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[12] viXra:2511.0129 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-25 12:34:29
Authors: Kazufumi Sakai
Comments: 6 Pages.
The interference of light has not only contributed to our understanding of natural laws, but it has also been used as a crucial foundational technology supporting modern industry. Both fundamental and applied aspects are being actively researched on interference. We've made an optical element that consists of a half-mirror and a mirror with an adjustable relative angle, and we're studying the fundamental characteristics of interference fringes. The fringe spacing can be altered by adjusting their relative angle. When light is incident on this device, numerous bright and dark lines appear, similar to thin-film interference or interference fringes of equal thickness. This report describes how the interference pattern and light intensity change as the width of the incident light beam is narrowed below the fringe spacing.
Category: Classical Physics
[11] viXra:2511.0094 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-18 06:21:47
Authors: Tai-Choon Yoon
Comments: 6 Pages.
If there are two objects of unknown mass. To determine the ratio of their weights, in nature, all we need is a weightless rod and a fulcrum. If we place two objects on the rod and fulcrum at the balance point, then the balance point becomes the barycenter. Measuring the distance between them from the barycenter yields the relationship m_1 r_1= m_2 r_2. Now, differentiating each distance with respect to time yields p= m_1 v_1= m_2 v_2, which defines Newton's first law of motion, momentum. Therefore, interacting between two objects has two opposing momenta. Newton's second law is the law of acceleration. Differentiating one momentum of the two momenta with respect to time gives F=ma. Since interaction is mutually attractive forces between two objects, it is the sum of the two forces between two objects. In other words, 2F=2ma. Newton's third law, the law of action and reaction, is two forces with opposite directions repel each other, but the result is the same as interaction. In Newton's law of universal gravitation, gravity also applies equally to the interaction between two objects. The gravitational force is 2F=2G Mm/r^2 . In the former case, kinetic energy is E_k= mv^2, and gravitational energy is E_g= 2GMm/r. If the two energies are equal, the relation between the two becomes v^2= 2GM/r. This is the same equation given in the Einstein field equation. When an object moves at the speed of light, all of the object's mass convert to energy, which is Einstein's energy-mass equivalence principle, E=mc^2. Furthermore, if we extend the Newton's law of universal gravitation, the law of universal gravitation between three bodies becomes 2F= 2G((m_1 m_2)/〖r_12〗^2 + (m_1 m_3)/〖r_13〗^2 + (m_2 m_3)/〖r_23〗^2 ).
Category: Classical Physics
[10] viXra:2511.0087 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-18 19:51:05
Authors: Viktor Strohm
Comments: 7 Pages.
This study demonstrates experimentally that a suspension thread can undergo torsional motion when the mass or spatial configuration of the working bodies in a torsion system is altered. Two experimental setups are proposed to investigate thread twisting caused by disrupting the mechanical equilibrium through changes in the effective arm length of the working bodies.
Category: Classical Physics
[9] viXra:2511.0079 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-18 00:19:29
Authors: Vaggelis Talios
Comments: 5 Pages.
Today, Physics accepts that matter and antimatter are attracted, with a force proportional to the electromagnetic force. The theory of the Big Bang [2], which is also the established theory for the creation of the Universe, is based on this assumption. According to the Big Bang theory, at the beginning of the creation, more matter than antimatter was created. So after the self-destruction between matter and antimatter, due to the strong attraction between them, a large amount of matter remained that created the Universe. In contrast to the Big Bang theory, the theory of the Chain Reaction [3], which is an alternative theory for the creation, accepts the opposite, namely that matter and antimatter repelled with a very weak force, opposite and proportional to the force of the attraction of two masses. So, according to the Chain Reaction theory, at the beginning of the creation, equal amounts of matter and antimatter were created, which, due to their repulsion, separated and matter created the Universe and antimatter the Antiuniverse. Maybe it was created, and many other Universes and Anti-universes. To date, no theoretical or experimental proof has been given by the established science to the acceptance that matter attracts antimatter. On the contrary, the author of this paper, who is also the author of the Chain Reaction theory, gives a clear proof that leads us to the conclusion that matter repels antimatter; at the same time he also calculates the force of this repulsion, which is equal but opposite to the force of the attraction of two masses.
Category: Classical Physics
[8] viXra:2511.0078 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-17 02:16:22
Authors: Faisal Saeed
Comments: 5 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please cite listed scientific reference and submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
This paper presents a novel classical model of the photon as a three-phase resonant electromagnetic system. By analyzing coupled LC oscillators arranged in a symmetric helical configuration, we show that the photon's key quantum properties—quantization, spin, and lossless propagation—emerge naturally from geometry and energy closure. Remarkably, the golden ratio φ emerges as the unique solution to the energy closure condition K² - K - 1 = 0, establishing a fundamental relation for the helical wavelength λ_h = φ × λ. The model provides explicit predictions for the photon’s geometric parameters, including a radius r ≈ 0.202 × λ and helical inclination θ ≈ 52°, and offers a mechanistic, classical explanation for phenomena traditionally considered purely quantum.
Category: Classical Physics
[7] viXra:2511.0064 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-14 21:55:52
Authors: Faisal Saeed
Comments: 4 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
This paper presents a novel, low-resource approach to the photon's dynamics using open-source computational tools. We model the photon as a three-phase resonant system, where energy circulates perpetually among orthogonal components. This explains quantization, spin, and lossless propagation with real-space mechanical principles. Computational verification confirms the predicted resonant geometry with radius r=0.202λ and inclination θ=52°, and Planck's constant emerges naturally from classical electromagnetic quantities. The derivation relies solely on real-valued quantities, challenging the notion that complex numbers are fundamental to physical reality.
Category: Classical Physics
[6] viXra:2511.0049 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-11 21:14:42
Authors: Josef Graf
Comments: 22 Pages. In German
The profound mathematical analogy between Coulomb's law and Newton's law of gravitation hints at a deeper theoretical correspondence. This article develops a system of equations for gravitation that mirrors the structure of Maxwell's equations for electromagnetism. This Gravito-Electromagnetic (GEM) formalism introduces physical entities such as the gravitomagnetic field, offering a unified framework with the potential to explain diverse phenomena. As a key application, the model provides a compelling explanation for the stability and equatorial alignment of planetary rings, as observed around Saturn and Uranus.
Category: Classical Physics
[5] viXra:2511.0047 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-11 21:04:33
Authors: Mikheili Mindiashvili
Comments: 18 Pages. (Note by viXra Admin: Please submit article written with AI assistance to ai.viXra.org)
The purpose of this study is to show that many fundamental equations of physics can be traced back to a common geometric principle rooted in the Pythagorean theorem and the Archimedean tradition. The φ-parameterization acts as a bridge between classical, relativistic, and quantum physics, while also extending naturally to cosmological applications. The proposed framework does not contradict established physics nor introduce new postulates; rather, it provides a visual, unifying, and numerically stable representation of physical laws. In addition to its geometric clarity, the φ-formalism possesses an important computational advantage — numerical stability.
Category: Classical Physics
[4] viXra:2511.0023 [pdf] replaced on 2025-11-12 23:20:24
Authors: Antonio Francino, Gabriel Simón, Josep M. Francino
Comments: 5 Pages.
Based on a toy model that postulates space as a dynamic 3-D grid of nodes and stems arranged as a repeating pattern of a unit cell of unknown geometry, an equivalence and interchangeability of space and mass is proposed, the latter being a collapsed state of the former. Masses would originate from the collapse of a certain amount of unit cells proportional to the mass. From the model and under spherical symmetry, Newtons’ Law is reproduced and the value of G is shown to be independently derivable from a Cavendish experiment. The locally collapsed grid would then generate a dynamical system of force lines, akin to Faraday’s lines in electromagnetism, which surface density decays as 1/r² and determines the force on the test mass. A correction is added to the classical formulation for the case of non-baryonic gravity and gravity of unknown origin that reduces to the standard when there is none. Finally, an argument is made about the range of the gravitational force, which in this model would be extremely large but finite.
Category: Classical Physics
[3] viXra:2511.0018 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-06 02:33:21
Authors: Jan Sandtner
Comments: 2 Pages. (Note by ai.viXra.org Admin: Please cite listed scientific references)
If the well-known Lorentz force formula is applied for nonstationary cases, then an additional term containing changing electric field must be adjoined. This term has dimension of force too. When in space, where the field is located, pure vacuum is present, then a rightful question arises, where does this force apply. Some considerations about electromagnetic momentum and compensating mechanical momentum are mentioned.
Category: Classical Physics
[2] viXra:2511.0013 [pdf] replaced on 2026-01-13 21:21:24
Authors: Fran De Aquino
Comments: 5 Pages.
Here, we show an experiment in order to measure the gravity acceleration above of one side of the dielectric of a Parallel Plate Capacitor when the opposite side of the dielectric is facing to Earth surface, and the capacitor is subjected to a sinusoidal voltage with Extremely Low Frequency (ELF). The results here obtained shows that, in these circumstances, the gravity acceleration above of the dielectric is strongly modified.
Category: Classical Physics
[1] viXra:2511.0008 [pdf] submitted on 2025-11-02 09:56:47
Authors: Jouni Puuronen
Comments: 8 Pages.
We attempt to calculate the exercise where we show that a dot product of a magnetic moment and a pointwise value of a magnetic field with a minus sign describes an interaction energy. The attempt is not successful due to the divergence of the relevant integrals, and we conclude that the claimed exercise result is wrong. The belief that the dot product with a minus sign would describe an interaction energy most apparently is only a myth.
Category: Classical Physics
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