| viXra.org > Relativity and Cosmology > 2602 |
 |
 |
| viXra.org > Relativity and Cosmology > 2602 |
|
|
[19] viXra:2602.0158 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-27 08:35:04
Authors: René Friedrich
Comments: 5 Pages.
Time is not absolute but observer-dependent: This groundbreaking revelation by Einstein in 1905 has the potential to settle the famous disagreement between external observer Bob and infalling observer Alice:At first sight, the fact that Alice reaches the event horizon of a black hole within finite proper time prevails over Bob's "mere" observation that infalling matter does never reach the horizon.However, all external observers (even including Alice who is an external observer, too, before reaching the horizon) agree without exception that the horizon represents the ultimate simultaneity line (t = infinity), the temporal border of the spacetime manifold. Since spacetime is observer-dependent and thereby mere observation, this "concordant observation shared by all observers of the universe of spacetime" is perfectly adapted for determining extent and boundaries of spacetime.As a result, there can't exist any spacetime beyond observation, and when Alice - subject to infinite gravitational time dilation - reaches the event horizon, she is leaving our observer-dependent spacetime manifold. Consequently, the mass of a Schwarzschild black hole is not located inside the horizon but outside, in the approximate form of a nearby membrane, avoiding the unsolvable dilemma of a central spacetime singularity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[18] viXra:2602.0151 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-27 01:03:26
Authors: Vito Uni
Comments: 12 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
We present Hierarchical Geometric Cosmology (HGC v3.0), a framework that addresses three of the deepest open problems in modern cosmology — the cosmological constant, the nature of dark matter, and the matter-antimatter asymmetry — within a single geometric structure. The central premise is that our universe occupies the interior of a rotating black hole embedded in a parent spacetime governed by Einstein-Cartan theory, which extends General Relativity by incorporating the spin of matter as a source of spacetime torsion.The cosmological constant emerges naturally from the Israel-Darmois junction conditions at the black hole horizon, yielding Λ_eff = ζ Φ(a*)/R_s², where R_s is the Schwarzschild radius of the parent black hole and Φ(a*) encodes the spin contribution. With R_s ~ R_H, this produces the observed order of magnitude (10u207bu2075² mu207b²) without fine-tuning, resolving the 120-order-of-magnitude discrepancy with quantum field theory predictions.The Big Bang singularity is replaced by a torsion-induced bounce at the Cartan density ρ_C ~ 10u2076u2076 kg/m³, a semiclassical process some 30 orders of magnitude below the Planck scale. Numerical integration of the Kantowski-Sachs equations through the bounce shows that all initial conditions converge to an isotropic FRW universe with f_iso = 0.334 ± 0.001, independent of initial anisotropy.Dark matter halos are replaced by a gravitational shadowing potential derived from Regge-Wheeler/Zerilli tidal perturbation theory, with a characteristic scale r_c = R_s/√6. This model is tested against the full SPARC database of 175 disk galaxies, achieving a median χ²_r = 2.09 and performing comparably to NFW dark matter profiles (49 vs. 59 galaxy wins). The critical observational distinction lies at scales R > 2 Mpc, where shadowing predicts 5—15% suppression in weak gravitational lensing relative to NFW — a test accessible to Euclid and LSST.For baryogenesis, the cubic torsion term in the Dirac equation produces a mass asymmetry between matter and antimatter. We report honestly that the perturbative calculation yields δM/m ~ 10u207bu2076u2076 at the electroweak scale, far below the observed baryon asymmetry η_B ~ 6 × 10u207b¹u2070. We identify non-perturbative torsion effects near the Cartan density as the most plausible resolution and retain this as an open theoretical direction.Three primary open problems are explicitly identified: (i) the parameter ζ is geometrically motivated but not fully derived from first principles, with a factor ~4 gap remaining; (ii) HGC and NFW are statistically indistinguishable at the rotation curve level; (iii) torsion baryogenesis is qualitatively valid but quantitatively insufficient in the perturbative regime. Seven falsifiable predictions are presented for LiteBIRD, Euclid, LISA, DESI, CERN ALPHA/BASE, and JWST.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[17] viXra:2602.0148 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-25 11:40:51
Authors: Gianluca Perniciano
Comments: 7 Pages.
Building on the article [16] where a superluminal Alcubierre propulsion system with positiveenergy density and positive energy is possible as an improvement over [16], we make a smallmodification to have a positive energy and positive energy density for a curvature bubble of genericradius R and introduce a way to arbitrarily reduce such energy sources in the warped region,.Wecompute the remaining components of the Einstein tensor, which we find to be only partiallypositive; however, the WEC, DEC, and apparently the SEC are satisfied [20]. This implies a warpdrive without exotic matter, but rather a form of asymmetric ordinary matter.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[16] viXra:2602.0147 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-25 12:57:19
Authors: Yi-Liu Fan
Comments: 2 Pages.
The paper discusses the "time paradox" and the "mass paradox" of "twin paradox" in the Special Theory of Relativity. The research discovers that the space-time outside a kinetic star shows a double structure.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[15] viXra:2602.0142 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-24 12:11:38
Authors: Sergey G. Fedosin
Comments: 57 Pages.
Physical quantities in continuously distributed matter in curved spacetime, and equations for matter and fields are considered both from the point of view of tensor theory of gravitation and on the basis of vector theory of gravitation. An example in the first case is the general theory of relativity (GTR), which uses a scalar pressure field and a scalar acceleration field. In the second case, relativistic vector fields are taken into account, including the covariant theory of gravitation, the pressure vector field and the acceleration vector field. To analyze and compare the results in each approach, formulas derived from the principle of least action and from the corresponding Lagrangian are used. The problem of correlating scalar pressure with the principle of least action in the general relativity is considered. The conclusion is drawn that results of the general relativity, when scalar pressure is taken into account, are valid for relativistic uniform systems, but in a more general case, they require correction. Three versions of general relativity were analyzed: GTR1, GTR2 and GTRm. The GTR1 version is the closest version to the standard general theory of relativity, the GTR2 version follows exactly the principle of least action, and the GTRm version is characterized by the fact that the acceleration field and pressure field are represented not as scalar fields but as vector fields. Equations for metric, equations of motion, equations for fields, formulas for the energy and momentum, which follow from the Lagrangian formalism, are presented for all versions of general relativity. An explanation is given of where dark energy comes from and what it is within general relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[14] viXra:2602.0138 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-23 19:51:32
Authors: ZhengMing Yin
Comments: 7 Pages.
The Around- The- World Atomic Clocks experiment paper published in the 1972 American Science Journal contains many conceptual errors. Thank you very much for the brave experiments of 2 American scientists J.C. Hafele and Richard E. Keating, because their experiments brought new scientific thinking. Einstein proposed the Relativity time dilation, He should first define the concept and definition of time, But there is not these contents in the theory of elativity.。Thesis of losing conceptual and definitional constraints，it's just a science fiction, not the theoretical system. The concept and definition of time have been usefully explored by the author and will be presented in separate articles. This paper deals only with issues related to the Around- The- World Atomic Clocks experiment by American scientists J.C. Hafele and Richard E. Keating.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[13] viXra:2602.0099 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-19 10:07:06
Authors: Grigol Keshelava
Comments: 19 Pages.
This study proposes a refined hypothesis on the stepwise emergence of spacetime dimensions from a zero-dimensional (0D) singularity within the Big Bang framework, integrating insights from emergent cosmology, quantum gravity, and stochastic dynamics. Building on prior theoretical developments such as loop quantum gravity and matrix theory, the model posits a sequential dimensional activation: 0D (singularity) → one-dimensional (1D; time, enabling causality) → two-dimensional (2D; light, activating electromagnetic fields) → three-dimensional (3D; space, facilitating cosmic expansion). This phenomenological approach offers a novel pathway toward reconciling quantum mechanics and general relativity, circumventing classical singularities through emergent, temperature-dependent transitions governed by effective Lagrangians and stochastic relaxation. By examining the pre-geometric 0D phase, the 1D temporal scaffold, the 2D wave-like behavior of light, and the full 3D spatial regime, the hypothesis provides a comprehensive framework for early-Universe evolution. Its implications extend to black holes, Big Crunch scenarios, and observational tests via cosmic microwave background (CMB), gravitational wave (GW), and Big Bang nucleosynthesis data, challenging unified 4D spacetime paradigms while aligning with holographic dualities and entanglement-based geometries.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[12] viXra:2602.0097 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-19 12:29:13
Authors: Christopher R. Brown
Comments: 5 Pages.
General relativity is a constrained theory built upon a handful of postulates including general covariance, diffeomorphism invariance, and the relational character of spacetime. These postulates are not optional features. They are the structural commitments that give general relativity physical meaning. When these commitments are enforced exactly, without supplementary assumptions, the theory selects a unique static geometry governed by a single measured scale. This geometry reproduces the linear Hubble law, the nonlinear curvature of the Type~Ia supernova distance modulus, and the CMB monopole temperature, without a cosmological constant and without dark energy. The geometry predicts zero redshift drift. Any expanding model predicts nonzero drift. The ELT-ANDES measurement is a clean, binary test.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[11] viXra:2602.0080 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-13 21:00:22
Authors: Charles Opoku
Comments: 16 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
This paper presents the results of the application of the 3.998D Manifold Framework, a geometric theory that posits all physical phenomena emerge from a scalar field (ϕ-Field) within a space of spectral dimension d_s=3.998 and a dimensional deficit of δ=0.002. Unlike standard cosmological models that require Dark Matter and Dark Energy to resolve dynamic anomalies, this framework introduces a single density-dependent mechanism governed by a manifold stiffness constant (β_eff ≈ 5.01). The proposed Framework further demonstrate that this constant is the geometric reciprocal of a 13.4% metric compaction, providing a structural bridge that unifies subatomic bond tension with galactic dynamics. Analysis shows that this geometric constraint successfully unifies physics across subatomic, galactic, and cosmic scales. Statistical modelling of galactic rotation curves for the Milky Way, Andromeda (M31), Triangulum (M33), UGC 128, and NGC 2403, demonstrates that the framework’s saturation mechanism replaces the need for invisible mass, achieving statistically significant improvements over Newtonian predictions while recovering standard gravity in high-density solar systems.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[10] viXra:2602.0077 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-15 02:38:53
Authors: Yogan Rameg
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite listed scientific references and submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org) Copyright © 2026 by the author(s), all rights reserved.
I present Spacetime Theory, a unified framework that reinterprets the vacuum not as a staticgeometric manifold, but as a dynamic Superfluid Active Nematic Lattice. By adopting a"Spacetime-First" approach, we demonstrate that General Relativity and Quantum Mechanicsemerge as macroscopic and microscopic limits of substrate hydrodynamics. Gravity is derivedas the convective acceleration of a superfluid inflow, while matter is identified as localized,phase-locked standing waves ( -resonances). We provide a first-principles derivation of thegravitational constant , the speed of light , and a mechanical solution to the Michelson-Morley null result through wave-structure deformation. This deterministic model replaces probabilistic "dice-throwing" with geometric resonance within a lattice under 10^35 Pa of hydrostatic pressure.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[9] viXra:2602.0072 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-12 19:22:26
Authors: Markus Schönlinner
Comments: 9 Pages.
One of the greatest challenges of the Standard Model is the question of the structure formation in the early universe. From the currently widely accepted way of temporal evolution ofthe scale factor follows, that the structure formation by gravitational forces seems not possible without additional assumptions and only with the help of Dark Matter. The theory of variable speed of light, however, suggests a linear progression of the scale factor. This corresponds to the model of the "empty universe". A linear evolution of the scale factor is compatible with the observations. It is investigated, which consequences a linear evolution of the scale factor has on the structure formation and this is compared to the classical derivation.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[8] viXra:2602.0069 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-11 20:34:47
Authors: Petr Kunčík
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)
This work presents an alternative interpretation of kinematic phenomena currently attributed to time dilation and spacetime curvature. Based on mechanical experiments involving impulse duality (Primary and Secondary), it demonstrates that the addition of the speed of light to the speed of its source in absolute space is not only logically possible but essential for the correct interpretation of physical reality.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[7] viXra:2602.0067 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-09 07:14:57
Authors: Yvan Raverdy
Comments: 3 Pages.
This title expresses an incompatibility, within the standard model of cosmology, between measurements of the Hubble constant from the CMB and those from the Red Shift. We had previously proposed a new concept called the" Intrinsic Space" [1]; a fictitious Universe whose energy is only one of the void, which exclude masses and radiations. In this article, we compare the evolution over time of the radius of the Universe, as analyzed in [2], between the real Space and this fictitious Space to calculate the Hubble constant in both cases. Thus we propose a solution to the problem .
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[6] viXra:2602.0061 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-08 20:01:43
Authors: Samuel Krieger Bonini
Comments: 15 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
This paper introduces the Cyclic Cosmology with Informational Inheritance (CCHI), a theoretical framework proposing that the universe undergoes repeated cycles of expansion and contraction mediated by a quantum bounce, during which statistical information about the pre-bounce matter distribution survives into subsequent cycles, encoded in the post-bounce perturbation spectrum. Built upon Loop Quantum Cosmology (LQC), the framework presents three original contributions: (i) a master equation governing the cyclic evolution of the primordial power spectrum via Bogoliubov transfer coefficients, which admits a stabilized fixed point whose resonant peaks nucleate Primordial Black Holes (PBHs); (ii) a derivation of Entropic Time Dynamics (ETD) from the effective LQC metric, identifying the chrono-entropic coupling Γ(ρ) = 1 − ρ/ρ_c = g_00^(eff) with no free parameters; and (iii) a unified mechanism connecting gravitational baryogenesis, PBH dark matter in the asteroidal mass window, and the seeding of supermassive black holes observed by JWST at z > 10. The framework yields falsifiable predictions for CMB-S4, LiteBIRD, the Roman Space Telescope, and LVK O4/O5, and addresses the cyclic entropy problem through the distinction between thermodynamic entropy (diluted each cycle) and entanglement entropy (transferred as low-entropy correlations).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[5] viXra:2602.0034 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-05 20:25:20
Authors: Guanghui Xie
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references written by other scholars))
The time dilation factor in special relativity is an algebraic expression derived through mathematical deduction based on the principle of the constancy of the speed of light and the principle of special relativity. This expression quantitatively describes the functional relationship between the velocity of motion and the change in time. In this paper, Building upon classical physical theories and taking as a premise that the speed of information propagation equals the speed of light, through theoretical derivation, The algebraic expression of the time dilation factor in special relativity is also derived. And within the framework of classical physics, it clarifies the physical meaning of this time dilation factor, theoretically explains why it lacks a contraction function, and provides a new pathway for further research into the theory of temporal relativity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4] viXra:2602.0026 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-04 23:28:59
Authors: Vipin Choudhary
Comments: 9 Pages.
Time Dilation is the difference in the amount of time two clocks measure in the same inertial frame. Many studies have explored the relativity of time dilation using various approaches. However, the scientific and mathematical explanation of time dilation of moving things and light pulse clocks still has limited research. Therefore, this article examines relativity by utilizing scientific and mathematical approaches, the experience of moving things and light pulse clock ticks have been examined. The study revealed that the time elapsed for the same process is different for the different observers. Here, it showed that the time can be expressed in the form of a wave. In addition, the relative distance changes between the observers, and the observing subject time flows differently for the observer relative to the observing subject.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[3] viXra:2602.0023 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-04 12:10:06
Authors: Antonio León Sánchez
Comments: 2 Pages.
An impossible relativistic rest on an inclined plane is used here to demonstrate in a very simple and concise way that the theory of special relativity is formally inconsistent, with the second of its fundamental principles being the cause of its formal inconsistency.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[2] viXra:2602.0013 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-02 12:00:52
Authors: Xiaogang Ruan
Comments: 16 Pages.
The theory of Observational Relativity (OR) as a new theory of physics is repored in the form of serial reports in F1000Research. Now, OR Serial Report 4 focuses on re-examining Einstein's prediction on Mercury's perihelion precession from the perspective of OR. In 1916, from general relativity, Einstein derived an equation of planetary motion. Unlike Newton's, Einstein's equation of planetary motion has an additional orbital-precession item based on which Einstein made the famous prediction: Mercury's perihelion precesses by 43.03 arcsec every 100 Earth Years. Einstein's 43.03 arcsec seems to exactly match the 43.11 arcsec left in the history data of Mercury that has not yet found a definite reason. This was an early successful case of Einstein's theory of general theory. The theory of OR has also deduced an equation of planetary motion that also has an additional orbital-precession item. The theory of OR discoveries that such orbital precession purely depends on the speeds of the information waves of observation agents, and that Einstein's orbital-precession item observed with the optical agent is just a special case of the OR orbital-precession item. This fact indicates that Einstein's orbital-precession item does not represent the objective and real precession of planetary orbits. As a matter of fact, Einstein's prediction on Mercury's perihelion precession is a sort of observational effect and apparent phenomenon caused by the observational locality of the optical agent, rather than the objectively real physical existence.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[1] viXra:2602.0003 [pdf] submitted on 2026-02-01 01:27:18
Authors: Miroslav Pardy
Comments: 9 Pages. Original article
We consider the simple derivation of the Einstein equations. Then, we consider motion of a particle in the non-inertial system and motion of a particlein gravitational eld. In case of the constant gravitational eld we transform the Einstein equations to the Newtonian form of motion of a particle in gravity and derive potential and the Coriolis force generating by the constant gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
| Third-Party Links: |
|