJournal Vol 5, Issue 15, April 26, 2023
In this paper we will propose a possible solution for the density parameter of dark energy. From the dimensionless unification of the fundamental interactions will be presended the formulas for the density parameter of dark energy. Also we will show the geometric representation of the density parameter for dark energy and the geometric representation of the relationship between the de Sitter radius and the Hubble length.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[27] viXra:2303.0152 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-26 13:50:48
Authors: Michael Girgis
Comments: 12 Pages.
The luminosity of stars and galaxies is relativistic luminosity because it is affected by the motion and gravity of stars and galaxies. It is called positive relativistic luminosity because it is related to the positive relativistic mass assumed by the inverse relativity model. The difference between the positive relativistic mass in positive space-time and the total relativistic mass that bends the fabric of space-time, according to the inverse relativity model is the negative relativistic mass or mass in negative space-time, the properties and distribution of negative relativistic mass in the universe are consistent with the properties and distribution of dark matter, as it does not emit radiation, does not interact with light, does not consist of a specific elementary particle, does not interact with electric and magnetic fields, and interacts only with gravity, as it appears only on the cosmic level in Stars, galaxies and galaxy clusters
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[26] viXra:2303.0151 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-27 03:45:56
Authors: Vladimir S. Netchitailo
Comments: 117 Pages.
According to Wikipedia, Classical physics refers to pre-1900 physics, while modern physics refers to post-1900 physics which incorporates elements of quantum mechanics and relativity . In our opinion, Classical Physics is branch of Physics that should be described by classical notions, which define emergent phenomena. Emergent phenomenon is property that is a result of simple interactions that work cooperatively to create more complex interaction. Physically, simple interactions occur at microscopic level, and collective result can be observed at macroscopic level. WUM introduces classical notions, when the very first ensemble of particles was created and become possible to introduce notion "Medium of the World". We emphasize that Classical Physics is principally different from Quantum Physics that describes quantum objects, which have only four-momenta. Classical Physics is dealing with ensembles of quantum objects! Existence of the Medium is a principal point of WUM. It follows from observations of Intergalactic Plasma,Microwave Background and Far-Infrared Background Radiations. Abandoning of Luminiferous Aether by Special Relativity in 1905 was crucial for Classical Physics. It is a great pity that mainstream physicists at that time did not know (or forgot) theory of Luminiferous Aether developed by J. McCullagh in 1846. The Medium of the World is the Savior of Classical Physics! Don't throw the baby out with the bathwater. WUM is a natural continuation of Classical Physics. The main objective of the Model is to unify and simplify existing results in Classical Physics into single coherent picture of a New Cosmology.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[25] viXra:2303.0134 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-21 03:03:00
Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 34 Pages. A summary
This paper attempts to build a model of dark matter fluids, according to which the universe is filled with dark matter fluids. This dark matter fluid is made up of two of the most basic particles, which are called Fieldons in this paper. These two basic dark matter particles can also form dark matter molecules, and rely on the interaction between molecules to form dark matter fluids. In the process of dark matter fluid flow, because the dark matter fluid itself also has a certain viscosity, it will produce turbulence when the flow rate of the dark matter fluid changes. The basic fluid form that makes up the turbulence of dark matter is the form of a vortex tube. Each end of the vortex corresponds to positive and negative charges and positive and negative magnetic monopoles. If we consider that the space-time in which the charges are the elementary particles is a space-time that can be measured by us humans, then the space-time composed of magnetic monopoles is the space-time that human beings cannot measure. Finally, using the conditions for the quantization of Dirac’s charge, we can show that the formation of charge and magnetic monopole vortexes can automatically satisfy the conditions for quantization of charge. The significance of this paper is to construct a new dark matter model, which can be used as an effective supplement to the existing dark matter model. In addition, this paper also points out that the propagation of electromagnetic waves in dark matter fluids is only similar to the sound propagating in matter on Earth, which is a very slow signal. If this analogy holds, it means that there may be a faster signal in the dark matter fluid. Perhaps the existence of this faster signal can also be used to explain the problem of quantum entanglement at a distance, and also bring the dawn of interstellar communication for human beings.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[24] viXra:2303.0133 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-22 01:07:35
Authors: Enrique Domínguez Pinos
Comments: 12 Pages. In Spanish
A calculation method for the Shapiro delay in special relativity is presented.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[23] viXra:2303.0131 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-22 01:09:11
Authors: Yu E. Zevatskiy
Comments: 8 Pages. Keywords: SRT, Eigen Time, Laplace Invariant
The dynamics of particle motion is investigated within the frame of a relativistic model, constituting an Euclidean space with three real spatial axes and one axis corresponding to the local (eigen) time. An assumption is set forth about the isotropy of this tetrameric space at small velocities of the objects as a consequence of the equivalence principle of the spatial and eigen time coordinates. The equations for trajectories are found, which are classified as the inertial motion. In the three-dimensional spa-tial basis, besides the trivial solutions, they include the accelerated motion in the harmonic and gravitational fields. In the latter case, such a motion can be implemented under the assumption of the two-dimensional nature (or complexity) of the eigen time of the particles. The Laplace invariant is constituted by the real components of the coordinates and velocities.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[22] viXra:2303.0128 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-21 00:52:33
Authors: Andrew Holster
Comments: 63 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: An abstract is not present in the article - Please conform)
The standard model of cosmology is acclaimed in physics as accurate, robust, well-tested, our best scientific theory of the cosmos, but it has had serious anomalies for a while, including the Hubble tension, anomalous galaxies, and the completely unexplained nature of dark energy and dark matter. And lurking behind it all is the lack of a unified theory: General Relativity (GR) and quantum mechanics (QM) are inconsistent. Now startling new observations by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in 2022 of the early universe present the strongest challenge yet to the standard model, and whispers have started that this shows there is something wrong with the fundamental theory, General Relativity itself. This would be a crisis for cosmology. But haven’t they tested this theory already, and shown it is correct? How could it turn out wrong at this late stage? Here we compare the standard cosmology with an alternative fundamental theory, that has a strikingly different overall cosmological behavior: a simple cyclic expansion function. It is simple and deterministic. There are only two or three general parameters. The alternative here has strong evidence already from other areas, but the primary result here is that this alternative cosmology: (A) closely matches the expansion observed and modelled through the CDM standard model, now going back to red-shifts of 5-15; and (B) it also predicts unexpected early galaxy formation now being reported by the JWST. The point here is not to try to prove this alternative theory however, but rather show how it compares to the conventional cosmology. This show us clearly how weak the empirical evidence for the standard model really is against a counterfactual fundamental theory. Some results established in science are robust against theory change, but we find the standard cosmological model and the implications drawn from it are not robust at all.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[21] viXra:2303.0127 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-20 04:34:26
Authors: Andrew Holster
Comments: 60 Pages.
In his [1937, 1938], Paul Dirac proposed his "Large Number Hypothesis" (LNH), as a speculative law, based upon what we will call the "Large Number Coincidences" (LNC’s), which are essentially "coincidences" in the ratios of about six large dimensionless numbers in physics. Dirac’s LNH postulates that these numerical coincidences reflect a deeper set of law-like relations, pointing to a revolutionary theory of cosmology. This led to substantial work, including the development of Dirac’s later [1969/74] cosmology, and other alternative cosmologies, such as the Brans-Dicke modification of GTR, and to extensive empirical tests. We may refer to the generic hypothesis of "Large Number Relations" (LNR’s), as the proposal that there are lawlike relations of some kind between the dimensionless numbers, not necessarily those proposed in Dirac’s early LNH. Such relations would have a profound effect on our concepts of physics, but they remain shrouded in mystery. Although Dirac’s specific proposals for LNR theories have been largely rejected, the subject retains interest, especially among cosmologists seeking to test possible variations in fundamental constants, and to explain dark energy or the cosmological constant. In the first two sections here we briefly summarize the basic concepts of LNR’s. We then introduce an alternative LNR theory, using a systematic formalism to express variable transformations between conventional measurement variables and the true variables of the theory. We demonstrate some consistency results and review the evidence for changes in the gravitational constant G. The theory adopted in the strongest tests of Ġ/G, by the NASA Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) experiments, assumes: Ġ/G = 3(dr/dt)/r — 2(dP/dt)/P — (dm/dt)/m, as a fundamental relationship. Experimental measurements show the RHS to be close to zero, so it is inferred that significant changes in G are ruled out. However when the relation is derived in our alternative theory it gives: Ġ/G = 3(dr/dt)/r — 2(dP/dt)/P — (dm/dt)/m — (dR/dt)/R. The extra final term (which is the Hubble constant) is not taken into account in conventional derivations. This means the LLR experiments are consistent with our LNR theory (and others), and they do not really test for a changing value of G at all. This failure to transform predictions of LNR theories correctly is a serious conceptual flaw in current experiment and theory. It means NASA has spent decades falsely claiming to rule out the major type of alternative theory possible.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[20] viXra:2303.0123 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-21 01:01:03
Authors: Ruslan Sharipov
Comments: 12 Pages.
The 3D-brane universe model is an alternative theory of gravity. It was introduced using the concept of temporal coexistence. In the present paper the energy conservation law for the gravitational field and matter in the 3D-brane universe model is derived.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[19] viXra:2303.0095 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-15 13:25:36
Authors: Huaiyang Cui
Comments: 22 Pages.
Relativistic matter wave provides a biological clock for human beings, it also governs planetary size and temperature. In this paper, the sunspot period, earth’s atmosphere circulation with season clock and human biological clock are investigated, the clock formula is derived. As the results, the period of sunspot cycle is calculated to be 10.93 years, the human mean lifespan on the Earth is calculated to be 84 years, while the human mean lifespan reduces to 8.6 years on the Mars. A guidance of anti-ageing is proposed for the biological clock. The solar radius is determined as 7e+8 (m) with a relative error of 0.72%; the earth's radius is determined as 6.4328e+6 (m) with a relative error of 0.86%. The temperatures in the solar interior and in the earth’s interior are also calculated by their relativistic matter waves. This approach gives a temperature 6031K in the solar convective layer, the solar core shell is estimated at a temperature 852K. The atmospheric temperature at sea level in the equatorial region is estimated to be 293K, and the mantle temperature is estimated to be 1467K.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[18] viXra:2303.0094 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-15 14:39:14
Authors: Kathleen A. Rosser
Comments: 19 Pages.
A novel general relativistic plane-wave metric is presented with a proposal for possible detection. Called a quasi-inertial oscillation (QIO), the metric is an exact solution to Einstein's vacuum field equations, yet carries non-Einsteinian longitudinal polarization, permitted by its quasi-inertial status. Although QIOs are metric waves in spacetime, they differ fundamentally from the standard gravitational waves assumed to be detected by LIGO and Virgo. QIOs are an oscillating type of quasi-inertial disturbance (QID), a broader class of exact solutions to Einstein's equations with varying features that travel at the speed of light. The observable properties of QIDs, and of QIOs in particular, have rarely if ever been studied in the literature. Yet it is shown here that if general relativity accurately models gravity, QIOs should produce test particle acceleration and are thus in principle observable by space-based detectors. Due to Riemann flatness, QIOs were historically dismissed as unphysical, and hence unobservable, by authors such as Taub, McVittie, Weber and others. However, these authors were seeking gravitational waves capable of forming gravitons, a far more stringent requirement than mere observability. Moreover, the claim that Riemann flatness precludes detection does not apply to metrics for which the coordinate system is fixed by a physical structure, such as a space-based platform, an accelerating rocket, or the cosmic microwave background, nor to metrics associated with frame-dependent quantum processes such as the Unruh effect. Nevertheless, subsequent authors continued to dismiss exact longitudinal plane-wave solutions and thus overlooked a real possibility of detection. With the benefit of hindsight, it is proposed here that QIOs may not only be detectable, but that Riemann flatness does not rule out the potential influence of QIOs on astrophysical or cosmological backgrounds, including the stochastic gravitational wave and photon backgrounds. QIOs are presented first in rectangular coordinates, then in Brinkmann coordinates for comparison with pp-waves. It is also shown that the Riemann-flat metric of a uniformly accelerating Rindler frame, theoretically detectable by Unruh radiation, can be constructed as a product of (rectangular) advanced and retarded QIDs, offering further argument for observability through an Unruh-type effect. Astrophysical and cosmological mechanisms are proposed as physical sources of QIOs. It is further suggested that, since QIOs are energy-free exact solutions to Einstein's equations, there is nothing to obstruct their generation by accidental alignments of matter, and thus nothing to prevent the vacuum from being filled with weak transient random spacetime fluctuations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[17] viXra:2303.0089 [pdf] replaced on 2025-01-19 19:38:11
Authors: Andrey N. Smirnov
Comments: 14 Pages.
A hypothesis is proposed that generalizes the principle of causality. The hypothesis assumes that the principle of causality is applied separately and independently for each different inertial reference frame. It was noted that the observer has only the information that the inertial reference frame relative to which he is stationary has. Further analysis led to the conclusion that from the observer's point of view, any event exists in all inertial reference frames, even if it exists only in a part of the inertial reference frames. The hypothesis leads to the fact that two types of transformations arise during the transition between inertial reference frames. The first is the transformation from the observer's point of view. The second type of transformation is direct transformations of space-time and fields. When considering the hypothesis, it was noted that all modern widely accepted theories rely on the principle of causality. At the same time, the principle of causality does not depend on them, it is more fundamental. Therefore, the hypothesis can be considered based only on the principle of causality, without taking into account any other principles and physical theories. If the hypothesis is true, then all modern physical theories satisfy only the first type of transformations. The hypothesis allows for a new class of theories to be created that take into account the second type of transformations. These theories can lead to new predictions. Therefore, it can be argued that the hypothesis is, in principle, falsifiable. If the hypothesis is true, then there is something more fundamental than space-time.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[16] viXra:2303.0078 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-13 00:18:19
Authors: Jiří Šrajer
Comments: 11 Pages.
It is impossible to create a correct 3D map of the observable part of the universedue to the fact that what we see around us is not a three-dimensional space. Eachobject we observe is distant from us not only in space but also in time. What we seeis a fragment of spacetime, and if we try to imagine it as a three-dimensional space,various deformations and incorrect determinations of distances and sizes of distantobjects occur.Regardless of whether real space is curved or flat, the observed part of the universecan be modeled as system of spheres (which differ in the time it took for the lightto reach us from a given sphere) distributed in a certain way in spacetime. In orderto correctly imagine the observable part of the universe, a four-dimensional map isnecessary. In this paper, I present one possible solution for constructing a 4D map ofthe universe. One may be surprised at how big the differences can be in comparison toa 3D map, which treats the observable part of the universe as three-dimensional space.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[15] viXra:2303.0074 [pdf] replaced on 2023-04-11 15:03:34
Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 12 Pages.
Dimensional Reduction (DR) conjectures that the number of spacetime dimensions monotonically drops with the boost in energy scale. According to DR, the expectation is that ordinary space progressively unfolds from being one or two-dimensional near the Big-Bang singularity. This work argues that DR a) can explain some of the observed anomalies challenging the standard model of cosmology and, b) provides a platform for unifying the particle and gravitational interpretations of Dark Matter.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[14] viXra:2303.0072 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-11 01:57:40
Authors: Yu E. Zevatskiy
Comments: 7 Pages.
Hot Universe model, filled by uniform isotropic radiation, coming from its border, is examined. Equations for gravitational forces, coincident with classical ones, and for particle momentum, coincident with relativistic expression with accuracy up to constant multiplier were obtained. It was demonstrated the Universe mass corresponds to the energy of relict radiation, divided by с^2, absorbed by the matter for the whole period from Big Rang.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[13] viXra:2303.0068 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-10 02:11:22
Authors: Vladimir S. Netchitailo
Comments: 12 Pages.
In 1937, P. Dirac proposed the Large Number Hypothesis and the Hypothesis of the variable gravitational "constant," and later added the notion of continuous creation of Matter in the World. The Hypersphere World-Universe Model (WUM) follows these ideas, albeit introducing a different mechanism of Matter creation. In this paper we show that Gravitational parameter G that can be measured directly makes measurable all Cosmological parameters, which cannot be measured directly.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[12] viXra:2303.0064 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-09 15:30:48
Authors: Svein Otto Kanstad
Comments: 9 Pages.
The nature of space and time in current relativity physics is defined by Einstein’s special relativity theory (SRT), with length contraction and time dilation in moving inertial systems as fundamental elements in SRT’s structure of space and time. Both are essentially ad hoc concepts, supported by a wealth of complex and exacting experiments. This paper instead starts by considering the simplest possible relativistic experiment — the propagation of a beam of light, as seen from the principle of relativity point of view. It is found that the principle of relativity by itself transforms space and time coordinates of an optical wave between inertial systems, and secures the covariance of the Maxwell equations — both otherwise the prerogative of the Lorentz transformation. When analyzed by those coordinate transformations defined by the principle of relativity, crucial relativistic experiments that provide the experimental support of SRT’s concepts of space and time are explained without recourse to length contraction or time dilation. Consequently, time dilation and length contraction of rigid bodies inside moving inertial systems do not occur in a real world ruled by the principle of relativity. In particular, experiments show that time proceeds equally fast in a moving inertial system as in a stationary system. Concepts of space and time in current special relativity theory therefore are not compatible with the principle of relativity. A consistent special theory of relativity would have its basic structure of space and time defined by the principle of relativity, not by the physical interpretation of the Lorentz transformation. That shall simplify relativistic concepts, to make relativity theory more transparent and true to relativity physics, possibly opening up for further advances directly from the basis of relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[11] viXra:2303.0058 [pdf] replaced on 2025-01-19 19:34:42
Authors: Andrey N. Smirnov
Comments: 14 Pages.
A hypothesis is proposed that generalizes the principle of causality. The hypothesis assumes that the principle of causality is applied separately and independently for each different inertial reference frame. It was noted that the observer has only the information that the inertial reference frame relative to which he is stationary has. Further analysis led to the conclusion that from the observer's point of view, any event exists in all inertial reference frames, even if it exists only in a part of the inertial reference frames. The hypothesis leads to the fact that two types of transformations arise during the transition between inertial reference frames. The first is the transformation from the observer's point of view. The second type of transformation is direct transformations of space-time and fields. When considering the hypothesis, it was noted that all modern widely accepted theories rely on the principle of causality. At the same time, the principle of causality does not depend on them, it is more fundamental. Therefore, the hypothesis can be considered based only on the principle of causality, without taking into account any other principles and physical theories. If the hypothesis is true, then all modern physical theories satisfy only the first type of transformations. The hypothesis allows for a new class of theories to be created that take into account the second type of transformations. These theories can lead to new predictions. Therefore, it can be argued that the hypothesis is, in principle, falsifiable. If the hypothesis is true, then there is something more fundamental than space-time.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[10] viXra:2303.0053 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-08 02:02:14
Authors: Rodrigo de Abreu
Comments: 12 Pages.
In this paper it is reconsidered the physical meaning of Einstein's Relative Simultaneity, based on the results obtained previously in the context of the meaning of simultaneity and synchronization that has also been addressed in several other papers. In the standard Special Relativity, usually, simultaneity and synchronization is considered with the Einstein one-way speed of light that has been introduced by Einstein in the 1905 article "by definition". In the standard interpretation the one-way speed of light is not considered since the Einstein speed of light is considered the speed of light. However, in our previous work we have shown that this is a terminological confusion. Now it is addressed Einstein´s Relative Simultaneity with a very simple conciseformalism using two clocks in every point of a frame, frame that is moving in relation to the preferred frame, a synchronized clock, and a Lorentzian clock. We previously obtain an expression that shows an intrinsic desynchronization of Lorentzian clocks in every frame except in the preferred frame where the one-way speed of light is isotropic. Therefore, we designate the preferred frame by Einstein Frame (EF). Allegedly the conventionality of the one-way speed of light originate the conventionality of simultaneity. Therefore, we clarify the meaning of simultaneity and Einstein´s Relative Simultaneity concluding that Einstein´s Relative Simultaneity is not simultaneity except in EF. Simultaneity is not relative. However, we conclude that Einstein´s Simultaneity is relative since Lorentzian clocks are desynchronized except in EF.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[9] viXra:2303.0049 [pdf] replaced on 2023-04-26 18:31:34
Authors: Michael Leon Fontenot
Comments: 3 Pages.
The outcome of Bell’s Spaceship Paradox has historically been very controversial. Some physicists said the thread breaks, and some physicists said it doesn’t. More recently, most physicists say the thread breaks. But the correct answer is that the string does NOT break. That SAME answer is obtained by both of the two inertial observers who are at rest with the two spaceships immediately before acceleration begins, and also by both of the two observers who are forever stationary with respect to the two rockets themselves.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[8] viXra:2303.0046 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-07 02:29:29
Authors: Yu E. Zevatskiy
Comments: 8 Pages. (Name added to Article by viXra Admin - PLease conform)
The first part of this study reports the calculation of five expressions of relativ-istic Hamiltonians of particles moving in the field of potential forces depending on the notation of the Newton’s second law. The results obtained were used to calculate terms of ground states of hydrogen-like atoms.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[7] viXra:2303.0038 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-04 02:52:01
Authors: Yu. E. Zevatskiy
Comments: 8 Pages.
The relativistic kinematics and particle dynamics in the four-dimensional Euclidean space with real reference axes have been studied using the Lorentz transformations. Five types of relativistic Hamiltonians of particles moving in the field of potential forces are calculated, depending on the re-cording form of the Newton’s second law. The results obtained can be applicable to introduce relativistic corrections while solving a wide variety of problems in mechanics.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[6] viXra:2303.0032 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-03 18:53:39
Authors: Alireza Jamali
Comments: 4 Pages. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Comments and objections are welcome.
After proving that the universal acceleration scale of MOND is the acceleration of light in an expanding Universe, it is shown that accelerating null rays require a modification of the metric of velocity space, hence the differential of velocity. Consequently the canonical momentum, and from there the law of motion are changed. After some approximations, MOND's essence is vindicated and it is seen as a necessary consequence of the acceleration of the Universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[5] viXra:2303.0022 [pdf] replaced on 2025-10-01 16:30:29
Authors: Ivo Draschkow
Comments: 2 Pages.
Any coherent mass formation, regardless of its density, is subject to a relativistic curvature, which, as proven here, accounts for a certain proportion of the Schwarzschild radius. General Relativity reveals a minimum state of this proportion for quantum-sized structures and thereby unveils a fundamental spectrum.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4] viXra:2303.0014 [pdf] replaced on 2023-04-03 23:30:25
Authors: Fang Zhou
Comments: 55 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Naming an equation after the author's name is not acceptable scholarly practice)
The logic for Space-Time and Space-time Transformation is as follows: Minkowski Space-Time( Min.ST ) —"Set of Identical Transformation"— is contained by Galilean Space-Time( Gal.ST ) which is "Set of Galilean-[] Transformation", contained by the "Universe Space-Time". Identical Transformation is ‘Null’ Transformation，which is the only Space-time Transformation defined in Min.ST by reason that the Min.ST is a "One-observer’s World", whereas the Gal.ST is a "Multi-observer’s World", in which the math-physical formulae of Special Theory of Relativity(STR) and General Theory of Relativity(GTR)，deduced in Min.ST, should be tested and verified, and thereby correctly physically interpreted. Lorentz Transformation, defined in Min.ST, is actually Identical Transformation which is just only available for fibre-glass light propagation. Galilean-[] Transformation, defined in Gal.ST, is suitable for all-around light propagation with Doppler’s Effect.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[3] viXra:2303.0013 [pdf] submitted on 2023-03-02 01:52:44
Authors: Richard Dvorsky
Comments: 13 Pages.
Another cosmological redshift mechanism could exist in general relativity, as is differences in the global metric field gμν between the radiation source in the past, and the observer in the present, known as gravitational redshift in massive stars. In this paper, we present a fully conformal global metric model with time scaling that would lead to the above alternative interpretation of the cosmological redshift. It is based on a relatively simple global solution of Einstein's gravitational equations without the cosmological term, and the analysis also shows other interesting astrophysical implications. The model naturally solves the problem of critical density and spatial flatness, as well as the problem of cosmological redshift in the spectra of distant astrophysical sources, and the problem of Olbers' and Seeliger's paradox. At the same time, it replaces the strict causal horizon principle with a much softer formulation-the region of the practically observable universe. Confrontation with astrophysical data provides interesting agreement with the spatial distribution of astrophysical radiation sources such as γ-ray bursts and quasars. However, probably the most important consequence is the new, generalized formulation of Hubble's law z(r) = (exp(Hr/c)-1), which shows good agreement R 2 ≈ 0.9824 with experimental data even for very distant sources. The paper also physically justifies in principle the modification of Newton's law of gravity for infinite space proposed by Seeliger. The modifying exponential term exp(-Hr/c) is uniquely quantified by the Hubble parameter and the speed of light.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[2] viXra:2303.0011 [pdf] replaced on 2023-10-11 20:09:51
Authors: Richard Michael Blaber
Comments: 12 Pages. Creative Commons License, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.
On the assumption of black-hole cosmology, it is straightforward to calculate the mass of the observable Universe on the basis of its age. It will be shown here that this calculation is in agreement with one based on a relationship between fundamental physical constants, providing strong support for black-hole cosmology.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[1] viXra:2303.0002 [pdf] replaced on 2023-11-10 04:53:07
Authors: John Malcolm Newell
Comments: 2 Pages.
Einstein's 1905 formulation of special relativity may in actuality describe a complex relationship between the proper time of the observer and the proper time of an object with relative velocity. If y = (1 - x^2)^0.5 is a complex number even when x < 1 does it not follow that t' = t (1 - v^2 / c^2)^0.5 is a relationship between t' and t the nature of which requires us, in the name of diligence, to examine the possibility that no energy is contained by quanta during their transmission because the proper time interval for a quanta, between its emission and its absorption, may be zero.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
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