Classical Physics

2505 Submissions

[9] viXra:2505.0164 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-23 08:53:19

Virgin and Under-Investigated Areas of Research in Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics

Authors: Taha Sochi
Comments: 19 Pages.

This paper is mainly about the areas of non-Newtonian fluid mechanics which are not investigated or not appropriately and sufficiently investigated. In fact, this should also include emerging areas of research in the field of non-Newtonian fluid mechanics due to new scientific and technological developments and advancements. The purpose of the paper is to highlight and draw the attention to these areas so that researchers (especially the young researchers and new-comers to research such as PhD students) invest their resources and efforts in these areas instead of investing in other areas which are previously investigated and hence they are of less priority from this aspect. Apart from the obvious benefit of "leveling up" in research, the attention to these rather neglected and non-explored areas of research can be beneficial at the scientific and individual levels since it can lead to breakthroughs and new discoveries in these areas of research by inspecting and assessing their potentials and impacts at the theoretical and practical levels and probing their beneficial applications. We will also provide a brief discussion about the possibility of introducing novel tools and methods in these areas of research (and in non-Newtonian fluid mechanics research in general) as well as highlighting some of the existing limitations of the past and current research in the field of non-Newtonian fluid mechanics (noting that this discussion should help in achieving the ultimate objective of this investigation).
Category: Classical Physics

[8] viXra:2505.0156 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-23 19:59:01

Falling Apples, Quarks, and Expanding Galaxies

Authors: Oliver R. Jovanovic
Comments: 6 Pages.

This paper derives a gravity equation from photon dynamics, offering a unified model that explains terrestrial gravity, cosmic expansion, and quark-scale interactions.
Category: Classical Physics

[7] viXra:2505.0148 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-21 05:15:55

A New Functional Relationship Applicable to High-Speed Moving Objects

Authors: Guanghui Xie
Comments: 19 Pages.

In this paper, through theoretical derivation, a functional relationship is revealed, demonstrating that the variation in time between objects in relative motion depends on both their relative velocity and the finite propagation speed of light. By applying the relationship of time change to the theory of classical mechanics, it can be concluded that the interaction force between objects are also related to the relative motion velocity. Due to the introduction of the speed of light in the formula of classical mechanical theory, the applicable scope of classical mechanics theory is effectively expanded, so that it is not only applicable to the calculation of low speed moving objects, but also to the calculation of high speed moving objects. Subsequently, through careful derivation within this new framework, several fundamental laws of classical electromagnetism were derived, the results of which strongly support the validity of the new functional relationship.
Category: Classical Physics

[6] viXra:2505.0147 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-21 19:51:29

SpaceArc: India’s Reusable Rockets Revolution for a Relativistic Future

Authors: Tanmay Mishra
Comments: 17 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)

SpaceArc is a visionary leap in aerospace engineering, merging India’s legacy of frugal innovation with cutting-edge advancements in rocket propulsion, relativistic physics, and artificial intelligence. At its core is Phoenix, a fully reusable methane-LOX launch system delivering 18,000 kg to low Earth orbit (LEO) at $1,111/kg—over 50% cheaper than SpaceX’s Falcon 9 and 95% below NASA’s SLS. Engineered with graphene composites, AI-guided navigation rooted in Einstein’s field equations, and rigorous CFD/FEA validation, Phoenix exemplifies a new era of low-cost, high-performance rocketry. This 10,000-word paper synthesizes classical rocketry, black hole orbital mechanics, and advanced economic modeling to propose a realistic roadmap for India’s space leadership by 2040, including lunar bases, Mars sample returns, and a 6G satellite constellation. Designed and authored by a 12th-grade Indian student, this work challenges the status quo of billion-dollar launches, proving that with bold ideas, rigorous science, and national vision, space is no longer the privilege of superpowers—it’s the future of all humanity.
Category: Classical Physics

[5] viXra:2505.0115 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-18 02:25:03

What Does it Mean that the Reflection Point of Point Light Source on the Mirror Can be Seen in All Directions Under the Condition of Near Total Reflection?

Authors: Xiaotao Peng
Comments: 12 Pages.

I did two optical experiments a week ago and wrote two articles: A simple experimental device to verify the nature of light and the analysis of experimental results, and the imaging experiment of point light source under the condition of total reflection and the analysis of its results. The experimental results all prove that the human eye sees a substance (luminous body) composed of atoms that is emitting light (vibrating at the frequency of visible light), rather than the so-called light itself. This experiment further verified this conclusion. I hope that qualified teachers and friends can further verify the nature of light and find out what the human eye sees on this basis.
Category: Classical Physics

[4] viXra:2505.0089 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-14 20:04:23

The Relationship Between Pivot Vectors and Rotational Quaternions

Authors: Russell P. Patera
Comments: 19 Pages.

The connection between the Pivot Vector and quaternion parameterizations of vehicle attitude transformation was investigated to enhance the understanding of each parameter set. Attitude transformations using quaternions involve special product rules for axial rotations in hypercomplex 4-dimensional space. Pivot Vectors involve slewing motion resulting in angular displacements in the 2-dimensional rotation plane. In spite of these differences, Pivot Vectors and quaternions share the same rule for combining rotational transformations and the signature half angle rotation parameter. The Pivot Vector Method defines an attitude transformation by the slewing motion of an axis extending from the center of a unit sphere to its surface. Two Pivot Vectors that also reside in the equatorial plane drive the axis along a portion of a great circle arc in the equatorial plane. A 180 degree rotation about the first Pivot Vector followed by a 180 degree rotation about the second Pivot Vector slews the axis by twice the angular separation between the Pivot Vectors. This explains why the angle between Pivot Vectors is one half the desired rotation angle. The slewing motion of the axis in the equatorial plane produces a rotation about the sphere’s polar axis that applies to all points on the spherical surface, thereby, changing the longitude of each point on the surface while leaving the associated latitude value unchanged. This feature clearly shows that rotations are 2-dimensional. Two sequential transformations are combined by aligning the second Pivot Vector of the first transformation with the first Pivot Vector of the second transformation, even if the Pivot Vector pairs lie in different rotation planes. The linking of the Pivot Vector pairs is achieved because the two 180 degree rotations at the junction cancel, leaving the remaining Pivot Vectors to define the combined transformation. The linking of two Pivot Vector pairs into a single Pivot Vector pair clarifies the geometry of combining rotational transformations and leads to the composition rule for both Pivot Vectors and quaternions. The associated rotational quaternion can be easily derived, since its vector component is the cross product of the Pivot Vectors and its scalar component is the dot product of the Pivot Vectors. A Pivot Vector pair can be obtained from the associated quaternion once its clocking location in the equatorial plane is defined. The quaternion equation to rotate a vector is given a geometric interpretation using the associated Pivot Vectors.
Category: Classical Physics

[3] viXra:2505.0070 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-11 07:30:49

Imaging Experiment of Point Light Source Under Total Reflection and Its Result Analysis

Authors: Xiaotao Peng
Comments: 10 Pages.

Yesterday, I did an experiment of three-color plastic film under three-color light source and wrote an article named "a simple experimental device to verify the nature of light and analysis of experimental results". Today, I will do another simple optical experiment, using the imaging of red point light source under the total reflection of the reflector. The nature of light and what the human eye sees are discussed in more depth. It is hoped that teachers and friends with better experimental conditions will join in and further expand the breadth and depth of this experiment. Work together to recognize the nature of light as soon as possible.
Category: Classical Physics

[2] viXra:2505.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-08 18:16:10

Electromagnetic Theory and Transformations Between Reference Frames: a Rebuttal

Authors: Claudio Piantanida
Comments: 5 Pages.

In a previous article published on viXra (http://viXra.org/abs/1505.0140), I proposed a modified version of Hertz-Phipps electromagnetism, an alternative theory to Maxwell's electromagnetism invariant under Galilean transformations. The aim was to stimulate interest and further analysis by the physics community.Upon careful reconsideration, the proposed theory has proven inadequate as a physically realistic description.
Category: Classical Physics

[1] viXra:2505.0047 [pdf] submitted on 2025-05-08 19:01:55

Galilean Transformations and Extended Reflectors: A Theoretical Analysis of Feist's Acoustic Michelson-Morley Experiment

Authors: Claudio Piantanida
Comments: 10 Pages.

In this paper, we present a theoretical analysis of Norbert Feist's acoustic Michelson-Morley experiment. We demonstrate that, by employing Galilean transformations and standard assumptions about sound propagation, we can fully account for the experimental results. This analysis highlights the importance of considering the geometry of the reflector when interpreting the results of Michelson-Morley type experiments and invites a re-examination of the traditional interpretation of the original electromagnetic experiment.
Category: Classical Physics