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[14] viXra:2508.0179 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-29 21:07:43
Authors: Mojtaba Najafizadeh
Comments: 32 Pages. Published in IJMPA, DOI: 10.1142/S0217751X25501222. A 10 min explanation is available at: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=djnYDZZ1Jd0
Energy and momentum in Newtonian mechanics have the familiar relations, (E=mv2∕2) and (P=mv), derived from the nonrelativistic limit of special relativity. In this study, we find the corresponding relations to formulate the so-called "post-Carrollian mechanics" by applying the ultra-relativistic limit to tachyon theory, resulting in (E=mc3∕v) and (P=v̂mc3∕2v2). Using these, we determine the energy-momentum relation and investigate the thermodynamics of an ideal gas composed of post-Carroll particles. Moreover, by applying the ultra-relativistic limit to Einstein’s equations coupled to tachyon dust, we find the post-Carrollian gravitational potential. Finally, utilizing the geodesic equation, we determine the post-Carrollian gravitational field, which unlike the Newtonian case is found to be radially outward.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[13] viXra:2508.0149 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-25 15:17:45
Authors: En Okada
Comments: 16 Pages.
We present observations that are too-beautiful-to-be-coincidence in relation to the hierarchy problems in fundamental physics, which lead to a still conceptional but promising theoretical framework as an alternative to the standard models of both cosmology and particle physics. This paper serves as a memorandum and priming water rather than a conventional article, aiming to invite further studies to extend or sophisticate our primitive ideas towards perfection. We duly believe that making the conceptional memorandum publicly available on vixra would serve as a catalyst for open collaboration that benefits the physics community.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[12] viXra:2508.0148 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-24 22:33:39
Authors: Miroslav Pardy
Comments: 11 Pages. Original article
We define the mathematical object called photon mass operator and we evaluate it in the homogenous magnetic field using the Green function techniquein the homogenous magnetic field. The physical meaning of the photon mass operator is the vacuum polarization by the external field.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[11] viXra:2508.0139 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-21 05:59:03
Authors: Ryuku Akahoshi
Comments: 3 Pages. CC BY 4.0. See also Zenodo DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16913761
This study proposes that the mass hierarchy of elementary particles is governed by a geometric principle of two-dimensional quantization. We show that a single, theoretically-derived parameter γ organizes the masses of leptons and heavy bosons (μ, τ, W, Z, H) on a quadratic lattice m/me = n1² + γ n2² with high precision and no fine-tuning. The theoretical value of γ is derived from a vacuum energy minimization model, where a spontaneous symmetry breaking locks the vacuum's vibrational modes into a narrow angular wedge. This predicted γ incorporates both a geometric term derived from the wedge angle and a small, physically-motivated tension ratio (Ay/Ax). Statistical validation against a null hypothesis confirms the significance of the fit (p ≈ 0.012), and the uniqueness of the integer-pair assignments is ensured by a robust stability margin. The model's applicability is further explored in the hadron sector, where its predictions, while less precise, remain qualitatively successful, suggesting a universal geometric foundation for mass.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[10] viXra:2508.0137 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-21 20:07:11
Authors: Hacı Soğukpınar
Comments: 19 Pages. 31 equations (Note by viXra Admin: For the last time, please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
The classical notion of time as a fundamental, continuous, and linear parameter is increasingly challenged by persistent puzzles in cosmology and quantum gravity. This paper proposes a paradigm shift by defining time not as a primary dimension, but as an emergent property of the evolution of spacetime's fractal structure. We introduce a novel framework where the flow of time is governed by the rate of change of the fractal dimension D, postulating a fundamental relation dt=dD/V(D), where V(D) is a fractal potential energy density. This core axiom naturally gives rise to a thermodynamic arrow of time and provides a singularity-free initial condition for the universe. Applying this model to cosmology, we derive a modified Friedmann equation and show that the observed age of the universe (13.8 Gyr) is consistently recovered through the calibration of V(D). Furthermore, the model offers first-principle explanations for late-time cosmic acceleration, interpreting dark energy as a manifestation of the fractal geometry's scale-dependence, and predicts a specific effective equation of state (w_eff=-1+p/3). At quantum scales, the framework predicts critical slowing down of particle interactions near specific fractal thresholds, potentially testable in high-energy experiments. Finally, we present a set of definitive, testable predictions, including specific imprints on the low-ℓ CMB power spectrum, anomalies in atomic clock comparisons, and deviations in the Hubble parameter measured from standard sirens. This work establishes fractal time as a viable and falsifiable hypothesis that bridges cosmological and quantum phenomena, offering a new path toward unifying gravity with the standard model.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[9] viXra:2508.0134 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-21 23:48:06
Authors: Jose L. P. R. Fernandes
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite listed scientific reference and submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
This article proposes a conceptual reformulation of beta decays and the internal composition of atomic nuclei, focusing on the active role of neutrinos and antineutrinos as energy shields. The central hypothesis suggests the existence of matter and antimatter particles—latent electrons and positrons—cohabiting the nucleus with the stabilizing support of neutrinos (matter) and antineutrinos (antimatter), preventing their annihilation. Furthermore, the Neutrinic Model introduces neutral entities such as μu2070 and τu2070 resulting from heavy lepton decays, proposing a functional reorganization rather than extinction. This approach offers a new perspective on the latent structure of nuclei and the cosmic equilibrium between matter and antimatter.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[8] viXra:2508.0099 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-15 20:04:57
Authors: Tai-Choon Yoon
Comments: 9 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite listed scientific reference and submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
It is said that the universe began with the Big Bang. As the universe was born from the Big Bang, time began to flow, and energy came into existence. It began to expand at the speed of light, becoming the present-day universe. At the point when the early universe began expanding, the age-old question, "Where did energy come from?" can be answered using the mathematical model of the Planck's law and the Planck units. The universe was born from nothing, as empty space with a Planck length. As time began to flow within this space, an unknown energy particle with the Planck mass, which would later be converted to energy, was simultaneously generated. This unknown particle is called the pep (pre-energy particle). As the early universe expanded, peps were continuously generated, producing peps equal to the mass and energy of the present-day universe. The internal temperature of the early universe reached the Planck temperature, 1.41678 × 10^32 K. Now, this space became so hot that the early universe, unable to withstand the Planck temperature, experienced an event called the Big Bang, which began expanding at the speed of light. The Big Bang refers to a phase change where the pep is converted into energy. The Planck temperature is hot spot where energy is generated and annihilated. The generation and annihilation of energy demonstrates that time, energy, and temperature are interrelated. The idea that energy is generated and annihilated does not violate the law of conservation of energy but rather helps us understand the universe.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[7] viXra:2508.0086 [pdf] replaced on 2026-02-25 04:47:00
Authors: Xiaohua Ye
Comments: 80 Pages. The article will appear in JHEPGC Vol.12 No.2, April 2026.
The Standard Model (SM) does not provide an empirical explanation for the variation in properties such as mass, charge, and spin among point-like fundamental particles. It also does not explain certain phenomena, including dark energy, dark matter, the observed asymmetry between matter and antimatter, neutrino mass and oscillation, and gravity. Additionally, some experimental observations differ from its predictions. This paper presents a new particle model (NPM), which characterizes fundamental particles as composite entities with internal structure. The NPM aims to address major anomalies and unresolved puzzles in the SM and offers testable predictions that extend beyond the SM. The following are key insights from the NPM: ---- The elementary particles described in the Standard Model (SM) may not originate from a single event like the Big Bang; instead, they could be produced sequentially from more fundamental particles. Each particle possesses internal constituents that govern properties including mass, spin, and charge. The orbital coupling and spin of constituents determines the flavour of the particles. ---- Electromagnetic forces are suggested to arise from gravitational interactions, with strong forces forming atop electromagnetic forces, and weak interactions representing the disruption of strong forces. ---- According to the NPM, a quark is defined as a charged lepton bound by a gluon, sharing the same electric charge as its corresponding lepton, which explains matter-antimatter asymmetry. This perspective prompts a need to reevaluate theories regarding quark fractional charges and quark confinement. ---- The compositions of many charged mesons proposed in the SM are not supported by the NPM that offers alternative compositions for these particles, which allows better explanation for meson properties and behaviours like meson decay and meson oscillation. ---- In the NPM framework, the neutron is made up of four valence quarks in a uud-d core structure, which breaks isospin symmetry but better explains beta decay, nuclear forces, and observed data. ---- In NPM, gluons are made of two photons and have mass and flavor, offering an empirical view of QCD. Free gluons explain many dark matter behaviors, while bonded gluons are found in hadrons. ---- According to the NPM, neutrinos are emitted photons that keep coupling traits and inherit flavors from parent particles like gluons and leptons. Neutrino oscillation occurs through interactions with free gluons. ---- Unlike String Theory, the NPM presents testable predictions. For instance, recent high-energy collision experiments at CERN SPS involving argon and scandium nuclei revealed an unexpectedly high number of up quarks post-collision. The NPM explains this result using the uud-d core structure of neutrons and predicts similar outcomes in all high-energy collisions between isotopes with more neutrons than protons; an increased neutron count correlates with a higher detected charged K quark yield (thus more up quarks) relative to expectations.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[6] viXra:2508.0081 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-12 20:35:44
Authors: Stergios Pellis
Comments: 52 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Further regurgitation will not be accepted; please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
The Golden Function represents a novel, dimensionless framework for understanding the interrelations between fundamental constants, interactions, and structures across diverse scientific disciplines. Inspired by the golden ratio φ and fractal geometries, this function offers a unifying perspective on the mathematical and physical principles that govern the cosmos, from the quantum scale to cosmology, biology, and even human cognition. In this paper, we explore the foundational aspects of the Golden Function, examining its potential to unify disparate scientific fields such as particle physics, cosmology, biology, and mathematics under a single, coherent structure. We analyze its application in areas ranging from quantum mechanics to the dynamics of biological systems, and propose that the function can serve as a tool for predicting new phenomena, revealing previously unrecognized symmetries in nature, and enhancing our understanding of complex systems. By connecting fractality, scaling laws, and the fine-structure constant, the Golden Function opens up new avenues for interdisciplinary research, bridging the gap between abstract theoretical frameworks and empirical observations. Ultimately, this paper positions the Golden Function as a cornerstone in the pursuit of a unified theory of everything, highlighting its potential to reshape our understanding of the universe at all scales. The inverse fine-structure constant has long intrigued physicists due to its dimensionless nature and fundamental role in quantum electrodynamics. In this work, we propose a novel topological framework for its emergence based on the geometry of the Poincaré Dodecahedral Space (PDS) and the arithmetic of the golden ratio φ. We introduce the Golden Function: a φ-scaled summation of rational components that approximates the experimental value of fine-structure constant with high precision. Its structure mirrors the spectral distribution of the Laplace—Beltrami operator on PDS. We argue that this expression is not numerological, but an emergent topological eigenvalue arising from the compact, positively curved 3-manifold , where natural harmonic modes reflect φ-based fractal scaling. The use of φ—an irrational, dimensionless constant found in both mathematics and biology—bridges quantum microphysics and global spatial topology, suggesting a universal, scale-invariant architecture. We demonstrate that the first eigenmodes of the PDS Laplacian correspond quantitatively to the terms in the Golden Function and define constraints on physical constants, consistent with a holographic or topological quantum field theory framework. By embedding φ-scaling into the spectral topology, the fine-structure constant arises not as an arbitrary empirical number but as a consequence of the Universe’s fractal-harmonic and topological structure. We further propose a dimensionless derivation of fine-structure constant, grounded in the Golden Function, incorporating Euler’s number, the golden ratio, and circular constants. The model embeds a fractal golden torus inside 3-spheres, including the Poincaré dodecahedral space, to describe fundamental quantization and angular momentum states. Recursive golden spirals constrained within higher-dimensional topologies reveal the geometric origin of electromagnetic coupling, unifying topological quantization, conformal invariants, and toroidal harmonics in a cosmological—quantum framework.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[5] viXra:2508.0063 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-10 04:01:47
Authors: Carl Littmann
Comments: 8 Pages.
Einstein’s Relativity Theory emphasizes that "if a body radiates a given amount of Energy, that emitting body loses a Mass equal to that emitted Energy divided by the speed of light squared". But if that lost mass can’t be fully found by adding up all the resulting products, including negligible-mass high-energy Neutrinos; where did that mass go? My paper asserts that the lost (hidden) mass was ‘injected’ into the ‘aether’, increasing aether’s mass. As Einstein even said, in 1930, "Space is Eating-Up matter!" I use that "Einstein Statement" to estimate a minimum mass density of aether in Space, i.e., a key estimate but still likely much too low. And I also show that Neutrino propagation is likely an Ethereal Pulse or Stress, like a Twisting Spring Pulse (wave), instead of a forward or backward pulse. Thus, not likely a Particle mass flying through space, like a bullet or ‘baseball’. And I give more details, and address related questions.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[4] viXra:2508.0035 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-06 20:45:49
Authors: Gene H. Barbee
Comments: 29 Pages.
Creation appears to have been an information-based act which separated mass energy plus kinetic energy from equal and opposite field energy. Correlation of particle data with information shows that there are two levels to nature, 1) an information level associated with mind and 2) an energy level that supports evolution of our body and brain in a large universe. The author developed an information-based model of fundamental particles based on these two levels. We perceive information with electromagnetic senses at the interface of these two levels of nature. Particles described by the author’s models contain information required to create the universe around us. For example, three energy/information components define a three-dimensional universe. We inherit this information viewing point because we are an integral part of nature. The concept that the information level of nature is mind and that it is a subset of Mind [6][7][8] helps us understand. It leads to the view that life leads to valuable information increases and that we participate in ongoing creation.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[3] viXra:2508.0030 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-05 05:15:02
Authors: Weifeng Wang
Comments: 9 pages
Neutrino mass origins remain one of the central unsolved puzzles in particle physics. Leading mechanisms were established by the early 2000s, with limited essential breakthroughs observed in the past twenty years. These approaches often rely on the unobserved Higgs triplet field, non-renormalizable operators or the hypothetical coupling of the left-handed and right-handed neutrinos. In this work, we address these fundamental challenges by proposing a novel low-scale mechanism where neutrino masses are generated through a renormalizable, Higgs doublet-mediated interaction between the SU(2) lepton doublet and the conjugated singlet, distinct from the conventional Higgs-Yukawa coupling formed between the lepton doublet and singlet. By presenting a fresh extension of the Standard Model (SM) where the SU(2) representations are slightly misaligned with the neutrino chiral states, we were able to provide a theoretically coherent explanation for the Majorana neutrino mass generation without a priori assumption that neutrinos are their own antiparticles. Our model further eliminates the coupling of the left-handed and right-handed neutrinos after the spontaneous symmetry breaking, and meanwhile substantially reduces the fine-tuning of Yukawa couplings. We conclude by highlighting the key implications of our findings, including the minimal mixing between active and sterile neutrinos (consistent with current experiments) and the potential of the present SM extension in decoding the flavor mixing and CP violation phases.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[2] viXra:2508.0007 [pdf] replaced on 2025-09-22 18:11:16
Authors: Bodo Lampe
Comments: 17 Pages.
In recent years a microscopic model was developed in order to unify the physics of elementary particles and cosmology. The model introduces an underlying microscopic level of invisible `tetron' matter, the SSB of the SM being interpreted as an alignment of isospin vectors of the tetrons. While earlier work has dealt with the quark lepton spectrum and gravity, the present paper concentrates on the value of the Weinberg angle and how the Higgs and the electroweak gauge bosons are to be interpreted as excitations on the underlying structure.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[1] viXra:2508.0006 [pdf] submitted on 2025-08-03 03:38:00
Authors: Hacı Soğukpınar
Comments: 11 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: For the time, please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
This study propose a novel theoretical framework—Unified Fractal Quantum Field Theory (UFQFT)—in which all elementary particles and interactions emerge from the resonant behavior of two fundamental quantum fields: an energy field (Φ) and a charge field (Ψ), embedded in a fractal spacetime with intrinsic dimension ��f ≈ 2.7. Within this framework, particles such as leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons are modeled as localized resonant configurations whose properties (mass, charge, flavor, and spin) are determined by their fractal mode structures and boundary topologies. Leptons arise as lowdimensional resonances, whereas quarks emerge as higher-dimensional, fractionally charged modes. Composite particles such as hadrons are formed through geometric clustering in the fractal field landscape. The model offers a unified geometric explanation for fundamental interactions: electromagnetic coupling arises from Φ—Ψ interactions, the strong force from topological quark confinement, the weak force through local dimensional transitions, and gravity from large-scale fractal curvature. This framework eliminates the need for external gauge bosons and naturally integrates particle physics with cosmology via a higher-dimensional bubble universe scenario. Observable consequences, such as modified decay patterns, mass hierarchies, and correlations with cosmological data (e.g., CMB anomalies, gravitational waves), provide pathways for experimental verification. UFQFT represents a step toward a geometrically grounded unification of matter and interactions in a fundamentally fractal quantum universe.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
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