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[19] viXra:2507.0206 [pdf] replaced on 2025-08-27 10:26:27
Authors: Herve Le Cornec
Comments: 3 Pages.
Many authors in the literature focused on Hamilton's hodograph of the Keplerian motion but none of them developed a vector kinematic analysis of the peculiar velocity shown by the hodograph, so we perform it here. As expected, the analysis predicts Kepler's laws and the mathematical structure of Newton's acceleration. It also leads to new expressions for the eccentricity and the classical mechanical energy. We then discuss the relationship between the geometric acceleration given by Hamilton's kinematics and the physical one stated by Newton.
Category: Classical Physics
[18] viXra:2507.0197 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-28 00:34:51
Authors: Fawang Su
Comments: 10 Pages.
A quantitative analysis is conducted on the "Mpemba effect" where hot water freezes faster than cold water. Specific calculation formulas and discriminant conditions are provided, and the causes of the "Mpemba effect" are revealed.
Category: Classical Physics
[17] viXra:2507.0195 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-26 16:38:57
Authors: Xiaotao Peng
Comments: 8 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Further repetition will not be accepted)
I clearly pointed out in the article "a Preliminary Study of the Interaction Mechanism of Forces" (https://www.toutiao.com/article/7526518366140678697/) that the Coulomb force only exists between charged particles should be transferred by two Coulombs with completely different properties. In this paper, the idea is further discussed, and some known physical phenomena and experimental results related to Coulomb force and mass/universal gravitation are discussed qualitatively. Hope to get the attention and advice of interested experts, scholars and physics enthusiasts.
Category: Classical Physics
[16] viXra:2507.0191 [pdf] replaced on 2026-03-05 19:57:49
Authors: Marsio Salcuni
Comments: 215 Pages.
First publication: 15 July 2025This research introduces an experimental methodology capable of revealing geometrical structures corresponding to spherical harmonics within macroscopic magnetic fields, making visible field configurations never previously observed experimentally in the real world.Atomic orbitals are well known geometrical structures emerging from quantum mechanics. They arise as solutions of the Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom and are mathematically described by spherical harmonics. In modern physics these forms are typically interpreted as probability distributions associated with the electron’s quantum state rather than as spatial geometries observable at the macroscopic scale.This work presents, for the first time, a three-dimensional experimental visualization of structures isomorphic to atomic orbitals, obtained by detecting and spatially mapping magnetic field configurations using Hall-effect sensors.The method employs a bipolar Hall sensor operating in dynamic scanning mode while maintaining a constant angular orientation relative to the magnetic source. This configuration differs from conventional magnetic field visualizations derived directly from Maxwell’s equations.When the field is explored considering dipole-dipole interactions and maintaining a fixed sensor orientation during spatial scanning, the measurements correspond to local projections of the magnetic field along a constant angular direction. Reconstructing these projections reveals three-dimensional structures that closely correspond to the spherical harmonic geometries associated with hydrogen atomic orbitals.Such configurations do not normally appear in standard magnetic field representations because their emergence depends on a measurement geometry that highlights the angular components of dipolar interactions. From this observation derives the title of the research.The observed structures coincide with forms historically associated with the quantum solutions of the Schrödinger equation for hydrogen, yet here they appear as measurable geometrical configurations of a macroscopic magnetic field, suggesting a structural relationship between these two descriptions.The research also provides interpretations consistent with both classical mechanics and quantum mechanics, offering complementary perspectives. Using the classical geometry of magnetic fields as a framework, several quantum concepts acquire an intuitive geometric interpretation.The work also includes a replicable experimental method for generating and visualizing these structures by scanning one or more permanent magnets with Hall sensors, effectively providing a form of three-dimensional magnetic tomography ("Magnetic CT Scan").
Category: Classical Physics
[15] viXra:2507.0172 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-23 20:04:45
Authors: Micah L. Holt
Comments: 22 Pages.
The concept of matter accretion is meant to theoretically explore the nature of a massive body growing from an initial state to a larger entity through accumulating material. This follows the assumption that the body growing from the accreted material is spherical. To examine this body, derivations using classical physics are made to describe its potential behavior. This led to a differential equation that shows the proportionality relationship between mass and potential energy. To specify this equation, it shows the 2nd order time derivative of mass equaling to the negative Laplacian of the potential energy; this equation can be interpreted as a non-linear temporal growth of matter being equivalent to the opposite 2nd order spatial derivative of its potential energy for somatic construction. Basically, the accretion of matter is affected by the loss of potential energy in space. In addition, following the derivation of the gravitational binding energy and incorporating it with a substitution into this equation, it led to a 2nd order time dependent differential equation for the gravitational construction of matter. Having the derivation of this equation that describes accretion caused by gravity, it has a coefficient that matches with the Laplacian of the gravitational potential but by a factor of six. Following a hypothesis that this is a geometric factor instead of mere coincidence, this led to the derivation of a mathematic theorem to support its geometric property. Lastly, a query comes to mind if this concept of matter accretion could apply to quantum physics.
Category: Classical Physics
[14] viXra:2507.0164 [pdf] replaced on 2026-02-24 22:03:58
Authors: Mykola Kosinov
Comments: 24 Pages.
For over 300 years, the force of gravitational interaction was represented by a single physical law — Newton's law F = GMm/r^2. The possibility of the existence of a law of gravity other than Newton's law F = GMm/r2 was not even considered. Excessive idealization of Newton's law F = GMm/r² and overestimation of its uniqueness became a brake on the development of the theory of gravity. Newton's law of gravitation does not provide a complete and accurate value for the gravitational force. It describes the local gravity of two bodies and "does not see" the additional gravitational force that actually exists as a result of the gravitational action of all bodies in the universe. Here we show that in addition to Newton's law F = GMm/r^2, there is a second law of gravitation F = mR^3/(T^2)r^2, which remained undiscovered. This law of gravity does not require the gravitational constant G. The existence of this law was first pointed out by Robert Hooke in 1679. Furthermore, we show that the additional gravitational force of the gravitational action of all bodies in the Universe is described by the third law of gravitation F = (mc²)√Ʌ, which also remained undiscovered. This law of gravity also does not require a gravitational constant G. Combining the two new laws of gravitation into a single equation yields the law of universal gravitation FU = mR^3/(T^2)r^2+(mc^2)√Ʌ. This is a complete and more accurate law of gravity than Newton's law. It replaces Newton's law of gravity. The new law of universal gravitation takes into account the accelerated expansion of the universe and Kepler's laws of planetary motion. It expresses the total force of universal gravitation, which is represented by both the local gravitational force of two bodies and the gravitational force of all N bodies in the universe. The new law of universal gravitation is a solution to the inverse N-body problem for N = 2 and for N → ∞. The new law of universal gravitation does not include the gravitational constant G. The measured value of R³/T² based on observations of the orbits of the planets of the Solar System is: R³/T² = 132 712 440 018 (8) km³ su207b². From the cosmological equations, the calculated value of the cosmological constant Ʌ = 1.36226697... u202210-52 m-2 was obtained. This is much more accurate than the constant G. The low accuracy of the gravitational constant G ceases to be a limiting factor in gravitation.
Category: Classical Physics
[13] viXra:2507.0162 [pdf] replaced on 2025-08-04 20:26:42
Authors: Alejandro A. Torassa
Comments: 3 Pages.
In classical mechanics, this paper presents a new scalar field that explains the relationship between gravitational mass and inertial mass. According to this paper, inertial mass is determined by gravitational mass. In classical dynamics, gravitational mass (inertial mass) is more relevant than the other charges (electric charge, etc.) because it is always positive (this property is very important in the new scalar field) Later, in the appendix, the new scalar field is implemented in the theory of relativity.
Category: Classical Physics
[12] viXra:2507.0139 [pdf] replaced on 2025-07-26 17:03:44
Authors: Joshua Dizon
Comments: 7 Pages.
The restitution coefficient $varepsilon$ is commonly introduced as a ratio of relative velocities before and after collision. While effective descriptively, this definition often obscures its underlying connection to energy conservation. In this paper, we re-express $varepsilon$ in terms of the kinetic energy loss $T$ of a two-body system, offering a physically intuitive formulation that aligns with theoretical and computational modeling needs.
Category: Classical Physics
[11] viXra:2507.0137 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-20 21:14:17
Authors: Adrian Guerrero
Comments: 2 Pages.
This paper introduces a novel unification framework, positing space-time as a superfluid-like medium governed by a universal Space-Time Constitutive Constant (( C_y )), which integrates quantum, nuclear, and cosmological phenomena. Protons at radii ( r > 0.84 , text{fm} ) induce a density field, driving emergent particle interactions through a quantized space-time structure. The model unifies fundamental forces via a single energy-displacement relation, reproducing key experimental results: neutron decay energy (~0.782 MeV), deuterium binding (~2.22 MeV), electron charge (( 1.602 times 10^{-19} , text{C} )), and quantum effects like double-slit interference and the Casimir effect (~10u207b²u2070 J). It addresses Standard Model anomalies, including LHCb’s ( R_K ) (3.1σ), ATLAS’s top quark entanglement (6.7σ), and Fermi-LAT’s electron excess (3.7σ), with a 95—97% likelihood of explanatory success. The framework incorporates relativistic effects, predicting time dilation impacts on particle lifetimes and gravitational analogs in cosmological settings. By modeling space-time as a dynamic, superfluid-like medium, it bridges quantum chromodynamics (QCD) with general relativity, capturing quark-gluon dynamics and gravitational wave signatures. Experimental tests are proposed to validate the model: X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) experiments to detect orbital energy shifts (0.01—0.1 eV), National Ignition Facility (NIF) measurements of magnetic susceptibility variations (5—10%), Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) probes of strong force shifts (0.1—1 MeV), and Gamma-ray Spectrometer at LIGO (GSL) for weak force decay rate deviations. Space missions are suggested to test flyby anomaly velocity shifts, potentially confirming space-time density fluctuations. Cosmological implications include explanations for cosmic expansion and dark energy via constitutive interactions. The model’s predictive power extends to Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of M87* and Sgr A*, anticipating shadow asymmetries and photon ring distortions. A unified Lagrangian integrates scalar fields and stochastic fluctuations, offering a holographic perspective on particle and gravitational interactions. With falsifiable predictions, the framework invites rigorous testing at facilities like CERN, NIST, and the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), potentially revolutionizing our understanding of the universe by linking atomic-scale phenomena to cosmological structures through a single constitutive constant.
Category: Classical Physics
[10] viXra:2507.0131 [pdf] replaced on 2025-12-29 12:49:17
Authors: Martin Kraus
Comments: This revision adds a footnote on page 3.
Rivas's model of spinning particles describes an electron as a point-like center of charge spinning around a point-like center of mass with both points satisfying specific equations of motion. The present remarks comment on various aspects of these equations, including notation, parameters of the spin motion, methods for numerical integration, and a modification of the equations of motion to model the Larmor precession of electrons.
Category: Classical Physics
[9] viXra:2507.0118 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-16 15:14:38
Authors: Warren D. Smith
Comments: 9 Pages.
We invent the "solarhedron," "solargon," and "solar stratovase" solar concentrator designs which will uniformly illuminate a flat solar cell with F(k)2, F(k), and k suns worth of radiation respectively, for any desired integer k≥1, where F(k)≥1 is a certain roughly-linearly-increasing function apparently obeying 2k-2.6≤F(k)≤2k-1. We prove the solargon and stratovase both enjoy optimal efficiency for any fixed mirror-reflectivity value in (0, 1].
Category: Classical Physics
[8] viXra:2507.0117 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-16 20:00:11
Authors: Russell P. Patera
Comments: 3 Pages.
This work serves to correct three errors that appear in explanations of the precession of the Foucault Pendulum. The first erroneous claim is that the plane of oscillation of the pendulum remains fixed with respect to inertial space. The second claim is that the plane of oscillation rotates in the clockwise direction. The third claim is that the precession of the pendulum is caused by the Coriolis Force. A previous paper showed that the plane of the pendulum’s oscillation rotates in the counterclockwise direction, thereby disproving the first two claims. If the pendulum is perfectly decoupled from its mounting fixture in the axial or vertical direction and has zero spin rate about the vertical axis, it will still appear to precess even with zero oscillation amplitude. Without pendulum oscillation, there is zero Coriolis Force, which proves that the Coriolis force is not required for the precession phenomenon. Since an Earth fixed observer spins about the vertical axis due to the angular rate of the Earth, the pendulum’s vertical axis appears the rotate or precess in the clockwise direction.
Category: Classical Physics
[7] viXra:2507.0115 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-16 19:58:44
Authors: Pervez Danish
Comments: 32 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
This paper introduces the Perceptual Vibrational Framework (PVF), which redefines motion, rest, and dimensionality as emergent outcomes of vibrational frequency alignment between the observer and the observed system. Challenging conventional physics, PVF interprets "rest" as frequency synchrony, and "motion" as a perceptual illusion arising from vibrational mismatch. A novel insight reveals that 14 distinct visible colours—seven from frequencies above and seven from below the observer's intrinsic frequency—are misinterpreted due to sensory overlap, offering a new understanding of light and spatial perception.PVF unifies the four fundamental interactions—gravitational, electromagnetic, strong, and weak nuclear forces—through vibrational asymmetry, coherence locking, and frequency-phase dynamics, eliminating the need for boson-mediated fields or higher-dimensional models. Photon behaviour, electric charge, and spin naturally emerge from closed-loop vibrational envelopes.A temperature-sensitive model grounded in the Coagulation Rigidity Index (CRI) connects vibrational coherence with macroscopic properties like viscosity and density. Experimental validations are proposed via vibrational spectroscopy, coherence mapping, and CRI behaviour at thermal extremes. This framework offers resolutions to quantum paradoxes, reinterprets dark matter phenomena, and supports a unified physical theory—bridging relativity, quantum mechanics, and cosmology—with promising applications in material science and perceptual cognition.
Category: Classical Physics
[6] viXra:2507.0107 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-14 05:19:12
Authors: Tai-Choon Yoon
Comments: 5 Pages.
The kinetic energy derived from Newton's equation of motion is obtained by integrating force over the distance traveled. Objects cannot move on their own. The motion of an object is the result of action-reaction. This can be said to be the same as interaction. Force is the source of interaction, and the result of interaction. So far, kinetic energy has been defined as E_k=1/2 mv^2, but it is the amount of energy corresponding to the area of a triangle, which is half of the total energy. This corresponds to the area on the x-axis in a Cartesian coordinate system. There is also an identical area on the y-axis. When these two are combined, it becomes the sum of the energy of forces in both directions, not the energy applied to a one-way force, which forces in both directions become E_k= mv^2.
Category: Classical Physics
[5] viXra:2507.0094 [pdf] replaced on 2025-07-22 13:33:58
Authors: Richard J. Mathar
Comments: 10 Pages. Version 2 extends results to Barnes' G-function.
The evaluation of coefficients of the Laurent series of Gamma(x) on page 135 of Patterson's book"An introduction to the theory of the Riemann zeta function" has sign and other errors which are corrected here. A C program is listed whichdemonstrates the application of Taylor seriesto compute the Gamma and Barnes G-function.
Category: Classical Physics
[4] viXra:2507.0073 [pdf] replaced on 2025-08-03 23:11:20
Authors: Seungtae Kim
Comments: 17 Pages. Typos and wrong formula were corrected. Keywords were added.
In the current International System of Units (SI), it is conventionally assumed that rad=1, thereby treating angle as a dimensionless quantity. However, this convention presents a conceptual problem because of the relation sr=rad2, so that the fundamental physical distinction between solid angles and plane angles is blurred. In this paper, I revisited the nature of physical equations based on the principle of dimensional homogeneity and the mathematical properties of the dimensional analysis function, demonstrated that angle is a physical quantity possessing its own fundamental dimension which means angle must be treated as one of the base quantities. Furthermore, I showed that, from the perspective of dimensional analysis, the domain of trigonometric functions and the codomain of inverse trigonometric functions—being inherently numerical-value equations—must consist of θ=θ/rad when θ means angle. Finally, some well-known equations are reconsidered comprehensively for dimensional homogeneity.
Category: Classical Physics
[3] viXra:2507.0036 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-04 21:48:23
Authors: Hongyuan Ye
Comments: 6 Pages.
In 1847, Kirchhoff proposed his current law and voltage law through the study of complex linear DC circuits. Building on the analysis of transient currents in linear sinusoidal AC circuits, this paper demonstrates that Kirchhoff’s current law can serve as an approximate formula for transient analysis in low- and medium-frequency AC circuits. However, it becomes invalid for transient analysis at high frequencies. Considering that real-world linear sinusoidal AC circuits inherently possess distributed radiation capacitance and inductance, the paper further reveals that, under low- and medium-frequency sinusoidal AC signals, these distributed effects are minimal. Therefore, Kirchhoff’s voltage law and current law can be reliably used as approximate formulas for both transient and steady-state analysis in such frequency ranges. Under high-frequency sinusoidal AC signals, the circuit’s distributed radiation capacitance and inductance become significant and cannot be neglected. As a result, Kirchhoff’s voltage law and current law are no longer valid for transient and steady-state circuit analysis.
Category: Classical Physics
[2] viXra:2507.0024 [pdf] replaced on 2025-07-06 21:24:44
Authors: Somdeb Lahiri
Comments: 3 Pages.
We consider a sub-class of bi-matrix games which we refer to as two-person (hereafter referred to as two-player) additively-separable sum (TPASS) games, where the sum of the pay-offs of the two players is additively separable. The row player’s pay-off at each pair of pure strategies, is the sum of two numbers, the first of which may be dependent on the pure strategy chosen by the column player and the second being independent of the pure strategy chosen by the column player. The column player’s pay-off at each pair of pure strategies, is also the sum of two numbers, the first of which may be dependent on the pure strategy chosen by the row player and the second being independent of the pure strategy chosen by the row player. The sum of the inter-dependent components of the pay-offs of the two players is assumed to be zero. We show that a (randomized or mixed) strategy pair is an equilibrium of the game if and only if there exist two other real numbers such that the three together solve a certain linear programming problem.
Category: Classical Physics
[1] viXra:2507.0006 [pdf] submitted on 2025-07-01 22:17:56
Authors: Abhishek Majhi, Tiyasa Kar
Comments: 18 Pages. Int J Theor Phys 64, 269 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-025-06131-1
It is a standard practice to derive velocity addition rules for point particles from Galilean and Lorentz transformations in point (classical) mechanics, and to apply such rules to wave velocities for explaining Doppler effect. However, in such standard practice, it is never shown whether the equation for wave propagation actually transforms in a way such that the velocity addition rules get manifested through the equation itself. We address this gap in the literature as follows. We claim that the {it velocity addition for waves}, being the one and only mean to explain the empirically verified Doppler effect, should be considered as an element of physical reality in accord with EPR's completeness condition of a physical theory. Therefore, the `equation for wave propagation' should manifest such velocity addition so as to be considered as a part of the respective physical theory of waves. We show that such manifestation is possible if and only if wave propagation is modeled with {it first order partial differential equations}. From a historical point of view, this work settles the Doppler-Petzval debate which originated from Petzval's demand for an explanation of Doppler effect in terms of differential equations. From the foundational perspective, this work sets the stage for a renewed focus on the mathematical modeling of wave phenomena, especially in the context of various Doppler effects.
Category: Classical Physics
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