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[29] viXra:2501.0165 [pdf] replaced on 2025-02-16 22:52:41
Authors: Yukihiko Hoshino
Comments: Pages.
Aether was widely believed to be the medium of light that fills the universe. However,the Michelson Morley experiment failed to detect the aether wind that should have been observed if the Earth was moving through the aether, so the existence of aether was not proven, and aether is now considered an obsolete physics theory. At that time, one of the hypotheses to explain the existence of aether even without the aether wind was the aether drag hypothesis, which proposed that the aether moves with the Earth. However, this hypothesis was rejected because it could not explain the aberration of light. Consequently, modern physics has progressed and developed on the premise that aether does not exist. Here I show that the aberration of light can be explained even if aether moves with the Earth. I clarified that the flowing aether does not receive light directly from above, but receives it from an upward diagonal forward angle according to the same principle as the aberration of light and transmits it linearly. This means that, for an observer on Earth moving at the same speed as the aether, the direction of light matches the direction observed in the aberration of light. This research finding strongly suggests the possibility of the existence of aether. Therefore, when I calculated the angle at which light from a star is bent by the gravity of the sun during a solar eclipse, assuming the existence of aether, it matched the value calculated by the theory of relativity. From now on I propose that various physical phenomena should be reconsidered assuming the existence of aether.This paper is a rewrite in English of a Japanese paper originally publishde in 2012, with new findings added.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[28] viXra:2501.0150 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-28 01:10:10
Authors: Dominique Mareau
Comments: 8 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Title modified to conform with scholarly norm - Please conform!))
Regarding fundamental physics, this study replaces the "old moons" such as: uniqueness by duality; absolute inertial zero by symmetrical dipole zero; the notions of "principle", "model" or hypothesis, by the logico-deductive approach; the notion of "creation" by the notion of state transformation. This study denounces the amalgams between "describing or explaining, and cause or effect. Symmetry, consubstantial with Nature, is never broken, because it only changes scale. The common name "Universe" is ambiguous because it denies its duality of state: 1) the eternal Omniverse state justified by the inertial paradox and characterized by its informational entropy which tends towards infinity. 2) the BUE state (Expanding Universe Bubble), declined from the Omniverse by a partial and random synchronization, forming BEC (Bose Einstein Condensate). From the rigorous study of the inertial paradox, arises multiple mutual occurrences and with observations. It lifts the more than 60 enigmas of the standard model. Each piece of evidence will be compared to observation, justified by an explanation ofmthe causes (other than describing the effects) and some confirmed by a numerical occurrence equal to 7σ. All of this lifts the more than 80 enigmas of the standard model.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[27] viXra:2501.0147 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-28 00:53:54
Authors: Samvel Srapiobi Poghosyan
Comments: 23 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Pleease cite and list scientific references)
The main path of the evolution of Physics is the complex path of overcoming infinities and various kinds of uncertainties. That is why it is impossible to create a unified or generalized physical theory free of uncertainties by means of universal constants with G, c, ħ -dimensionality and simple, one-dimensional variables - m, r, t. In order to build such a theory, a dimensionless universal constant is also necessary: Ա=〖2,7∙10〗^63=const. , as well as a dimensionless variable: 〖 N〗_Ա∈(1,Ա). We call that maximum value of the armonic variable N_Ա - the Armonic Constant and denote it with the capital letter "Ա" of the Armenian alphabet. In the article, we are trying to find the experimental confirmation of the constant numerical value of the Ա-constant, to discover the main law of cosmomicrophysical evolution and identify the role and significance of the Ա-constant in that law. The future General Physical Theory (GPT) should be a theory composed of four constants (G, c, ħ, Ա) and four variables (m,r,t,N_Ա).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[26] viXra:2501.0142 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-28 00:47:33
Authors: Thomas Neil Neubert
Comments: 23 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Pleease cite and list scientific references; also AI assisted content is in general not acceptable)
Everything in the universe rotates of spins; except the universe as portrayed in the classical Λ-CDM Standard Cosmic (big bang) Model implicit metatheory. This intrinsic spin quantum gravity universe is a working metatheory. It is not a working model. What it brings to the table is a different way to connect and interpret our extraordinary physics and astronomy subspecialties. This intrinsic spin quantum gravity universe metatheory visualizes a more credible universe than the Λ-CDM model. What it lacks in mathematical detail and rigour; it gains in physical logic and usefulness. A metatheory is not a patchwork of subspecialties. It is an overall framework based on generalization of specific observations into a physical and logical whole. By definition, it misses much detail. Charles Darwin’s evolution is the best scientific example of a metatheory. It gave a useful big picture without specifying the detailed mechanisms of how evolution works. Genetics and epigenetics were unknown. In a certain sense, Darwin’s evolution provided the framework for the Λ-CDM model. But Darwin’s framework of evolution, while appropriate for life on Earth and the life cycle of a galaxy, is not so useful for building an understanding of our entire Universe. Nevertheless, the classical Λ-CDM model of our visible universe has many proponents. Their help will be needed to turn this intrinsic spin quantum gravity universe metatheory into a robust quantum metatheory. In this intrinsic spin quantum gravity universe metatheory, everything in the Universe rotates of spins; including our visible universe and the Universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[25] viXra:2501.0137 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-26 00:53:13
Authors: Vladimir S. Netchitailo
Comments: 9 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Further repetition will not be accepted!)
This article represents the culmination of a decade-long effort to develop the World-Universe Cosmology (WUC), building upon a series of published works. These include the first one, "5D World-Universe Model. Space-Time-Energy" [1] and the last one, "JWST Discoveries and the Hypersphere World-Universe Model. Transformative New Cosmology" [2], both featured in the Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology. WUC is a unified model of the World built around the concept of the Cosmic Medium, composed of particles (protons, electrons, photons, neutrinos, and universe-created particles). WUC provides a mathematical framework that enables precise calculation of Medium-bound physical parameters: Gravitational parameter, Hubble’s parameter, Absolute age of the World, Intergalactic plasma parameters, Temperature of microwave background radiation and the Minimum energy of photons. This paper aligns WUC with the theoretical framework developed by P. Wesson and J. Overduin [3], [4], albeit assigning a new physical meaning to the fourth spatial coordinate associated with the total energy of the observable World.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[24] viXra:2501.0136 [pdf] replaced on 2025-07-21 13:38:36
Authors: Warren D. Smith
Comments: 11 Pages.
I use previously-published observed astronomical facts to refute Wiltshire's recently- hyped "Timescape cosmology" in 1 page.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[23] viXra:2501.0131 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-24 14:05:35
Authors: Zhi Cheng
Comments: 8 Pages.
In this paper, we try to solve the problem of motion between two adjacent galaxies by using the motion of the dark matter fluid driven by the rotation of galaxies. In this study, it is believed that when two adjacent galaxies differ in their direction and relative position, it is easy to lead to differences in the speed of dark matter fluid motion between the two galaxies, which will form the so-called Bernoulli force. This Bernoulli force is one of the reasons why the positions of galaxies in many of the multigalaxies we have observed so far are relatively random. If Newton's theory of gravity or general relativity is used to explain it, then the motion of galaxies due to gravitational effects purely should be circular. This is not quite the same as what we have observed. In fact, in the multigalaxies that we now observe, the movements of the various galaxies exhibit a state of random motion similar to Brownian motion. The existence of this state of random motion can be well explained by dark matter fluids. The estimates in this paper are also largely similar to those of my previous work that the effects of dark matter fluids are on the same order of magnitude as gravitational effects.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[22] viXra:2501.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-25 03:25:38
Authors: Andrew W. Beckwith
Comments: 10 Pages. Contest entry in the 2025 gravity award foundation contest run by George Grideout.
Our idea is that a particular set of values of initial conditions for relic black holes will enable using the idea of torsion to formulate a cosmological constant and resultant dark energy. Relic Planck-sized black holes will allow for a spin-density term presenting an opportunity to cancel torsion. Meanwhile, speculation given by Corda replaces traditional firewalls in relic black holes with a quantum number, n. In addition, thisidea can offer a solution to the incompleteness of hairless black holes.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[21] viXra:2501.0127 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-23 18:27:32
Authors: Stoyan Sarg Sargoytchev
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: An abstract in the article is required - Please conform!)
The article presents a graphical illustration of the elementary particles crystallization in a protogalactic egg during a hidden phase of galaxy evolution. The process is predicted and derived in the Basic Structures of Matter — Supergravitation Unified Theory. The article also shows the matter-energy balance at the different levels of matter organization.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[20] viXra:2501.0115 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-21 21:23:48
Authors: Zheng-Guang Wang
Comments: 25 Pages. In Chinese
Suppose B is a celestial body in the universe, B is called the microcosm, if and only if: (i) B contains the metagalaxy; (ii) all celestial bodies in B do not contain the metagalaxy. Based on the hypothesis that the microcosm exists, a model of the microcosm is established by axiomatic method. The results show that: (i) the microcosm is spherical, and it is constantly shrinking and rotating; (ii) the force which causes the microcosm to shrink is a kind of new fundamental force. The model is simple and natural. It not only can explain some important observed facts, such as redshifts of extragalactic galaxies and dipole anisotropy of spiral galaxy rotation direction distribution, but also can be consistent with other existing astronomical observations. This shows that: (i) the microcosm is most likely existent; (ii) the model is most likely correct.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[19] viXra:2501.0103 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-19 20:41:34
Authors: Attilio Colombo
Comments: 6 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: An abstract in the article is required)
As it is known, the Lorentz Transformation is the transformation of coordinates between reference systems in uniform relative motion that is at the basis of the Theory of Relativity. But what is its physical meaning? What do the variables obtained by applying this mathematical transformation represent, physically? The interpretation that currently prevails in the context of contemporary physics is that these variables represent the physical space and time coordinates of a given event for a reference system in uniform and rectilinear motion with respect to another one. According to this interpretation, two events that are simultaneous for a given reference system are not simultaneous for another reference system that is in motion with respect to the first one, the so-called "relativity of simultaneity", and therefore time and space are no longer absolute, invariant in the passage from one reference system to another, but become relative, resulting dependent from the state of motion ofthe system being considered.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[18] viXra:2501.0102 [pdf] replaced on 2026-04-18 09:42:11
Authors: Remi Cornwall
Comments: 7 Pages.
APEC — Alternative Propulsion Engineering Conference is run by Tim Ventura and is a forum that lets all-comers present their researches into fringe science concepts, though mainly those concerned with propulsion. This brief letter will write about two presentations — LENR and "Quantised Inertia". I may comment on the other later presentations at some point. We find omissions in LENR experimental methodology and candidate theories based on current science but this wouldn’t exclude new science. We also find that McCulloch’s "Quantised Inertia" (and so MOND/TeVeS too) violates the Correspondence, Heisenberg Uncertainty and Strong Equivalence Principles.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[17] viXra:2501.0096 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-17 21:13:18
Authors: Owais Farooq, Romana Zahoor
Comments: 14 Pages.
Quantum fluctuations, usually arising from the inherent uncertanity in the quantum fields, are pivotal in understanding the the universe at both the small and large scales. Despite the fact that fluctuations are usually unob-servable rather small, they give significant observable effects during specific epochs under specific conditions. During the early epochs of the universe the fluctuations were scaled, resulting into the primordial density perturbations that gave rise to the large scale structure of universe and the observedinhomogenities. In this paper we study the basic origin, structure, evolution and the imprints of fluctuations during inflationary period resulting into the large-scale structure formation. We use the Mukhanov-sasaki formalism to model scalar perturbations, embedding the theoretical results into observations.Theoretical predictions show almost scale-invariant power spectrum with stringent constraints on the inflationary parameters. It further states that in the very early universe the inflatons that is quanta of primordial field were highly filled in the degenerate quantum state. This carry large potential energythat resulted in an exponential expansion of universe. During post inflationary period the inflaton dominated the Universe’s energy density; they interact among themselves and due to non-linear effects, these inhomogeneities grow which amalgamate into spatially distinguishable patches in our observableuniverse. Our understanding projects us towards the fact that fluctuations play a pivotal role in understanding the structure formation at micro, macro, and far-macro scales. This study also addresses the significance of quantum fluctuations in cosmic evolution and manifests the enduring relevance in addressing some of the profound mysteries of our universe.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[16] viXra:2501.0089 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-15 17:04:06
Authors: Elio Proietti
Comments: 5 Pages.
This paper is grounded exclusively on the GR-Hamilton’s variational principle,reducible to the principle of geodesics in the case of a body in free motion in agravitational field. The first two sections deal with the theory of gravitational lightbending, available in all general relativity texts, but rewritten here using exclu-sively formulas between quantities, more suitable for the physical interpretationthan the formulas between measurements commonly used (c = 1, G = 1).The third section deals the main question: what properties should GR assignto a particle moving according to a null-geodesics? Without resorting to anyprevious theory, the general relativity itself imposes very stringent and interestingproperties for "photons" (of course in agreement with those asserted by specialrelativity in the absence of a gravitational field).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[15] viXra:2501.0088 [pdf] replaced on 2025-01-27 22:38:06
Authors: Keith D. Foote
Comments: 4 Pages.
The question of whether or not primordial black holes actually exist is examined. Stellar and supermassive black holes are described to offer a comparison. The lack of observable, hard supporting evidence, after 58 years, makes the concept of primordial black holes less and less likely, in spite of the imaginative, though somewhat unrealistic scenarios used to theorize their existence.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[14] viXra:2501.0076 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-12 17:36:34
Authors: Zheng-Hua Zhang
Comments: 2 Pages. In Chinese
Analysis shows that the situation described in the "equivalence principle" thought experiment where gravity and inertia force are equivalent cannot be observed in the same reference frame, meaning it does not occur in the universe; The "local inertial frame" defined based on the "equivalence principle" does not meet the equivalent conditions set by the "equivalence principle" thought experiment, that is, the "local inertial frame" has no relationship with the "equivalence principle".
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[13] viXra:2501.0062 [pdf] replaced on 2025-03-21 21:14:28
Authors: Lars F. Jensen
Comments: 5 Pages. An error in the argumentation has been corrected, plus minor changes to the text.
An important part of special relativity (SR) is length contraction. According to this theory, it is a coordinate-dependent and ‘symmetrical’ effect, such that two observers, moving relative to each other, both with their own measuring rod, can both rightly claim that the other observer’s measuring rod is contracted, even though the rest lengths of the rods are exactly the same. However, with the help of thought experiments, it can be shown that this cannot be true in the real world — and that SR predicts two fundamentally different length contractions.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[12] viXra:2501.0057 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-10 19:18:42
Authors: Paul Caracristi
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: AI assisted article is in general not acceptable)
Abstract. This paper proposes and explores the theory that whiteholes and blackholes serve as complementary structures in the cosmos, facilitating a continuous energy cycle between a dynamic universe and a static Latent realm. Whiteholes are proposed as sources of energy and entropy, giving rise to dynamic universes, while blackholes transition the complexity of matter and energy back into a latent, negentropic state. The interplay between these phenomena is governed by a temporal spectrum, wherein energy fluctuates between near-zero values in the latent realm and greater-than-zero values in a dynamic universe. The proposed model offers an integrated framework for understanding the universe’s origin, evolution, and potential termination within a broader cosmological context.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[11] viXra:2501.0056 [pdf] replaced on 2025-01-28 22:13:18
Authors: Mueiz Gafer KamalEldeen
Comments: 5 Pages.
The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that the common method for calculating the metric tensor in polar coordinates is incorrect. However, it does not lead to erroneous results due to the presence of another error that cancels out the effects of the first error in calculations. Nerveless, these offsetting errors creates a problem in understanding the metric.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[10] viXra:2501.0048 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-08 21:41:43
Authors: Fernando Loup
Comments: 12 Pages.
The Natario warp drive appeared for the first time in 2001.Although the idea of the warp dive as a spacetime distortion that allows a spaceship to travel faster than lightpredated the Natario work by 7 years Natario introduced in 2001 the new concept of a propulsion vector to define or to generate a warp drive spacetime.Natario defined a warp drive vector for constant speeds in Polar Coordinates using the Hodge Star but remember that a real warp drive must accelerate orde-accelerate in order to be accepted as a physical valid model so it must possesses variable speeds.We developed a new warp drivevector different than the original Natario warp drive vector using a new methodology and without the Hodge Star that encompasses variable speeds.Also Polar Coordinates uses only two dimensions and we know that a real spaceship is a tridimensional 3D object inserted inside a tridimensional 3D warp bubble that must bedefined in real 3D Spherical Coordinates.In this work we present the new warp drive vector in tridimensional $3D$ Spherical Coordinates without the Hodge Star for both constant or variable speeds.Our new proposed warp drive vectors also satisfies the Natario requirements for a warp drive spacetime.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[9] viXra:2501.0041 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-08 21:30:20
Authors: Domenico Maglione
Comments: 18 Pages.
This work presents a thought experiment where the number of cellular duplications or generations (G) is used as a biological clock to investigate the effects of relativistic environments on biological time. We demonstrate that, although physical clocks in different reference systems measure varying times due to relativistic time dilation, biological time remains invariant and corresponds to the "proper" time. This invariance holds not only across inertial reference frames but also extends to non-inertial, accelerated, and gravitational systems. The invariance arises because G is defined as the ratio of the growth time to the duplication time, ensuring that any relativistic effects influencing these intervals mathematically cancel out. These findings challenge the classic interpretation of Einstein's twin paradox, which suggests differential aging due to relativistic velocities. In reality, while physical clocks indicate differing times, biological time, and thus the biological age of living organisms, remains unaffected, aligning consistently with proper time. Although bacterial cultures were used as a model in this study, the results are generalizable to all cellular systems, provided identical growth conditions are maintained. This study provides new insights into the interplay between biological processes and relativistic effects, establishing G as a reliable and invariant measure of biological time across all reference frames.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[8] viXra:2501.0032 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-07 21:50:40
Authors: Rodrigo de Abreu
Comments: 18 Pages.
The measurement of the speed of light one-way can be easily conceived since we can consider a rod with length l_1 between the extremities A´ and B´ and emit light from A´ to B´ and reciprocally emit light from B´ to A´. If we measure the time A´B´ and the time B´A´ we know the speed of light A´B´ and B´A´. However, standard approach affirm astonishingly that this is not possible. Because we need to know the speed of light to synchronize the clocks at A´ and B´, to measure the times A´B’ and B´A´. Why? Because standard approach accept the necessity to have synchronized clocks. And astonishingly also affirm that the one-way speed of light one-way is the two-way speed of light measured in one-clock with the value c in vacuum. In the following approach we defend that this standard approach can not subsist based on the conceptualization of the measurement one-way. For this we use a new method using a gap of synchronization that standard approach can not be aware.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[7] viXra:2501.0028 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-06 09:24:31
Authors: Taha Sochi
Comments: 7 Pages.
In this short paper we briefly discuss the issue of the theory of general relativity as a supposed generalization of the theory of special relativity to see if general relativity did really generalize special relativity as a relativity theory. The simple conclusion that we reach in this discussion is that the theory of general relativity is not actually a generalization of the theory of special relativity and hence general relativity is neither a general theory nor a relativity theory. In short, the so-called "general theory of relativity" should more appropriately be called the "special theory of general covariance" since it is special in content (as it is essentially a gravitation theory) and it lacks the physical substance of relativity (as it is actually about mathematical artwork of general covariance rather than about physical relativity).
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[6] viXra:2501.0026 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-06 21:08:26
Authors: Ahmad Torfi
Comments: 6 Pages.
This paper presents a novel model that introduces ether and its geometric changes as the fundamental source of matter, energy, gravity, electromagnetic properties, light, and quantum phenomena such as wave-particle duality and tunneling. This model proposes that the behavior of fundamental particles and forces can be interpreted through the dynamic and complex geometry of ether.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[5] viXra:2501.0025 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-06 21:05:41
Authors: Vladimir Pastushenko
Comments: 10 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Further regurgitation will not be accepted)
There are amazing properties of mathematics to model and calculate physical properties of matter. Mathematics describes physical experiments, generalizes and predicts physical properties. And mathematical models are created in the Euclidean axiomatics of points ("...having no parts"), lines ("...length without width"), a system of numbers equal by analogy to units. A set of Euclidean points at one point, is it a point or a set of them? A set of Euclidean lines at one "length without width", is it a line or a set of them? Euclidean axiomatics does not give answers to such questions. But it is this axiomatics that is our technology of theories in space-time. There is another technology of theories of dynamic space-matter, in which the technology of theories in Euclidean axiomatics is a limiting, special case. To test the reality of such a technology of theories, in essence, research is conducted by examining trial experiments that follow from such a technology of theories of dynamic space-matter.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[4] viXra:2501.0012 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-04 21:34:38
Authors: Stefanos Kiriakidis
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Listed scientific references should be cited in the article) Contact info: stefan.kiriakidis@outlook.com
This paper proposes a novel hypothesis exploring the formation of black holes and their potential role as conduits to new universes. Building on general relativity and quantum gravity concepts, the hypothesis suggests that singularities within black holes create ruptures in the fabric of space-time, giving rise to white holes that initiate new space-time continua. This process reinterprets the Big Bang as a white hole event linked to a black hole in a parent universe, offering a cyclical model of cosmic regeneration. Observational predictions are outlined, including potential traces of parent universes in the cosmic microwave background, unique gravitational wave signatures, and anomalies in antimatter behavior. Mathematical formulations are provided to describe energy conservation and entropy dynamics during black hole transitions, while future experimental tests are suggested to validate the theory. If proven, this hypothesis could revolutionize our understanding of black holes, the multiverse, and the nature of cosmic evolution.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[3] viXra:2501.0008 [pdf] replaced on 2025-10-28 20:42:45
Authors: Enrique Domínguez Pinos
Comments: 31 Pages. In Spanish
In this paper, the multi-messenger event SN1987A is analyzed from the point of view of special relativity of fields. We will first obtain the speed of the neutrinos which, together with the estimate of their kinetic energy, will allow us to get an idea of their mass. The characteristics of the next Betelgeuse event will also be predicted and relationships are given for other multi-messenger events.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[2] viXra:2501.0005 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-01 22:04:40
Authors: Christopher R. Brown
Comments: 13 Pages.
We construct a static, spherically symmetric cosmological solution that reproduces the observed linear redshift-distance relation without resorting to metric expansion. By defining the radial coordinate via null geodesics and introducing the dimensionless parameter Hr/c, the matter density profile and metric emerge directly from the Einstein field equations. The solution admits a stable static configuration with a density distribution scaling as ρ(r) ∝ [1 + (Hr/c)]-2, and recovers standard redshift-distance behavior through gravitational redshifts alone. No cosmological constant or fine-tuning is required, and the resulting spacetime is consistent with basic observational constraints. This model also predicts a Schwarzschild horizon and associated Hawking radiation. The factor of change needed to blue shift this radiation to the 2.725 K observed in the CMB is shown by (2.725 K)/(TK) = √(rH/2lp). The quantization of spacetime simply emerges as a consequence of the presence of mass. This entire framework should be considered with a great deal of skepticism, as it deviates considerably from standard practices. However, the approach does offer a theoretically consistent model that has the potential to resolve several long-standing mysteries in physics and warrants investigation from the broader community based on the scholarly arguments alone.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
[1] viXra:2501.0004 [pdf] submitted on 2025-01-01 03:27:00
Authors: Mueiz Gafer KamalEldeen
Comments: 4 Pages.
This article presented the accurate understanding of the geometrical meaning of covariant and contra-variant vectors, critically analyzing three prevalent misconceptions about this concept found in numerous sources.
Category: Relativity and Cosmology
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