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| viXra.org > High Energy Particle Physics > 2510 |
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[4] viXra:2510.0128 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-26 22:57:23
Authors: Jianming Wang
Comments: 6 Pages.
How to extract the mass of up quark and down quark in proton? In this paper, a new extraction method is found. Although the exact mass of the up quark and the down quark in the proton cannot be obtained, the accurate ratio of the mass of the up quark and the down quark can be extracted, and the mass relationship among the three valence quarks can be found. Based on the experimental results of Seaquest carried out by Fermilab in 2021, through analysis, the accurate ratio of up quark to down quark mass (mu/md=0.707) is obtained, and the mass triangle is established. It is deduced that the sum of squares of up quark mass in protons is equal to the square of down quark mass. The mathematical expression is mu²+ mu²= md². According to the observation of the decay law of other baryons, the quark law in baryons is obtained. The basic content of quark law: except protons, the heavy quarks in other baryons will decay into up quark or down quark, and the sum of squares of up quark mass should be equal to the square of down quark mass.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[3] viXra:2510.0100 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-21 20:30:58
Authors: Miroslav pardy
Comments: 7 Pages. Original article
The Schwinger proper-time method [which avoids] the direct use of the wave function is used in order to calculate the vacuum polarization in the presence of the homogenous magnetic field. The derivation gives the same results as obtained by Adler (1971) and Minguzi (1956).
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[2] viXra:2510.0091 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-17 03:21:55
Authors: Taiwei Song
Comments: 10 Pages.
Based on the Geometry of Space-Time Structures founded by the author himself, this paper demonstrates the physical nature of the integration of time, space, matter at the extremely small spatial scale, and the natural essence of strong interactions between particles; proves that proton p+ and electron e- are the most fundamental particles of matter in the natural world; reveals the material structure and creative logic of neutrons and atomic nuclei; establish precise mathematical relationships between neutron and atomic nucleus structures and discrete space fractional dimensions; reveals various new quantum state structures of pep quantum pairs formed by adjacent protons in atomic nuclei and their relationships with natural number sets, etc.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
[1] viXra:2510.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2025-10-02 23:15:40
Authors: Ikechukwu Iloh Udema
Comments: 18 Pages.
The root mean square mass radii of the proton are produced by means of the extraction of the effective mass from different kinds of photoproduction and, strangely, center of mass energy without overt exploration of the equation (R(m)^2 = 12/m(eff)^2) that ought to contain the missing fundamental constant. Thus, by exploring theoretical and computational means, the study’s goal is to address frameworks’ and related methods’ congruence with the outcomes that could be obtained from them with the following two of four objectives. 1) To derive an equation defining the fundamental constant missing from the controverted equation in the literature; 2) to justify the argument that the missing fundamental constant obscured the relationship, if at all, between QCD and the derived equation, etc. Some of the computed values of root mean square mass radius (R(m)) of the proton based on 1.19518 exp. (-25)/m(eff) (From Eq. (13) are 0.644869 fm (its effective mass (m(eff)) is equal to 1.06 GeV); 0.83361 fm (its m(eff) is equal 0.82 GeV); 0.551246 fm (its m(eff) is equal to 1.24 GeV). If the derived equation R(m)^2 =12ħ^2c^2/m(eff)^2 bears any iota of relevance to the QCD framework, then there was no basis whatsoever for the omission of the fundamental constant, ħc or ħ^2c^2. Thus, the omission, until proved otherwise, only served to obscure the fact that the equation does not have any bearing on the QCD framework. A definite value of Rm is 1.10168 fm. While m(eff) showed an inverse relationship based on a power law with rest mass, future study may focus on the theoretical determination of the former. PACS Number: 40, 12.38, 12.10.KtKeywords: Classical framework, QCD framework, mass-energy equivalence, root mean square mass radius, mass, proton.
Category: High Energy Particle Physics
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