Relativity and Cosmology

A One-Way Relativistic Decay-Clock Test of Kinetic Preferred-Frame Time Dilation

Authors: Jayanta Majumder, Sambuddha Majumder
Comments: 11 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

A recently proposed kinetic route to the Lorentz transform models an elementary particle as a closed lightlike intrinsic motion whose internal cycle is reallocated, under bodily translation, between intrinsic circulation and spatial advance. The construction recovers the usual time-dilation law and the Lorentz boost as a hyperbolic state map, while allowing a physical ``special'' frame in which the intrinsic tick count and the external time parameter coincide. In such a framework, ordinary closed-path clock tests are not necessarily the most sensitive probes of the special frame, because the leading directional term proportional to $Ucdotvvec$ cancels when the transported clock returns to its starting point. This paper develops a sharper null test: a one-way lifetime anisotropy measurement using unstable relativistic particles as intrinsic clocks. If a laboratory has special-frame velocity $U$ and an unstable particle beam of speed $u=beta c$ is sent along direction $$, the strong preferred-frame reading of the kinetic model predicts, to leading order,begin{equation*} tau_{m lab}() simeq gamma_u tau_0 left(1 + betafrac{Ucdot}{c}ight),end{equation*}whereas standard special relativity predicts $tau_{m lab}=gamma_utau_0$ independent of absolute orientation. Antiparallel one-way beams would therefore exhibit a fractional lifetime asymmetrybegin{equation*} frac{tau_{+}-tau_{-}}{(tau_{+}+tau_{-})/2} simeq 2betafrac{Ucdot}{c}.end{equation*}For a candidate $|U|simSI{369}{km.s^{-1}}$, as suggested by the CMB dipole scale, the maximal signal for relativistic beams is of order $2.5times 10^{-3}$, far larger than the fourth-order residuals expected in closed transport tests. The decisive experimental signature is an antiparallel lifetime or decay-length asymmetry with sidereal modulation as the Earth rotates the beam axis relative to the putative preferred-frame vector. The proposal is framed as a falsifiable extension of the kinetic model: a null result would strongly constrain the strong preferred-frame interpretation rather than merely refine an existing relativistic clock test.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

False Equivalence of Accelerating Rocket and Gravity Pull on Elevator

Authors: Carl Littmann
Comments: 6 Pages.

Gravity bends a light beam more than a particle beam. We show how elevator occupants can use that fact to determine whether the forces they feel are caused by a gravitational or non-gravitational acceleration. I.e., although that capability supposedly violates the ‘Equivalence principle’ of ‘General Relativity’. Einstein imagined "the experiences of occupants in a windowless chamber, in deep, isolated space" as it was ‘accelerated upward’ by a pulling. And claimed ‘Equivalent’ (identical) feelings and test results would arise for occupants in a non-moving elevator on our gravitational earth.[1] Yet, let us imagine that a photon and an ultra-high-speed particle are launched at the same time from an internal wall of an elevator; then they go through two adjacent pin-holes, and finally hit the opposite wall. But surprisingly, they do not hit the same spot - because the gravity bends photons twice as much as a particle beam.[2] So we discuss that violation of ‘Equivalence in Relativity’ and its broad implications, in this article.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Quasinormal Modes of Black Holes in Finsler-modified Gravity

Authors: Holger A.W. Döring
Comments: 5 Pages.

Investigated is the ringdown phase of black holes within a modified gravitational framework that includes a weak Finsler coupling (a) , a quadratic curvature correction (b) and a dynamical timelike vector field (u^μ). Using analytical approximations and dicussing numerical simulations, there is shown, that quasinormal modes (QNM) are slightly shifted and anisotropically modulated. Residuals against standard Kerr fits are calculated, and observational constraints from LIGO, Virgo, pulsar timing, and atomic clocks are analyzed. Found is, that current gravitationalwave detectors constrain (a≾10 −3 ), while next-generation detectors (Einstein Telescope, LISA) could probe (a∼10 −12 −10 −8 ). Quadratic curvature corrections remain unobservable at thePlanck scale. The given results highlight characteristic signatures of Finsler-modified gravity in black hole ringdowns.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Variable Mass Theory and Gravitational Paradoxes

Authors: Han de Bruijn
Comments: 10 Pages.

Essential reading is the first article in the series, which is about Atomic Time, Orbital Time and the Variable Mass Theory. It has been shown in this article that General Relativity (GR) can be effectively replaced by Variable Mass (VM) in a Static Euclidean Universe (SEU), which is eternal in Atomic time and has moments of creation (i.e. one or more beginnings) in Orbital time.
The cosmological redshift is intrinsic: it only depends on variable (elementary particle rest) mass. Because that is where the VM theory has been designed for.
A convenient consequence is that Newton's theory is good enough for describing gravity at a cosmic scale. It is demonstrated that the latter, when combined with the Variable Mass hypothesis, solves for Gravitational Paradoxes.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Infinite Dynamo Cosmological Model: Unifying Non-Linear Born-Infeld Electrodynamics with Holographic Saturation Bounds and Fibonacci Informational Structures

Authors: Dan Aurelian Ivan
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: There is overlap of equations; please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

We present an alternative cyclic cosmological model, termed the "Infinite Dynamo,"wherein the initial Big Bang singularity is systematically avoided via a smooth bounce governed by non-linear electrodynamics and topological informational mechanisms. We mathematically demonstrate that a global geometric contraction of the metric can optically mimic an accelerated expansion for a local observer, conditioned by the temporal evolution of anactive cosmic web optical medium. At extreme densities, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD)induction triggers exponential pair production from the vacuum via a coupled Schwingermechanism. By deploying a Born-Infeld formalism structurally modified by the GoldenRatio (), we show that the effective electromagnetic pressure becomes asymptotically negative, driving a mechanical bounce at a non-zero minimum radius (amin). This inflectionpoint is stabilized and protected by the Holographic Principle, preventing loss of unitarity and conserving the universal informational states of consciousness encoded within cosmic skyrmions. Finally, we formulate four testable empirical predictions for modern astrophysics and high-power laser facilities.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Exact Solution to Einstein's Field Equation

Authors: Antonio Jose Mejias Marquina
Comments: 3 Pages.

In this work, Einstein's field equation will be solved by removing the framework of tensor analysis.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

How Time Dilation's ‘Antigravity’ Effects Impact the Expanding Universe

Authors: Jonathan J. Dickau, Steven K. Kauffmann, Stanley L. Robertson
Comments: 11 Pages. Essay written for the Gravity Research Foundation 2026 Awards for Essays on Gravitation.

We outline how the cosmos’ accelerating expansion, diminishing over time, can be explained using the 1915-16 Einstein/Schwarzschild metric in the geodesic equation without requiring Dark Energy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Horizons in Both Original and Symmetric Natario Warp Drives Using Two Parallel and Alternative Adm-MTW-Alcubierre Formalisms

Authors: Fernando Loup
Comments: 55 Pages. complements the developments of viXra:2509.0064 and viXra:2605.0014

In 1994 Alcubierre developed the first warp drive theory using the original 3+1 ADM-MTW formalism. The original ADM-MTW formalism (Arnowitt-Dresner-Misner) (Misner-Thorne-Wheeler) uses both contravariant and covariant shift vector components in its mathematical structure.It possesses mixed shift vector components. Seven years later in 2001 the same original 3+1 ADM-MTW formalism appeared in the first part of the second warp driven theory developed by Natario.(The second part of Natario theory uses the Hodge Star). In this work we present two new 3+1 ADM-MTW formalisms: One is the parallel contravariant in which all the shift vector components in its mathematical structure are completely contravariant and the other one is the parallel covariant in which all the shift vector components in its mathematical structure are completely covariant. We describe both the original and symmetric Natario warp drive vectors using the mathematical techniques of these parallel formalisms. We focused ourselves in the 3D spherical coordinates for variable speeds. Remember that a real spaceship is a 3D object inserted inside a real 3D spacetime. Also a real warp drive must accelerate and de-accelerate. One the major drawbacks concerning warp drives is the problem of the Horizons(causally disconnected portions of spacetime) in which an observer in the center of the bubble cannot signal nor control the front part of the bubble. The behavior of a photon sent to the front of the warp bubble in the case of the original and symmetric Natario warp drive vectors with variable speeds and a lapse function was also one of the main purposes of this work. We presented the behavior of a photon sent to the front of the bubble in the original and symmetric Natario warp drive vectors with the lapse function in these new parallel 3+1 ADM-MTW formalisms using quadratic forms and the null-like geodesics $ds^2=0$ of General Relativity and we provided here the step by step mathematical calculations in order to outline the final results found in our work which are the following ones: For the case of the lapse function or the 3+1 spacetime in these parallel ADM-MTW formalisms the Horizon do not exists at all. Due to the extra terms in the lapse function or the presence of the 3D dimensions that affects the whole spacetime geometry these solutions allows to circumvent the problem of the Horizon.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

From Rényi Entropy to General Relativity

Authors: Ervin Goldfain
Comments: 17 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Further repetition may not be accepted)

In this sequel to [4-6], we argue that the equations of General Relativity (GR) follow from constrained maximization of Rényi Entropy. This finding is entirely consistent with our earlier derivation of Feynman’s Path Integrals from constrained maximization of Rényi Entropy. An unforeseen conclusion is that three fundamental constants of Nature, (Planck’s, Newton’s and cosmological constants) emerge as Lagrange multipliers of the maximization procedure.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

About Photons and Anti-Photons

Authors: Paul R. Gerber
Comments: 4 Pages.

It is argued that photons and anti-photons are different entities in the sense that they react oppositely to a gravitational field. Explicitly, photons experience a redshift when moving away from a star, and are further red-shifted when moving towards a (supposed) anti-matter star. Analogously, anti-photons gain energy when moving towards a matter-star. However, we are unable to see anti-photons, and thus, cannot observe possible galaxies that are built up of antimatter and shine in anti-light. The ensuing consequence is, that we observe that about half the volume of the universe is not populated by stars, but consist of so-called voids. But, in fact, these voids must contain an equivalent population of anti-stars which consist of anti-matter and, thus, shine by emitting anti-photons which are invisible to us.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Mistaken Assumption of a Lorentzian Spacetime Manifold in Quantum Gravity

Authors: René Friedrich
Comments: 4 Pages.

Current theories of quantum gravity are based on the assumption of a Lorentzian (pseudo-Riemannian) spacetime manifold. However, incredibly, this assumption proves to be a 100-year-old optical illusion, an impossible object: Light rays and light cones in a spacetime manifold confirm its Euclidean metric, because if it were Lorentzian, the length of lightlike phenomena would be reduced to zero. Starting from the observer-dependent Euclidean spacetime, the invariant Lorentzian metric may be retrieved by calculation, however, the Lorentzian metric does not in any way parameterize the spacetime manifold, but only its worldlines and fields. - These concerns have been known informally for nearly ten years (viXra:1612.0056), but they have been disregarded by official research. As a non-physicist, the author argues that the assumption of Lorentzian spacetime manifold should be reviewed by professional physicists on the basis of the objections raised, because in case of their confirmation, this could possibly pave the way to quantum gravity.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Twin Paradox with Symmetric Acceleration

Authors: Yannan Yang
Comments: 4 Pages.

Conventional treatments of the twin paradox in special relativity typically employ an asymmetric setup: one twin at rest in an inertial frame, the other twin undergoing accelerated space travel. The standard resolution attributes the younger age of the traveling twin to the breaking of inertial symmetry via acceleration, often invoking general relativity for a complete account. This paper presents a modified thought experiment in which both twins execute symmetric, oppositely directed relativistic journeys with identical acceleration profiles. We show that the paradox persists even under full general—relativistic treatment, because acceleration effects remain symmetric. Furthermore, we introduce a gedanken experiment involving rod—clocks with lengths perpendicular to the direction of relative motion, linking time dilation to transverse length observation. This configuration yields an independent, logically irreconcilable contradiction: each observer must simultaneously judge the other’s clock as longer and capable of leaving a physical scratch, creating an unambiguous inconsistency that cannot be eliminated by frame transformations.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

An Inconsistency in Birkhoff's Theorem re Spherical Shells

Authors: Jeff Sorensen
Comments: 7 Pages.

According to Birkhoff's theorem the interior and exterior vacuum intervals for a spherically symmetric shell are the flat Minkowski metric and the static Schwarzschild solution respectively. Although these results are generally accepted individually, they should be considered in conjunction with each other. Here we examine the junction of the interior and exterior vacuum intervals across a thin spherical shell. The results show Birkhoff's theorem is not self consistent. The interior interval cannot be the Minkowski metric and, for a non-static shell, the overall solution cannot be static. As such, Birkhoff's theorem should not be relied upon as a basis for determining the properties of a given space-time.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Einstein-Cartan Cosmology and the Matter Kinematic Dipole Anomaly

Authors: Davor Palle
Comments: 8 Pages.

The recent precise measurements of the kinematic dipole of radio galaxies and quasarsreveal that its magnitude is much larger than the CMB dipole and the expectationfrom the standard LCDM cosmological model.We show that the Einstein-Cartan cosmology predicts the matter dipole in accordancewith the observations. The reason for the discrepancy between the predictions ofthe LCDM model based on the General Relativity and the Einstein-Cartan cosmologylies on the fact that the massless CMB photons, unlike the massive CDM, baryonsand light neutrinos consisting the matter of the Universe, do not couple to torsionof spacetime.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Dynamic Gravitational Field and Its Attributes

Authors: Pavlo Danylchenko
Comments: 20 Pages. Updated equations, and references

The correspondence of the parameter b of the Schwarzschild solution of the gravitational field equationsto the square of the relative frequency of electromagnetic interaction of micro-objects of a stationarymatter and its equivalence to the square of the maximum possible (limit) velocity of this matter on asingular surface are substantiated. The error in linking the parameter b with the coordinate velocity oflight of the General Relativity (GR) has been exposed. It has been proven that GR can correspond toreality only if it uses a dynamic gravitational field, which ensures the invariance of the flow of the propertime of matter during its inertial motion, instead of a static one. The necessity of using in physics ofrelativistically invariant Newtonians of the free inert rest energy of matter and Keplerians of the ordinaryrest energy of matter, respectively, instead of relativistically non-invariant Hamiltonians and Lagrangians,has been justified. It has been proven that the thing inherent to the Lorentz transformations is not theredshift, but the blueshift of the frequency of centripetal radiation from matter that is at rest in thepeople’s world and is evolutionarily self-contracting in the frame of references of spatial coordinate andtime comoving with the expanding Universe (CFREU). The suitability of Lorentz transformations for thepeople’s world is justified only for the quasi-equilibrium motion of micro-objects of gradually coolingmatter. Ordinary synchronization-compensation transformations of increments of spatial coordinate andtime (OSCT) are provided. They, unlike Lorentz transformations, allow proportional synchronization ofall clocks moving in a gravitational field by inertia and provide compensation (by the motion by inertia)of the concomitant change in the gravitational deceleration of the flow of time counted by these movingclocks. The redshift of the frequency of radiation from distant galaxies that are at rest in the CFREU isindeed inherent exactly to OSCT. And this is in good agreement not only with relativistically invariantthermodynamics, but also with the equations of the dynamic gravitational field of both the Solar Systemand flat galaxies. Newton’s law of gravity is obtained directly from the condition of no change in the flowof the proper time of matter during its inertial motion in a gravitational field. The fallacy of ignoring thecompensation for comoving changes in gravitational dilation of time by the inertial motion of matter ismost thoroughly substantiated. Based on the analysis of the motion of the planets, the compensation bythe centrifugal pseudo-force of inertia not only of the gravitational pseudo-force, but also of the pseudoforceof evolutionary self-contraction of the matter to the center of gravity is confirmed.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

An Alternative to Light's Limiting Speed

Authors: Ken Gonder
Comments: 10 Pages, 1 Diagram

Another perplexing dilemma in special relativity has recently emerged. Under ordinary conditions, multiple objects/reference frames with different relative motion would cause an unresolvable conflict in their motion-created mass. This article elaborates on the finding, suggesting an explanation for the disparity while providing a realistic resolution.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Speed Limit for a Rotating Object

Authors: Yannan Yang
Comments: 4 Pages.

This paper presents a new kinematic analysis of relativistic rotating objects within the framework of special relativity. By examining the Lorentz contraction of concentric circumferences on a spinning disk, we show that when the edge speed approaches the speed of light, the outer circumference may paradoxically become shorter than the inner one. To eliminate this geometric inconsistency, we derive a strict upper speed limit for rotating bodies: the linear velocity of any point must not exceed the speed of light divided by the square root of 2. This constraint arises purely from special relativistic kinematics, independent of material strength or mechanical properties, offering a novel resolution to the Ehrenfest paradox complementary to existing approaches.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Horizons in a 3D Alternative and Symmetric Natario Warp Drive Vector Using the Adm-MTW-Alcubierre Formalism

Authors: Fernando Loup
Comments: 96 Pages. complements the developments in viXra:2509.0064

The Natario warp drive appeared for the first time in 2001.Although the idea of the warp dive as a spacetime distortion that allows a spaceship to travel faster than lightpredated the Natario work by 7 years Natario introduced in 2001 the new concept of a propulsion vector to define or to generate a warp drive spacetime.Natario defined a warp drive vector for constant speeds in Polar Coordinates but remember that a real warp drive must accelerate or de-accelerate in order to beaccepted as a physical valid model so it must possesses variable speeds.We developed the extension for a symmetric alternative warpdrive vector that encompasses variable speeds. Also Polar Coordinates uses only two dimensions and we know that a real spaceship is a 3D object inserted inside a 3D warp bubble that must be defined in real 3D Spherical Coordinates.In this work we present the alternative warp drive vector in 3D Spherical Coordinates for variable speeds.One the major drawbacks concerningwarp drives is the problem of the Horizons (causally disconnected portions of spacetime) in which an observer in the center of the bubble cannot signal nor control the front part of the bubble. The behavior of a photon sent to the front of the warp bubble in the case of the alternative warp drive with variable velocity and a lapse function is also one of the main purposes of this work. We present the behavior of a photon sent to the front of the bubblein the alternative warp drive in the 3+1 spacetimes with the lapse function using quadratic forms and the null-like geodesicsds^2=0 of General Relativity and theADM (Arnowitt-Dresner-Misner) formalism equations with the approach of MTW(Misner-Thorne-Wheeler) and Alcubierre.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

An Average Loneliness Gap of 1/n Can Allow a Minimum Loneliness Gap of 1/(2n)

Authors: Deepak Ponvel Chermakani
Comments: 6 Pages. Corrected proof of Lemma 5.1. Also answered one open question of prev version.

Consider n runners R0, R1, ... Rn-1, with distinct constant integer speeds S0, S1, ... Sn-1 respectively, where S0=0, running around the circumference of a circle of unit circumferential length from arbitrary starting points at time t=0. At time t, denote gi(t) be the minimum absolute distance along the circumference of Ri from R0. We first use a result on prime numbers to obtain special cases of runners speeds, for which the Lonely Runner Conjecture (LRC) is true. We then develop an approach to the LRC that derives a time at which, some subset of the runners is placed at the extremities of arcs of sectors ensuring implicit separation from R0, while the remaining runners are directly separated from R0. We use this approach to show that in the general case for large n, there exists a time T at which, gi(T) > 1/(2n) for all integers i in [1,n-1], and (g1(T) + g2(T) + ... + gn-1(T))/(n-1) tends to 1/n.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

The Theory of Observational Relativity Serial Report 5: Is the Big Bang a Theory in Scientific Sense?

Authors: Xiaogang Ruan
Comments: 31 Pages.

The theory of Observational Relativity (OR), as a new theory of physics, reports its significant findings and new insights in the form of serial reports in F1000Research. Now, OR Serial Report 5 focuses on the Big Bang theory of modern cosmology. Human beings always believe that the universe was bestowed by the Creator: no matter time or space must have a starting point. So, cosmologists have invented the Big Bang model: the universe that human beings rely on for survival originated from a Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago. Einstein's theory of relativity is the most important theoretical basis of modern cosmology, and the invariance of light speed and the doctrine of spacetime curvature play important roles in the Big Bang theory. The Big Bang theory is not only a product of logical deduction and mathematical formulization, but also has empirical evidences such as cosmic expansion and cosmic microwave background radiation. However, the theory of OR has discovered that the speed of light is not really invariant, and spacetime is not really curved. From the broad perspective of the general observational agent, the theory of OR has clarified that Einstein's theory of relativity, including the special and the general, is that of optical observation adopting the optical agent, which has the observational locality, presenting us with only optical images of the physical world and not representing the objectively physical world. The doctrine of Big Bang, or even the entire modern cosmology, is only a mirage based on such optical images. Since the speed of light is not really invariant, the doctrine of spacetime curvature, the doctrine of cosmic expansion, and Einstein's theory of relativity, including the special and the general, cannot hold true. Can the Big Bang theory still hold up without Einstein's theory of relativity as the theoretical basis? Can the Big Bang theory still hold up without Hubble's doctrine of cosmic expansion as the empirical basis? This article has elucidated for readers from the perspectives of both science and philosophy that the doctrine of Big Bang is not only contrary to science but also contrary to philosophy.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Energy-Anti-energy,Matter-AnnihilatingMatter:FoundationalConceptReconstructionandTestableExperimentalSchemes

Authors: Jian Yang
Comments: 10 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

Based on respect for the classical physical conclusion that matter-antimatter annihilation produces photons, this paper redefines the logical boundaries of fundamental concepts such as energy-anti-energy and matter-annihilating matter. Itstrictly distinguishes between two types of physical processes: first, the traditional mass-energy conversion process when matter and antimatter meet, which leaves behind energy and photons; second, the field-configuration-annihilation process proposed herein, which after interaction completely returns to the quantum vacuum ground state, leaving no observablephysical remnants. This paper introduces two hypothetical physical entities — matter-annihilating matter and electron-annihilating electron—and clarifies their symmetric annihilation relationship. Based on the philosophy of binaryopposition and unity, a theoretical framework of Chaos Theory is constructed, proposing three core foundational rules with mathematical expressions. On this basis, two major directions are outlined: experiments feasible with current technology and research directions verifiable with future technology. A set of falsifiable scientific predictions is also proposed. All theoretical inferences are ultimately judged by physical experiments, providing a theoretical reference forfundamental physics and new physics beyond the Standard Model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

A Short Formula to Discover the Real Evolution of the Expansion of the Universe

Authors: Dino Bruniera
Comments: 4 Pages. In English and Italian (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite and list scientific references)

A short formula to find the real travel time of photons from Type Ia supernovae and, therefore, the real epoch relative to the scale factor of the expansion of the Universe, indicated by their redshift. This, thanks to the thousands of ob-servations of Type Ia supernovae of all epochs already available, would allow us to obtain a graph showing the real evolution of the expansion of the Universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Turing-Unsimulability, and Instantaneous and Sustained Cosmic-Censorship-Falsity, for Einstein-Vacuum General Relativity

Authors: Warren D. Smith
Comments: 60 Pages.

(I) We construct instantaneous counterexamples to Penrose's "cosmic censorship conjecture" (CCC) in Einstein's vacuum field equations (EVFEs) in general relativity (GR).

(II) We also construct ones that persist for a positive timespan (e.g. 1 million years). More precisely, II demonstrates either (1) the existence of a solution of EVFEs – note, no matter is involved – for a million years, throughout which there are any desired arbitrary number (including infinity as a number") of "naked" point-singularities, or(2) Einstein solutions suddenly stop existing, or(3) solutions of Einstein that ought to be well described by Newton-law dynamics, are not, or(4) "stability" of Newton law solutions does not work the way everybody thought based both on many experiments and KAM/Nekhoroshev mathematical theory.

Consequently, if Penrose's CCC is physically valid,then the reason is not Einstein gravity alone – some other physics must play a crucial role. The construction for II shows as corollaries that GR can have everywhere non-analytic metrical solutions, maximally-refuting an unfortunately-widely-believed myth; and also indicates that naked singularities arise from generic initial data – at least with some people's notions of the word "generic" (but possibly not yours).

(III) We sketch a proof of the "Turing unsimulability" of EVFEs. More precisely, either (1) the metric of spacetime time-evolves during a finite timespan (e.g. 1 year) in a manner which no Turing machine can simulate to within arbitrary user-specified accuracy bound in any finite timespan, or (cases 2, 3 basically same as in II), or (4) "chaos lifetime" in Newtonian 3-body scenarios behaves very differently than everybody had thought based on extensive experiments. It probably should be possible to get rid of case (4) via a different, chaos-avoiding, proof technique based on more-explicitly defined motions with perturbation bounds devised with computer aid – I sketch how but do not actually do this. The argument also suggests that unsimulability happens with generic initial data, at least with some people's notions of the word "generic" (but possibly not yours). All these scenarios I, II, III involve finite and bounded total mass-energy.

Crucial to I-III is the fact that the EVFEs permit storing an infinitude of information in a compact finite-volume region using finite mass-energy; and furthermore (for III) an infinitude that's dynamically relevant, i.e. changing any single bit of that information will yield an easily-observable macroscopic consequence within a fixed timespan. That mathematical fact probably is unphysical, in which case the EVFEs are not the laws of gravity in our universe, but rather only an approximation to truer (e.g. "quantum gravity") laws.

I believe case 1 is the truth in both theorems II and III; cases 2-4 were added to handle my inability to prove case 1 fully rigorously.(Theorem I, however, is fully rigorous and does not need extra cases.) Key obstacles to rigor: Humankind presently is usually unable to prove eternal existence and uniqueness of solutions to the Einstein equations; and cannot prove or disprove (for any particular N≥3) that a positive-measure set of Newton N-body solutions can exhibit "eternal chaos." And although there has been progress on problems resembling "proving stability of the solar system" for Newton N-body problems (at least in a Nekhoroshev long-time-survival sense), that progress has not yet been good enough to handle N=∞. But regardless of which cases happen, I contend theorems I, II, III signify the failure of the EVFEs as an algorithmic theory of gravitational physics. Some lessons are drawn from that, e.g. everybody trying to combine standard model with GR whilekeeping the latter nonquantum, is misguided. Also includes(a) an introduction reviewing previous works in my "computational complexity status of physics" aka "Church's thesis meets physical law X" research programme;(b) a long survey of useful facts about Newtonian N-body problems, in some respects the best currently available, and highlighting the important open question of whether a positive-measure set of "eternal chaos" N-body solutions exist.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

Some of the Biggest Problems for the Theory of Relativity

Authors: Lars Frølund Jensen
Comments: 4 Pages.

According to experts in special relativity, it is ‘mathematically self-consistent’, and therefore it should be impossible to demonstrate any inconsistency in the theory. Supposedly, only physical experiments have the possibility of disproving it! — However, I and other researchers have demonstrated several inconsistencies in both the special and general theory of relativity, and in this paper I will show examples that are so simple and clear that experts will easily be able to understand the arguments. So — unless they can demonstrate crucial errors in my argumentation — they will be able to realize that there are serious inconsistencies in the theory of relativity!
Category: Relativity and Cosmology

About Possibilities of Physical Unrealizability of Cosmological and Gravitational Singularities in General Relativity and in Relativistic Gravithermodynamics

Authors: Pavlo Danylchenko
Comments: 34 Pages.

The possibility to avoid physical realizability of cosmological singularity (singularity of Big Bang of the Universe) directly in the orthodoxal general theory of relativity (GR) and in its improved version — the relativistic gravithermodynamics (RGTD) is substantiated. This can take place in the case of counting of cosmological time in frame of reference of coordinates and time (FR) not comoving with matter, in which by the Weyl hypothesis galaxies of the expanding Universe are motionless. The absence of any limitations of the value of mass of astronomical body, which self-contracts in the comoving with expanding Universe FR (CFREU), when it has hollow topological form in the space of CFEU and mirror symmetry of its intrinsic space, is shown. Because of this symmetry, both external and internal boundary surfaces of body are observed as convex. At that, in the "turned inside out" internal part of the intrinsic space (in the Fuller-Wheeler lost antiworld) unlike external part, instead of the phenomenon of expansion phenomenon of contraction of "internal universe" is observed. And there is antimatter instead of matter in this internal part of the space. Inevitability of self-organization in physical vacuum of spiral-wave structural elements, which correspond to elementary quasiparticles, and universal electromagnetic nature of all non-fictive quasiparticles are substantiated. Ultrahigh luminosity of quasars and certain types of supernovas is caused by annihilation of matter and antimatter. It is proved that only in the case of the joint application in the Universe of a physically homogeneous exponential scale of unified gravithermodynamic time and a dynamic gravitational field, which ensure the invariance in space and time of the vacuum velocity of light and the Hubble constant, is it possible to ensure not only the general covariance of all physical laws, but also the gravitational-relativistic invariance of thermodynamic parameters and potentials of matter. Although the use in the Universe of a metrically homogeneous uniform scale of the proper time of matter and of a static gravitational field ensure the eternity of the existence of the Universe and the non-exceeding of the values of the false coordinate velocities of light of the GR by the radial velocities of distant galaxies, it does not ensure both the general covariance of all physical laws and the gravitational-relativistic invariance of thermodynamic parameters and potentials of matter.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology